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中医英语术语翻译

中医英语术语翻译
中医英语术语翻译

Unit 1

1 中国医药学traditional Chinese medicine; TCM

2中医基础理论basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine

3临床经验clinical experience

4辨证论治treatment based on syndrome differentiation

5杂病miscellaneous diseases

6中药学Chinese pharmacy

7四气五味four properties and five tastes

8针灸acupuncture and moxibustion; acumox

9古代中国哲学classical Chinese philosophy

10汗法sweating therapy; diaphoresis

11下法purgation

12吐法vomiting therapy; emetic therapy

13补土派the School of Reinforcing the Earth

14病因学etiology

15方剂prescription; formula

16医疗实践medical practice

17治疗原则therapeutic principles

18寒凉药物herbs cold and cool in nature

19滋阴降火nourishing yin and reducing fire

20瘀血治病diseases caused by blood stagnation

Unit2

1五脏five zang-organs; five zang-viscera

2六腑six fu-organs

3经络系统system of meridians and collaterals

4整体观念holism

5有机整体organic wholenss

6社会属性social attribute

7开窍(of the five zang-organs) open into

8生长化收藏sprout, grow, transform, ripen and store

9诊断学diagnostics

10邪正关系relationship between pathogenic factors and healthy qi

11治疗学therapeutics

12风寒感冒common cold due to wind and cold

13同病异治different therapeutic methods used to treat the same disease

14异病同治the same therapeutic method used to treat different diseases

15水液代谢平衡balance of water metabolism

16清心火clearing away heart fire

17疾病本质nature of disease

18以左治右treating the left side for curing diseases located on the right side

19从阴引阳drawing yang from yin

20.病在上者下取之treating the lower part for curing diseases located on the upper part Unit 3

