人教版八年级英语上册暑假预科班语法单词讲义
Unit1 Where did you go on vacation
一．语法：(一般过去时)
1.定义：表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。
was / were +…… 2．结构: 主语+ am, is are
V 过+…… .过的变化规则： '
①直接加ed
②以e 结尾直接加d
③以“辅+y ”结尾，变y 为i 再加ed
④ 以“辅元辅”结尾，双写最后一个辅音字母，再加ed ⑤ 不规则（重点）
4.标志词：
—
①yesterday (yesterday morning , the day before yesterday …..) ②……ago (six hours ago, one year ago, two months ago ……)
③last+时间（last year, last month ,last week ,last weekend ……） ④in the past 在过去
句尾 ⑤in those days 在那些天
⑥just now 刚才
⑦at that time 在那时 ⑧this morning 今天早上
；
⑨over the weekend 整个周末
⑩今天以前的任何时间（in 2018 ， in the 1960s ……）
二．词汇：
anyone ['eniw ?n] pron. 任何人 something ['s ?m θ??] pron. 某事物； nothing ['n ?θ??] pron. 没有什么n. 没有 everyone ['evriw ?n] pron. 每人；人人 ·
someone ['s ?m w ?n] pron. 某人；有人
1. 不定代词：
指人：everyone someone anyone no one everybody somebody anybody nobody
指物：everything something anything nothing
用法： ①作主语，V 单 ；
② 不定代词+adj. someone 变anyone
③ 在否定句和疑问句中: somebody 变anybody
something 变anything
anywhere ['eniwe ?(r)] adv.任何地方n.任何(一个)地方
few +可名复（没几个）否定little+不可名（几乎没有）否定most [m??st] adj.最多的；大多数的
most of the time 大多数时间
of course [?vk??s] 当然
myself [ma?'self] pron. 我自己
yourself [j??'self] pron. 你自己；
3.反身代词：（与主语保持一致）
—
单数：myself, yourself, itself, himself, herself
复数：ourselves , yourselves, themselves
hen [hen] n.母鸡；雌禽
pig [pIg] n.猪
seem [si?m] vi.似乎；好像
4.seem + adj.好像……
~
seem like 好像；似乎；
be seem to do sth.好像干某事
It seems/seemed +从句……
bored [b??d] adj.无聊的；厌烦的；郁闷的
5. bored 无聊的主语为人/ 形容人
boring 令人感到无聊的主语为物/ 形容物
diary ['da??ri] n.日记；日记簿
keep a diary记日记
'
activity [?k't?v?ti] n.活动；活跃decide [d?'sa?d]v.决定；选定
6. decide v.? decision n. 决定
decide to do sth. 决定干某事
try [tra?]v.尝试；设法；努力
on 试穿
try to do sth. 尽力干某事
《
try doing sth. 尝试干某事
tr y one’s best to do sth. 尽某人最大的努力干某事paragliding ['p?r?ɡla?d??] n.空中滑伞
feel like想要
8.f e e l l i k e d o i n g s t h.好像干某事
feel like +从句
bird [b??d] n.鸟；禽
bicycle ['ba?s?kl] n.自行车
:
building ['b?ld??] n.建筑物
trader ['tre?d?(r)]n.商人；商船
wonder ['w?nd?(r)] v.惊奇；想知道；怀疑to do sth. 好奇干某事
wonder+从句
difference ['d?fr?ns] n.差异；不同
10.difference n. (可名) ?different adj. 不同的
be different from…… 与……不同
>
the same as …… 与……相同
top [t?p] n.顶部；顶
wait [we?t]v.等；等待
a moment 等一会
wait for sb.等待某人
umbrella [?m'brel?] n. 伞；雨伞
wet [wet] adj. 湿的；雨天的because of因为；由于
;
12. because of+短语/词组
because +句子
below [b?'l??] prep.低于；在...下面a d v.在下面enough [?'n?f] adj.足够的a d v.足够地；充分地13. adj.+enough
enough+n.
enough to do sth. 做某事是足够……
hungry ['h??ɡri] adj. 饥饿的；渴望的
《
as [?z] conj. 如同；像...一样
+职业/身份作为……
Eg: as a teacher 作为一名老师
hill美[h?l] n. 小山；丘陵；斜坡；山冈duck [d?k] n. 鸭肉；鸭
dislike [d?s'la?k]v.不喜欢；厌恶n.不喜爱；厌恶；反感v.喜欢?dislike v.不喜欢
love v.爱? hate v.憎恨
、
to do sth.like/love/hate doing sth.
dislike doing sth.(不喜欢干某事)
have a good time=enjoy oneself=have fun玩得痛快Central Park 中央公园
Tian'anmen square 天安门广场
the Palace Museum 故宫博物院
~
Unit2 How often do you exercise
一．语法：(频度副词和次数的表达)
（一）.频度副词
always > usually > often>sometimes > seldom > hardly ever > never 100% 80% 60% 30% 10% 5% 0% >
用法：1.常用于一般现在时态中
主+频+实V.（频不影响主谓关系）
2.位置主+情/系/助+频+实V.
