英语专业考研基础英语词汇语法高分特训1300题(词汇语法技巧指南)【圣才出品】

第1章词汇语法技巧指南

对于绝大多数报考英语专业的考生而言，“基础英语”是全国各院校英语专业研究生入学考试必考的科目。一般来说，报考英语专业研究生的考核科目为：政治（分值100分）、第二外语（分值100分）、基础英语（分值150分）以及专业课（包括英美文学、语言学与应用语言学、翻译理论及实践等）（分值150分）。

需要说明的是，有些院校对此科目的考试名称有所不同：例如北京大学称之为“专业能力”，上海外国语大学称之为“英语综合”，北京外国语大学称之为“英语基础测试（技能）”，上海交通大学、广东外语外贸大学等称之为“英语水平考试”，四川大学称之为“英语专业基础”，山东大学称之为“实践英语”。上述院校的科目名称和大多数院校所用的“基础英语”名称虽有差别，但实质是一样的，都是由各学校自主命题、考核英语专业考生基本功底的考试科目。

1.1考核要求和出题形式

1．基础英语词汇语法部分考核要求

对于“基础英语”，全国各大院校自主命题，而且各院校的考核要求水平也有差异，所以没有相应的考试大纲来说明其考核要求。但国内大部分院校在命题时都会把1999年教育部批准实施的《高等学校英语专业英语教学大纲》作为指导标准，因此，这个大纲仍能反映目前高校对英语专业学生基本功的大体要求。其对词汇语法部分的要求如下：语法方面，较好地掌握句子之间和段落之间的衔接手段如照应、省略、替代等。熟练地使用各种衔接手段，连贯地表达思想。

词汇方面，通过基础英语课、阅读课和其他途径认知词汇达10000-12000个；且能正确而熟练地使用其中的5000-6000个及其最常用的搭配。

2．试题类型和出题形式

（1）词汇题

词汇题的考核内容较为广泛，包括对名词、形容词、动词、冠词等多种词性、各种短语及固定搭配结构的判断和理解，其中包括对同义词、近义词、反义词的辨认与区分等；根据上下文对词和词组意义的判断等。

出题形式主要有以下几种：

①题目为一个留有空白的英文句子，要求考生从所给的四个选项选出最恰当的词或词组。如：

Anyone who has a sore throat should _____ from alcohol.

A. detain

B. abstain

C. sustain

D. pertain

个别院校（如对外经济贸易大学）有时句子中会留2～4个空白。如：

Literature may _____ and inform, entertain, express personal joy or _____, reflect religious devotion, glorify a nation or hero, or _____ a particular point of view—whether it _____ political, social, or aesthetic.

A. inspire; love; describe; is

B. instruct: pain; advocate; be

C. convince; hatred; reveal; were

D. alert; pleasure; explain; has been

②要求对单句中划有底横线的词进行替换选择，即从所给出的四个选择项中选出一个最佳替换词。如：

Don’t be callous to the suffering of others.

A. apathetic

B. curious

C. sensitive

D. supercilious

③根据词的相关解释，从表格所给出的词汇中选出意思与之符合的单词。如：

a thing that is changeable: _____ （答案为variable）。

④要求为所给出的单词选择其同义词。如：

phlegmatic

A. calm

B. penetrative

C. dilapidated

D. illegible

E. exclusive

⑤要求为所给出的单词选择其反义词。如：

decorous

A. unlikely

B. uncomfortable

C. unrepentant

D. unseemly

E. unattractive

（2）语法题

语法题测试的重点包括时态、语态、语气、动词非限定形式、强调、倒装、平行结构等。

出题形式主要有以下几种：

①题目为一个留有空白的英文句子，要求考生从时态、句型等语法角度，从所给的四个选项中选出可用在句中的最恰当的词、词组或句子。如：

_____, he might have retired before the end.

A. Didn’t he enjoy the concert

B. Has he not enjoyed the concert

C. Were he not enjoy the concert

D. Had he not enjoyed the concert

②要求补全句子。

A．从所给出的词汇中，根据语境运用单词的正确形式及时态把句子补充完整。如：People _____ in the building trade have suffered many set-backs recently.（want, write, employ, say, see, feel, miss）

B．要求在句子的空白处填入正确的介词、冠词等，使句子完整。如：

He may be patient _____ his own children, but he shows absolutely no tolerance _____ anybody else’s.