1哲学概念philosophical concept

2.相互转化mutual transformation

3.阴平阳秘balance of yin and yang

4.阴阳转化transformation between yin and yang

5.寒极生热extreme cold turning into heat

6.病理变化pathological changes

7.绝对偏盛absolute predominance

8.病机总纲general rule of pathogenesis

9.补其不足supplementing what it lacks of

10.祛风散寒eliminating wind and dispersing cold

11.相互消长mutually inhibiting and promoting;wax and wane between yin and yang

12.相互制约mutually inhibiting and restraining

13.相互依存interdependence

14.阴胜则阳病excess of yin leading to decline of yang

15.相反相成contrary and supplementary to each other

16.有机整体organic whole

17.阳损及阴impairment of yang involving yin

18.阴阳两虚deficiency of both yin and yang

19.虚寒证deficiency cold syndrome

20.潜阳熄风suppressing yang and eliminating wind

Unit4

1 the theory of five elements 五行学说

2 free development 条达舒畅

3 to be generated and to generate生我,我生

4 restraint in generation 生中有制

5 over restriction and counter-restriction相乘相侮

6 Wood over restricts earth because it is deficient.土虚木乘

7 promotion, restriction, inhibition and transformation 生克制化

8 disorder of a mother-organ involving its child-organ 母病及子

9 insufficiency of essence and blood in the liver and kidney 肝肾精血不足

10 blood deficiency in the heart and liver 心肝血虚

11 exuberant fire in the heart心火亢盛

12 insufficiency of liver yin 肝阴不足

13 declination of kidney yang肾阳式微

14 weakness of the spleen and stomach 脾胃虚弱

15 soothing the liver and harmonizing the stomach 平肝和胃

16 between water and fire水火不济

Unit5

1 藏象学说doctrine of visceral manifestations

2 五脏六腑five zang-organs and six fu-organs

3 奇恒之腑extraordinary fu-organs

4 水谷精微nutrients of water and food

5 传化水谷transmitting and transforming water and food

6 贮藏精气storing essence

7 表里关系internal and external relationship

8 治疗效应therapeutic effects

9 临床实践clinical practice

10 藏而不泻storage without discharge

11泻而不藏discharge without storage

12形体诸窍physical build and various orifices

13开窍(of five zang-organs) open into

14精神情志spirit and emotions

15心藏神the heart storing spirit

16肺藏魄the lung storing corporeal soul

17肝藏魂the liver storing ethereal soul

18脾藏意the spleen storing consciousness

19肾藏志the kidney storing will

20其华在面the luster manifesting upon the face

Unit6

1 心主血脉the heart governing blood and vessels

2 心气充沛sufficiency of heart qi

3 面色红润rosy complexion

4 血液充盈sufficiency of blood

5 脉道不利unsmooth vessels

6 面色无华lusterless complexion

7 脉象细弱thin and weak pulse

8 心藏神the heart storing spirit

9 汗血同源sweat and blood sharing the same origin

10 升降出入ascending, descending, going out and going in

11宣发肃降dispersion, purification and descent

12通调水道regulating water passage

13脾主运化the spleen governing transportation and transformation

14水谷精微nutrients of water and food

15水液停滞stoppage of water and fluid

16后天之本acquired base of life

17调畅气机regulating qi activity

18肝气逆上upward adverse flow of liver qi

19先天之精innate essence

20肾主纳气the kidney receiving qi

Unit7

1 奇恒之府extraordinary fu-organs

2 孤俯isolated fu-organ

3 腐熟水谷digest water and food

4 魄门anus

5 肝之余其surplus part of liver qi

6 上焦upper energizer

7 泌别清浊separating the lucid from the turbid

8 食物残渣residue of foods

9 大肠主津The large intestine governs thin body fluid

10精汁(胆汁)bile

11小肠主液The small intestine governs thick body fluid

12初步消化primary digestion

13精气essential qi

14七冲门the seven important portals

15胆主决断The gallbladder is responsible for making judgment

16排泄糟粕discharge waste

17月经来潮occurrence of menstruation

18吸门inhaling portal

19形态中空morphological hollowness

20传化水谷transporting and transforming water and food

Unit8

1 先天禀赋innateness

2 精微物质nutrients; refined substance

3 血液循行blood circulation

4 水液代谢water metabolism

5 气的运动形式way of qi movement

6 气的升降出入ascending, descending, exiting and entering movements of qi

7 气机调畅normal function of qi activity

8生命的原动力primary motive force of life

9 温养腑脏warming and nourishing the viscera

10 腑脏经络之气qi of the viscera and meridians

11气机qi activity

12气化qi transformation

13先天之气innate qi

14后天之气acquired qi

15正气healthy qi

16邪气pathogenic factors

17元气primordial qi

18宗气thoracic qi

19营气nutritive qi

20卫气defensive qi

21腠理striae and interstices

Unit9

1气生血qi promoting the production of blood

2气行血qi promoting the flow of blood

3气摄血qi commanding blood

4血载气blood carrying qi

5血生气blood generating qi

6气生津液qi promoting the production of body fluid

7气行津液qi promoting the flow of body fluid

8气摄津液qi commanding body fluid

9津液载气body fluid carrying qi

10津液生气body fluid generating qi

11津血同源body fluid and blood sharing the same origin

12气随液脱exhaustion of qi due to loss of body fluid

13气随血脱exhaustion of qi due to hemorrhage

14气随津泄loss of qi due to profuse sweating

15气行则血行,气滞则血瘀。Normal flow of qi ensures normal flow of blood while stagnation of qi causes stagnation of blood.

16气为血帅,血为气母。Qi commands the blood and the blood carries qi.

17气行则水行,气滞则水滞。Normal flow of qi ensures normal flow of body fluid while stagnation of qi causes stagnation of body fluid.

18益气固脱nourishing qi to stop collapse

19亡血家不可发汗Sweating therapy should be not be used to treat patients suffering from hemorrhage.

20夺血者无汗Sweating therapy should not be used to treat hemorrhage.