（二）次数的表达
once (一次) twice (两次) three times（三次）four times（四次）
基数词+times
：
注意：①当次数划线提问时用How often ……
②every +时间名词划线提问也用How often ……
（三）与How 有关的特殊疑问词/词组
How many +可名复……询问数量
How much +不可名……. 询问数量（How much……询问价钱）
How old …….=what’s the age of sb. 询问年龄
How tal l……询问身高
How long 问段时间/长度
,
How far 问距离
How soon 问将来的时间
How often 问次数
How about doing sth.= What about doing sth. 征求意见
二．词汇：
housework ['has w ??k] n.家务劳动
1. housework 不可名homework 不可名
、
do one’s housework/homework
do 为实义动词变否定句时为：don’t do one’s housework/homework
ever ['ev?(r)] adv.曾经；在任何时候
hardly ['hɑ?dli] adv.几乎不；简直不；刚刚(表否定)
hardly ever很少；几乎从不；难得
2. 困难的=difficult?easy 容易的
hard adj.
(
坚硬的?soft 软的
adv.努力地（work hard 努力工作）
hardly adv. 几乎不
once [w?ns] adv.一次；曾经
twice [twa?s] adv.两倍；两次
Internet ['?nt?net] n.因特网
3. on the Internet 在网上
~
surf the Internet 上网
program ['pr??ɡr ? m] n.节目；程序；课程；节目单full [f?l] adj.满的；充满的；完全的
4.be full of……充满…… ;装满……
be filled with……
swing [sw??] n.摇摆；秋千v.摇摆；旋转
swing dance摇摆舞
!
body ['b?di] n.身体
maybe ['me?bi] adv.或许；也许；可能
5. maybe =perhaps 用在句首也许
may be 用在句中可能是……
least [li?st] adj.最小的；最少的
at least至少
junk n.垃圾；废旧杂物
;
junk food n.垃圾食品；无营养食品
coffee ['k?fi] n.咖啡；咖啡色
health [helθ] n.健康；人的身体或精神状态
6. health n. ? healthy adj. 健康的
keep healthy= stay healthy.保持健康
healthy food 健康食品
result [r?'z?lt] .结果；后果
￥
percent [p?'sent] adj.百分之...的
7.基数词+ percent of……百分之……
谓语用单/复看of 之后的名词
online [??n'la?n] adj.在线的a d v.在线地
television ['tel?v??n] n.电视机；电视节目although [??l'e??] conj.虽然；尽管；然而；可是
= though 表转折
although/though 不能与but 连用
^
through [θru?] prep.穿过；凭借；一直到
9. through 指从内部穿过或者头顶有物体遮挡
through the forest 穿过森林go through 经历；经受through the window 透过窗户get through 通过
than [e?n] conj.比
less [les] adj.更少的；较少的
more than超过；多于；不仅仅；非常
#
less than不到；少于mind [ma?nd] .头脑；想法；意见；心思
10. mind doing sth. 介意干某事
mind not doing sth. 不介意干某事
make u p one’s mind to do sth. 下定决心干某事
such [s?t?] adj.这样的；如此的
11. such+a/an +adj.+可名单
#
so + adj.+ a/an +可名单
such as例如；诸如
12. such as +短语/单独的名词
For example ,+句子（举例说明）
together [t?'ɡee?(r)] adv.共同；一起
die [da?]v.死；枯竭；消失
)
point [p??nt] n.看法；要点；重点；小数点；目标；分数writer ['ra?t?(r)] n.作者；作家
dentist ['dent?st] n.牙科医生
to the dentist.看牙医
magazine ['m?ɡ?zi?n] n.杂志
however [ha?'ev?(r)] adv.然而；无论如何；不管多么14. However 表转折，单独使用
but +句子表转折
'
although/though 不能与but 连用
almost ['??lm??st] adv.几乎；差不多
none [n?n] pron.没有人；没有任何东西，毫无
15. none 指人/物none of ……V单/复
表否定no one 只指人V单
nobody 只指人V单
:
;
Unit3 I'm more outgoing than my sister.