③句型转换。如把给出的句子转换为主动或被动语态；运用不定式结构把句子从复合句变为简单句等。

1.2词汇语法考点归纳

通过对各高校“基础英语”词汇语法部分分析研究，我们对词汇语法的常考点进行归纳。

一、语法

“基础英语”常考语法点有：虚拟语气、非谓语动词、动词时态语态、定语从句、情态动词、比较句型、倒装句、强调句型、状语从句。

（一）虚拟语气的用法

A．条件从句类

（1）if引导的从句类

（2）混合虚拟条件类

混合时态的虚拟指的是主句和从句分别表示两个时态，动词形式依照上述三种形式进行相应的变化。

如：If you had done your homework, you would not be criticized by your teacher now.

（3）含蓄虚拟条件类

含蓄虚拟语气是指假设条件不通过if从句表达，而是暗含在其他结构中。考生应熟悉：

①连词but, but that, or, or else；副词otherwise, unfortunately等表示转折假设。

如：A safety analysis would have identified the target as a potential danger. Unfortunately, it was never done.

②介词短语暗含假设条件，常用的有：without, but for, under more favorable conditions等。

如：But for the English examination I would have gone to the concert last Sunday.

③intended/meant/hoped/wished或was/were +不定式完成式或had intended/meant/planned/hoped/wished+不定式一般式暗示虚拟语气。

如：I intended to have called on you, but I was busy at that time.

④情态动词完成式暗示虚拟语气。

如：I should have called to make an airline reservation, but I didn’t.

B．从句中的（should）do句型类

（1）动词suggest，propose，ask，command，demand，require，urge，order，recommend，insist, prefer等后加that引导的宾语从句中使用should do句型。（suggest，recommend和insist分别当“表明”、“推荐”和“坚持认为”讲时不用虚拟语气。）如：In the past men generally preferred that their wives work in the home.

（2）由上述动词派生来的名词后加that引导的同位语从句或表语从句中用should do 句型。

如：It is urgent that these files should be printed right away.

（3）当上述动词的过去分词及下列形容词strange，important，necessary，essential，

词汇与语法

Word List (单词表) message n. 要旨，要点 tricky adj. (工作、问题等)微妙的，棘手的;(人)狡猾的beginning n. 开始;起初 semester n. (尤指美国大专院校的)学期m cover v. 处理 duty n. 任务 management n. 管理 number one adj. 最重要的;头号的 seriously adv. 真心地，当真地;认真地，严肃地 once conj. 一旦……(就……) weekly adj. 每周一次的 follow v. 遵照;沿用 following adj. 紧接着的 realistic adj. 现实可行的 essay n. 作文;短文 quiz n. 考查;测验 upset v. 打乱(计划等);打翻 ability n. 能力;才智

grade n. (考试或作业的)分数 achieve v. 获得 flexible adj. 灵活的 re-plan v. 重新计划 basis n. 基础;根据 project n. 课题;科研项目 mid-term adj. 期中的 solid adj. 扎实的 schedule n. 计划表 alive adj. 起作用的;现存的;活着的assignment n. (指定的)作业 activity n. 活动 social adj. 社交的;交谊的 seem v. 似乎;好像 back adj. 以前的;过去的 Proper Names Elwood N. Chapman 埃尔伍德·N·查普曼(人名) Useful Expressions(常用短语)

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that that从句中用动词原 to the hospital as soon as possible. that从句中用 D. should know

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