一．语法：(adj.&adv.原级和比较级) 1．adj. & adv.使用原则
)
①系+形②半系+形（半系V.有：feel ,taste,keep,get,become,smell,look sound,等）
③形+名
④动+副/副+动
2. adj. & adv的原级
①……as+原级as……否定句? so+原级as……
②so+adj.+a/an+名单
③such+a/an+adj.+名单
`
④倍数+as+原级as……
⑤very，quite，too，so +原级
.&adv.比较级（定义:两个同类事物之间的比较）
①主+谓+比+than+被比较部分
②The+比……,the+比……(越……越……)
③……比and比……/more and more+原级……(越来越……)
④主+谓+the+比+of the two +名复（两个中最……）
⑤much ,a little , far ,even ,a lot ,any等+比较级
】
.&adv.等级的变化规则
①直接加~er, ~est ②以e结尾，直接加~r, ~st
③以“辅元辅”结尾，双写，加~er,~est
④以“辅+y”结尾，变y为i，加~er,~est
⑤多音节more+原级,the most+原级
⑥不规则变化
]
二．词汇：
bring out拿出；推出
9. bring out the best /worst in sb.
给某人展现出最好的一面/最差的一面
grade n. 成绩
should [??d] aux.应该；可能；应当；将要
10. should 情态动词?否定形式shouldn’t 不应该
@
the same as与...同样的
saying n. 名言
reach [ri?t?]v.到达；伸出；延伸；(伸手)去够
for 伸手取……
reach v.到达reach +地点
get to +地点
arrive in/at +地点
hand n.援手
>
touch [t?t?] vt. 触摸；感动
heart [hɑ?t] n. 心脏；内心
one’s heart 感动某人
fact [f?kt] n. 事实；真相；实际
in fact事实上；实际上；确切地说
break [bre?k] v.打碎；折断；违背；解决；中断arm n. 胳膊
laugh [lɑ?f]v.发笑；笑；嘲笑n.笑声；笑；笑料!
at sb. 嘲笑某人share [?e?(r)] vt.分享，共享；分配；共有
14. share sth. with sb. 和某人分享某物
share in sth. 共同分担某事
similar ['s?m?l?(r)] adj. 类似的
be similar to类似于；与...相似
~
primary ['pra?m?ri] adj.最初的，最早的
primary school 小学
15. kindergarten 幼儿园
primary school 小学
middle school 初中
high school 高中
collage 综合大学
university 大学
[
information [??nf?'me??n] n.信息；情报；资料；通知16. information 不可名
@
Unit4 What's the best movie theater 一．]
一．语法：
(adj.&adv.最高级)
1.定义：表示三者或以上同类事物之间的比较
①主+谓+the+最高级+范围
②主+谓+比+than+any other+名单+范围
2.结构③One of +the +形高名复is……
④the +序数词+形高名单is ……
⑤主+谓+the +最高级+名词+I have ever ……
*
3.变化规则
①直接加~er, ~est
②以e结尾，直接加~r, ~st
③以“辅元辅”结尾，双写，加~er,~est
④以“辅+y”结尾，变y为i，加~er,~est
⑤多音节more+原级,the most+原级
⑥不规则变化good/well-better-best
bad/badly-worse-worst
、
much/many –more-most
little –less-least
far-farther/further-farthest/furthest
old-older/elder-oldest/eldest
二．词汇：
。
theater ['θ??t?] n.剧场；电影院；戏院comfortable ['k?mft?bl] adj.舒适的；充裕的comfortably ['k?mft?bli] a d v.舒服地；容易地；充裕地seat [si?t] n.座位；
a seat =sit down 坐下
sit v.坐(sat)
screen [skri?n] n.屏幕；银幕
close [kl?s]v.关；合拢；不开放；停业
、
close to …… 离……近
close v.关? open v. 打开
ticket n.票
worse [w??s] adj.更坏的；更差的
worst [w??st] adj.最坏的；最差的
cheaply ['t?i?pli] adv.廉价地；粗俗地
3. cheap adj.便宜的? expensive/dear adj.昂贵的
song [s??] n.歌曲；歌唱
：
choose [t?u?z]v.选择；决定
carefully ['ke?f?li] adv.小心地，认真地
adj. ? carefully adv.
careless adj. ? carelessly adv. 粗心地
reporter [r?'p??t?(r)] n.记者
so far到目前为止；迄今为止
fresh [fre?] adj.新鲜的；清新的
（
service ['s??v?s] n.服务
pretty ['pr?ti] adv.相当地adj.漂亮的
menu ['menju?] n.菜单
act [?kt] v.行动；表演
n.男演员
actress n. 女演员
meal [mi?l] n.一餐；膳食
creative [kri'e?t?v] adj.创造的，创造性的；
）
performer [p?'f??m?(r)] n.表演者；执行者
talent ['t?l?nt] n.天赋；才能，才艺；
8. talented adj. 有才能的；有天赋的
common ['k?m?n] adj.常见的；共同的；普通的have…in common有相同特征
magician [m?'d???n] n.魔术师；术士
all kinds of各种各样；各种类型9. a kind of…… ……的一种
!
many kinds of…… 许多种……
differe nt kinds of …… 不同种……
kind of +adj.=a little+adj. 有点儿……beautifully ['bju?t?fli] adv.美丽地；完美地；be up to是…….的职责；由…….决定
role [r??l] n.作用；角色
play a role发挥作用；有影响
10. play a role in doing sth. 在做某事方面有发挥着作用—
winner ['w?n?(r)] n.获胜者
prize [pra?z] n.奖品；奖金
11. the first prize 一等奖
get a very good prize 得到好奖品everybody ['evrib?di] pron.每人；人人
make up编造
example [?ɡ'zɑ?mpl] n.例子；榜样
/
for example例如
ex ample，+句子（举例说明）
such as +词组（列举）
poor [p??(r)] adj.可怜的；贫穷的
adj.穷的? rich adj. 富有的
the poor 穷人the rich 富人
the+adj. 表示一类人
“A”的意义是什么meaningful adj. 有意义的? Meaningless adj. 无意义的agree on （doing）sth. 双方在某事上意见一致
agree to do sth. 赞同做某事同义
一．语法：(一般将来时)
?
（一）定义：①表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态
②用be doing 中的短暂性动词可表将来
①主+be going to do +……(表近期的打算)（二）结构②主+will do +…… (表长远的)
③be doing （仅限于短暂性动词）
常见的有：go ，come arrive ,leave （三）标志词：
；
（the day after tomorrow ; tomorrow morning）
2．next+时间名词（next year, next month next week）
3. in +段时间（in three days ;in two hours）
the future 在将来
5.今天以后的任何时间
6. before long 不久以后
now on 从现在开始
不久
" 二．词汇：
paper['pe?p?r] n. 纸
n.纸不可名（a piece of paper 一张纸）
~
paper n. 试卷可名
pollute[p?'lu?t] v.污染
pollution [p?'lu??n] n. 污染；污染物
prediction[pr?'d?k?n] n.预测
future ['fju?t??r]n. 未来
2. in the future 在将来；在未来
in future 今后；以后
environment [?n'va?r?nm?nt] n.环境
！
the en vironment 保护环境
planet ['pl?n?t] 行星
earth[??rθ] n.地球；泥土
3.on the earth 在地球上save the earth 拯救地球
世界上独一无二的事物前必须用the
如：the sun the world the moon 等
plant [pl?nt] v.种植，n. 植物
part [pɑ?rt] v.参加，部分
'
play a park 参与（某事）
5. play a park in doing sth. 参与做某事
peace [pi?s] n.和平? peaceful adj. 和平的
sea [si] n. 海；海洋；许多；大量
4.at sea 在海上by sea 坐船
in the sea 在海里
sky[ska?] 天空
astronaut['?str?n??t]宇航员
~
apartment[?'pɑ?rt m?nt] 公寓房间
rocket ['rɑ?k?t] 火箭；
space[spe?s] n.空间；太空.
space station 太空站
human ['hju?m?n] n.人的；n.人；人类
5．human being 人复数：human beings=humans person 指个体的“人” 复数：persons
people 指集体人们单复同形
%
民族复数：peoples
servant['s??rv?nt] n. 仆人
dangerous ['de?nd??r?s] adj.危险的
7. dangerous adj.危险的? danger n.危险
be in great dan ger 处于极大的危险中
already[??l'redi] adv.已经
8. already 用于句中否定句/疑问句?变yet 用于句末factory['f?ktri] 工厂
\
over and over again 多次；反复地
believe [b?'li?v] v. 相信
9. believe sb.相信某人
believe in sb.信任某人
disagree [?d?s?'ɡri?] v.不同意
10. disagree v. 不同意? agree v. 同意
disagree with sb.不同意某人的意见
even['i?vn]甚至；愈加
)
+比较级
hundreds of 许多；大量；成百上千
12.概数词：hundred ,thousand , million , billion
基数词+概数词
用法：
概数词s+ of
shape [?e?p] 形状
13. in the shape of 以……的形状
/
fall [f??l]倒塌；跌倒fall-fell-fallen
fall down 突然倒下；跌倒；倒塌
14. fall asleep 入睡
fall over 被……绊倒
fall in love 爱上……
fall behind 落后；下降
fall =autumn n. 秋天
inside['?n'sa?d] n. 里面；内部adj. 里面的；内部的；秘密的#
a d v.在里面prep. 少于；在…之内look for 寻找；寻求
15. look for 寻找表动作
the day before yesterday 前天
the day after tomorrow 后天
weekday['wikde] n. 平日，工作日
n.周末
on the weekend=on weekends 在周末
look after 照顾，照料
turn down减小，关小，调低
reply [r?'pla?] 回答，回复
@
10. reply in writing 书面回复
reply to sb. 回复某人
forward['f??rw?rd] 转交；发送，向前的
look forward to 盼望，期待
11. look forward to doing sth. 期待干某事
print [pr?nt] n. 印刷业；印花布；；印章；印记vt. 印刷；打印；刊载；
sad[s?d] adj. 难过的；悲哀的
goodbye[g?d'ba?] int. 再见
#
take a trip 去旅行
glad [ɡl?d] adj. 高兴的；乐意的；vt. 使高兴
without[w?'θa?t] prep. 没有；adv. 户外；在外面；n. 外部；外面
12. without ? with介词介+doing
surprised[s?'pra?zd] adj. 感到惊讶的，出人意料的v.使惊奇12. surprised 感到惊讶的修饰人/主语是人
surprising 令人惊讶的修饰物/主语是物
to one’s surprise 使某人吃惊的是……
.
in surprise 吃惊地；惊奇地
hear from 收到......来信hear sb. do sth. （全过程）v. 听（表结果）hear sb. doing sth.（一部分）
hear –heard-heard
hear of /about 听说
housewarming ['ha?s,w?rm??] n. 乔迁庆宴
opening['o?pn??]开幕式，落成典礼
14,。the opening of …… ……的开幕式
.
concert ['kɑ?ns?rt] 音乐会
to the concert 去音乐会
headmaster[?hed'm ? st?r] 校长
event[?'vent]大事，公开活动
guest[ɡest] 客人
calendar['k?l?nd?r] 日历，日程表
daytime ['deta?m] n. 日间，白天
—
高一英语第一讲讲义
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高一英语讲义-非谓语动词讲义
高考英语非谓语动词 定义：在句中充当谓语以外的各种句子成分的动词形式，叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词也是动词的一种，他们有着谓语动词的其他特点，可以充当宾语、定语、主语、状语、补语等 一、非谓语动词基本形式 1. 动词不定式：to do 否定形式：not to do 2. 动名词：doing 否定形式：not doing 现在分词：doing not doing 1. 分词 过去分词：done not done 二、非谓语动词的时态语态变化 1.
* 现在分词表主动和进行，过去分词表被动和完成。 三、非谓语动词的句法功能 （1）二者作主语的差别： 动名词作主语多指抽象的、概念性的动作，可以是多次的、经常性的行为；不定式作主语多表示具体的动作，尤指是某一次的动作。EG. Playing with fire is dangerous. 玩火危险。（泛指玩火） To play with fire will be dangerous. 玩火会发生危险。（指一次具体的动作） （2）下列句型常用动名词作主语 no use/good not any use/good It is/was + of little use/good + doing sth worth EG. It is worth making an appointment before you go. 去之前预约一下是值得的。 （3）下列句型中常用不定式作主语 It + be + 名词+ to do sth. It takes sb. + some time + to do sth. It + be + difficult/easy/hard/important/impossible/necessary ?+ for sb. to do sth. ④ It + be + careless/clever/good/foolish/honest/kind/lazy/silly/wise ?+ of sb. to do sth.
【精品】初二英语下册第一单元讲义
1. What’s the matter (with you)? 怎么了？出什么事了？ 2. I had a cold.我感冒了。 have a stomachache胃疼，肚子疼have a toothache牙疼have a headache头疼 3. 身体部位+ache（疼痛）构成新的复合词 stomach+ache=stomachache head+ache=headache tooth+ache=toothache back+ache=backache后背痛 5. enough【形容、副词】足够的/地good enough足够好， 6. lie down躺下，lie 躺，躺着，过去式lay；lie说谎，过去式lied 或许”，常用于句首，表示可能性，后加句子。Maybe you are right. 7. maybe “ may be，是情态动词+be的结构，意为“可能，也许”，后加名词、代词或形容词。He may be angry. 8. sound like+名词代词和从句：It sounds like you don’t know the truth. It sounds like a good idea. sound+形容词，“听起来，好像”，The music sounds nice. 9. need 需要，实义动词need+名词，需要某物； need to do sth.需要做某事，主语通常是人，表示人主动的动作：You need to listen carefully during class. need doing sth.主语通常是物，表示被动的动作：Your dirty clothes need washing. 10. get off (the bus) 下（公交车）get on 上车 11. agree 同意，赞同；同意做某事 12. trouble问题，麻烦；have trouble (in) doing sth. 。 13. right away=right now=at once，意为。 14. advice [不可数名词]劝告，建议，向,征求意见give sb. advice on sth.就某事给某人建议；advise [动词] advise sb. to do sth. advise sb. doing sth . 15. exercise 动词意为锻炼 16. hurt 及物动词，使,,疼痛，,,受伤，不及物动词，,,（部位）疼。His leg hurt badly. 17. clean 【动词】清洁cleaner意为清洁工 18. hit （用手或器具）打；击打The boy hit the dog with a stone. hit sb. on the head/ nose/ back打某人的头、鼻子、后背，on用在所打较硬的部位； hit sb. in the face/ eye/ stomach 打某人的脸、眼睛、肚子，in用在所打较软的部位。 19. be used to sth./ doing sth.习惯于、适应了,,、做某事，强调状态； His grandpa was used to country life. Mary is not used to getting up early in the morning. 20. free [形容词]空闲的free time；免费的the drink is for free；自由的I want to become a free bird. free【动词】使,,解脱，得到自由He could not free his arm. 21. run out用完，用尽When his water run out, he knew that he would have to do something to save his own life. 物sth. tun out. 某物用尽了。人sb. run out of物sth..人用尽了某物。He run out of all his money last night. 22. risk (sb.) to do sth. 冒险去做某事take a risk=take risks 冒险 23. the importance of (doing) sth.（做）某事的重要性We students should know the importance of (learning) English. importance n. 重要（性），important adj.重要的，unimportant adj.不重要的 24. decision 【名词】决定；抉择； 掌管，管理The headmaster is in the control of this new school. 25. be in the control of … be out of control无法控制，无法管理be under control被控制住，在控制之中 26. mind意为意见；介意 27. give up (doing) sth. 放弃（做）某事，give up (playing) computer games；give up后可接名词、代词和动词ing形式，也可不接，如Never give up easily. 二、重要短语 思考 1. have a cold 感冒8. think about… 2. have a stomachache 肚子痛9. be interested in sth.对某事感兴趣 3. see sb. do sth. 看见某人做某事10. lose one’s life丧生 4. shout for help 呼救11. save one’s life挽救某人生命
高一英语构词法讲义(完整资料)
此文档下载后即可编辑 英语构词法2016.9.24 1. 英语词性的分类及用法 词类又叫词性，英语单词根据其在句子中的功能，可以分为十个大类：? 1. 名词noun n. apple苹果 ? 2. 代词pronoun pron. You你 ? 3. 形容词adjective adj. beautiful漂亮的 ? 4. 副词adverb adv. carefully认真地 ? 5. 动词verb v. cut 砍、割 ? 6. 数词numeral num. three 三 ?7.冠词article art. a 一个 ?8.介词preposition prep. at 在... ?9.连词conjunction conj. and 和 ?10.感叹词interjection interj. oh 哦 名词：表示某些人，某类事物，某种物质或抽象概念的名称。 例如：teacher老师、tea茶、reform改革。 形容词：主要用来修饰名词的词，表示事物的特征。 形容词用来修饰名词或代词，表示人或事物的性质、状态。 例如：good, beautiful, stressful, pleasant, enjoyable 副词：是一种用来修饰动词、形容词、全句的词，说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念的词。可分为：地点副词、方式副词、程度 副词、疑问副词、连接副词 例如：here, home, upstairs, anywhere, everywhere地点副词 what, when, where, how疑问副词 very, quite, almost, much程度副词 动词：不及物动词：vi.（intransitive verb） 后不能直接跟动作的对象（即宾语） vi+prep.+宾语 及物动词：vt.（transitive verb）直接加动作的对象（即宾语） 2. 英语构词法主要有三种：合成、派生与转化。缩写和简写也是构词法的一种。 （1）合成: 有两个或更多的词合成一个词。 A. class + room = classroom (名词+名词) black+ board= blackboard (形容词+名词) B. 复合形容词 warm + heart + ed = warmhearted 热心肠的 good + looking = good-looking 相貌好看的 world +wide= worldwide世界性的 hard+ working=hard-working 努力工作的
初二英语讲义1
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高一英语讲义
Unit 1 Friendship 1. 学习目标及基本要求 Objectives: Students will be able to: a)grasp the mail idea (never delay expressing your true feelings to a friend) and structure of the text (developing a story around a letter); b)appreciate that spoken English is much more informal than written English; c)master key language points and grammatical structures in the text; d)conduct a series of reading, listening, speaking and writing activities related to the theme of the unit. 2. 学习重点及难点： Important language points in the text: 3. 学习内容的深化及拓宽： Students conduct a series of reading, listening, speaking and writing practice to deepen their understanding of the points taught in class. 4. 学习方式及在教学中应注意的问题： A combination of traditional teaching methods with the communicative approach will be adopted. Special attention should be paid to classroom interaction. More encouragement and guidance will be given to the students in their extracurricular study. 1st Period Pre-reading Tasks: 1) Introduction (10 minutes) Students listen to the recording and then answer the questions on page 32. 2) Warm-up Questions: (15 minutes) a)Do you have any friends? b)Why do you think we need friends? c)What kind of people can be regarded as our true friends? d)How do you understand friendship? 3) The text can be divided into 3 parts. Students skim the text and try to find out the main idea for each part (10 minutes) 4) Students scan the text and then answer the questions on page 38. (10 minutes) 2nd Period The teacher explains the following language points to the students(45minutes) Be lost in / lose oneself in; available; or something; estimate; not much of a; correspondence; kind of / sort of; come up; urge; postpone; reference; hang out; mostly; awful; choke up; skip ; keep in/ get in / lose / be in touch with sb. practically
初二年级英语讲义
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高一英语暑期预科讲义
M o d u l e 1 Unit 1 School life School life in the UK Going to a British high school for one year was a very enjoyable and exciting experience for me. I was very happy with the school hours in Britain because school starts around 9 a.m. and ends about 3.30 p.m. This means I could get up an hour later than usual as schools in China begin before 8 a.m. On the first day, all of the new students attended an assembly in the school hall. I sat next to a girl whose name was Diana. We soon became best friends. During the assembly, the headmaster told us about the rules of the school. He also told us that the best way to earn respect was to devote ourselves to study and achieve high grades. This sounded like my school in China. I had many teachers in the past year. Mr. Heywood, my class teacher, was very helpful. My favourite teacher was Miss Burke---I loved the lessons that she gave in English Literature. In our class there were 28 students. This is about the average size for British schools. We had to move to different classrooms for different classes. We also had different students in some classes, so it was a struggle for me to remember all the faces and names. I found that the homework was not as heavy as what I used to get in my old school. However, it was a bit challenging for me at first, because all the homework was in English. I felt lucky, as all my teachers gave me much encouragement and I enjoyed all my subjects: English, History, English Literature, Computer Science, Maths, Science, PE, Art, Cooking and French. My English improved a lot，as I used English every day and spent an hour each day reading English books in the library. I usually went to the Computer Club during the lunch break, so I could send e-mails to my family and friends back home for free. I also had an extra French class on Tuesday evenings. Cooking was really fun as I learnt how to buy, prepare and cook food. At the end of term we held a class party and we all had to cook something. I was glad that all my classmates were fond of the cake that I made. Students at that school have to study Maths, English and Science, but can stop studying some subjects if they do not like them, for example, History and French. They can choose other subjects like Art and Computer Science or Languages such as Spanish and German. In the Art class that I took, I made a small sculpture. Though it did not look very beautiful when it was finished, I still liked it very much. I missed Chinese food a lot at lunch. British food is very different. British people like eating dessert at the end of their main meal. After lunch, we usually played on the school field. Sometimes I played football with the boys. Sometimes I just relaxed under a tree or sat on the grass. I was very lucky to experience this different way of life. I look back on my time in the UK with satisfaction, and I really hope to go back and study in Manchester again. 一、词汇过关填空： 1. Their grades are well above a_____. 2. C______ this book with that one, and you’ll find that one is better. 3. I was s ____at first, but soon I stopped worrying. 4. All the students are making p______ for the word test.
初中英语讲义(教案)： 初二英语 时态讲解 一般过去时
一般过去时 一、导入 二、（1）专题讲解 一般过去时 1、定义：一般过去时表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态，常和表示过去的时间状语 连用；也可表示过去习惯性或经常性的动作和行为。 2、时间状语：yesterday , the day before yesterday , yesterday morning , just now , a moment ago ,two days ago , last night / year / week , before 11:00 , in the past ，at that time 等 3、使用情况： （1) 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。 I got up at 7:00 yesterday. 我昨天7点起床。 (2) 表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。 He always went to work by bus last year. 去年他总是乘公交车去上班。 4.一般现在时的结构及句型变化 结构：一般现在时的结构主要有三种形式： （1)、结构一（谓语动词为be 动词时） 肯定句：主语+be(was ，were)+其它. （注：am,is→was, are→were ） 否定句：主语+be+not+其它. 一般疑问句：Be+主语+其它?
e.g. I was late yesterday. e.g. They were in Bei jing last year. I was not late yesterday. They weren’t in Bei jing last year. Were you late yesterday？Were they in Bei jing last year？ Yes, I was. Yes, they were. No, I wasn't. No, they weren’t am和is在一般过去时中变为was。（was not=wasn’t） are在一般过去时中变为were。（were not=weren’t） (2）、结构二（谓语动词为情态动词时） (注意：情态动词can ，may ，have to 等等。） 肯定句：主语+情态动词过去式+动词原形+其它. 否定句：主语+情态动词过去式+not+动词原形+其它. 一般疑问句：情态动词过去式+主语+动词原形+其它? E.g. The old man could swim 30 years ago. The old man couldn’t swim 30 years ago. Could the old man swim 30 years ago? Yes, he could. No, he couldn’t. 常用情态动词过去式如下： can—could（能，会） may―might（可以） have to―had to（不得不） shall―should（将要）用于第一人称单数 will―would（将要）用于所有人称 (3)、结构三（谓语动词为实义动词时） 肯定句：主语+动词过去式+其它. 否定句：主语+ didn’t +动词原形+其它. 一般疑问句：Did+主语+动词原形+其它？
初二英语个辅讲义
初二英语个辅讲义 Module5 Problems 【学习目标】 I．Module 5 的重点单词、短语的复习、拓展以及应用； II．复习感叹句 【重难点分析】 I．复习重点单词、短语 be able to+动（原）=can 会/能够……all together 一起 win +比赛赢得比赛beat sb./team 打败某人/队 agree to do sth. 同意做某事refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事warn sb. not to do sth.警告某人不要做某事warn sb. about sth./sb.警告某人关于tell sb. about...告诉某人关于……tell sb. the truth 告诉某人真相 be proud of 以……为骄傲have chance to do sth. 有机会做某事send sb. away 把某人送走immediately=at once 立刻 take off 删除/拿走make sure 确信，一定 have a virus 中病毒offer to do sth. 主动要求做某事 at least 至少pocket money 零用钱 after all 毕竟play the solo 表演独奏 be angry with... 生……的气make a mistake 犯错误 use … for doing sth.=use … to do sth. 使用……做某事 prefer to do sth rather than do sth. 宁可……也不愿意…… prefer doing to doing sth. 比起……更喜欢…… Exercise：根据中文提示完成句子 1.那个小男孩拒绝告诉老师真相。 That little boy ________ ________ _______ ________ ________ ________. 2.我们一起送走了小狗。 We ________ the puppy ________ ________ ________.
人教版高一英语必修一Unit1friendship全单元教案上课讲义
Unit 1 friendship Participants: 靳燕，黄洋，董妮娅，仝亚军，李桂秀，吴晓，邹舍龙 School: Tai Zhou No.1 Senior Middle School 1.Teaching aims and demands 类别课程标准要求掌握的项目 话题Friends and friendship; interpersonal relationships 词汇Add point upset ignore calm concern loose cheat reason list share feeling Netherlands German outdoors crazy nature purpose dare thunder entirely power according trust indoors suffer teenager advice questionnaire quiz situation editor communicate habit add up calm down have got to be concerned about walk the dog go through hide away set down a series of on purpose in order to face to face according to get along with fall in love join in 功能 1.态度(attitudes) Are you afraid that---? I’v e grown so crazy about--- dare--- I didn’ｔ 2. 同意和不同意（agreement and disagreement） I agree. I think so. Exactly. think so. I’m afraid not. agree. I don’ｔ I don’ｔ 3.肯定程度（certainty） That’s correct. Of course not. 语法直接引语和间接引语(1): 陈述句和疑问句 1.陈述句 want to set down a series of facts in a diary.” Said Anne. “Ｉd on’ｔ want to set down a series of facts in a diary. ----Anne said that she didn’ｔ 2.一般疑问句 He asked, “Are you leaving tonight?” ---He asked us whether we were leaving that night. 3.特殊疑问句 “When did you go to bed last night?” father said to Anne. --- Father asked Anne when she went to bed the night before. 2.Suggested teaching notes 1). Analyses of the teaching contents This unit is about friendship, and nearly all the teaching materials center
初中英语讲义(教案)：初二英语 时态讲解 一般将来时
一般将来时 一、导入 二、专题讲解 一般将来时 1、定义：一般将来时表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态，或将来某一段时间内经常的动作或状态。 2、结构：（三种） （1） will + do （注：will 为助动词） （2） be going to do （注：going to 永不变） （3） be doing （注：现在进行时表将来） 3、时间状语： tomorrow （明天）， the day after tomorrow （后天）， next year/ month/ week （明年/ 下个月/ 下周）， in the future （将来）， https://www.wendangku.net/doc/b86116346.html,ter （......之后）， soon （不久）， in + 一段时间（在.....之后）， next time （下一次）， this afternoon/ evening/weekend （今天下午/ ....）, tonight （今晚）等等。 4、一般将来时的句型变化： 情况一：will/shall +do ( will 用于各种人称, shall 用于主语为第一人称:I /we ) 1) 肯定句: 主+ will/shall + do+其它. 如：Tom will play football tomorrow. People will have robots in the future. I will/shall be a teacher in 10 years. ( will be a /an +职业名词) 2) 否定句: 主+ will/ shall + not +do+其它.（will not 缩写为won’t ）