Unit10

1 经络学说theory of meridians and collaterals

2 经络系统system of meridians and collaterals

3 十二正经twelve regular meridians

4 奇经八脉eight extraordinary vessels (meridians)

5 别络divergent collaterals

6 十二经筋tendons of the twelve regular meridians

Unit11

1 外感六淫six excesses pathogenic factors

2 饮食劳倦improper diet and overstrain

5. 内生五邪five endogenous pathogenic factors

6. 风邪外袭pathogenic wind attacking the exterior

8. 风为百病之长wind being the leading-factor

9. 感受寒邪invaded by pathogenic cold

11寒性凝滞cold tending to stagnate by nature

15.脾阳不振inactivation of spleen-yang

17热极生风extreme heat producing wind

18.七情内伤internal injury due to seven emotions

19.饮食不节improper diet

20.暴饮暴食engorgement

Unit12

1 疾病的发生发展与变化occurrence, development, and changes of disease

2 体质强弱(body )constitutional state

3 气血功能紊乱dysfunction of qi and blood

4 多种多样的病理变化various pathological changes

5 邪正盛衰exuberance or decline of pathogenic factors and healthy qi/ strength contrast between pathogenic factors and healthy qi

6 病症的虚实变化deficiency or excess changes of disease /transformation between deficiency and excess during a disease

7 人体的抗病能力the human bod y’ resistance against diseases

8 五心烦热feverish sensation over the five centers (palms, soles, and chest)

9 虚实夹杂deficiency complicated with excess

10 疾病转归turnover of disease/prognosis of disease

11 阴阳偏盛relative predominance of yin or yang

12五志过极extreme changes of five emotions

13精气夺则虚depletion of essence causing deficiency

14阴阳互损mutual consumption of yin and yang

15真热假寒或假寒真热true heat and false cold; false cold and true heat

16气机淤滞不畅stagnation of qi activity

17津液代谢失调disorder of fluid metabolism

18寒从中生endogenous cold/ cold originating from the interior

19津伤化燥fluid consumption producing dryness

20风气内动stirring of endogenous wind/disturbance of endogenous wind

Unit13

1. 神色形态spirit, complexion, and physical conditions

2.精神活动mental activities

3.精充气足sufficient essence and abundant qi

4.表情淡漠apathetic facial expressions

5.饥不欲食hunger without appetite

6.面部表情facial expressions

7. 脉象pulse manifestations

Unit15

1 辨证论治treatment with syndrome differentiation/ treatment according to syndrome differentiation

2 表里同病disease involving both exterior and interior/ simultaneous disorder of exterior and interior

3 寒热错杂simultaneous occurrence of cold and heat/ mixture of cold and heat

4 里邪出表regression of interior pathogenic factors to the exterior

5 真寒假热true cold and false heat

6 恶寒与恶热aversion to cold and aversion to heat

7 口淡不渴tasteless sensation in the mouth without thirst

8 寒邪郁而化热transformation of stagnated pathogenic cold into heat

9 外感表虚exterior-deficiency syndrome due to exogenous pathogens

10五心烦热feverish sensation over five centers

11病位与病性location and nature of disease

12虚实夹杂mixture of deficiency and excess/co-existence of deficiency and excess

13外邪入里invasion of exterior pathogenic factors into the interior

14寒证化热cold syndrome transforming into heat syndrome

15真假寒热true heat and false cold

16热证转寒heat syndrome transforming into cold syndrome

17舌淡苔白而润滑pale tongue with white, moist and slippery fur

18脉数无力rapid and weak pulse

19潮热盗汗tidal fever and night sweating

20神昏谵语coma with delirium

学术英语医学Unit1-3-7-9课文翻译

学术英语unit1,unit3,unit4,unit9课文翻译 Unit 1 Text A 神经过载与千头万绪的医生 患者经常抱怨自己的医生不会聆听他们的诉说。虽然可能会有那么几个医生确实充耳不闻,但是大多数医生通情达理,还是能够感同身受的人。我就纳闷为什么即使这些医生似乎成为批评的牺牲品。我常常想这个问题的成因是不是就是医生所受的神经过载。有时我感觉像变戏法,大脑千头万绪,事无巨细,不能挂一漏万。如果病人冷不丁提个要求,即使所提要求十分中肯,也会让我那内心脆弱的平衡乱作一团,就像井然有序同时演出三台节目的大马戏场 突然间崩塌了一样。有一天,我算过一次常规就诊过程中我脑子里有多少想法在翻腾,试图据此弄清楚为了完满完成一项工作,一个医生的脑海机灵转动,需 要处理多少个细节。 奥索里奥夫人 56 岁,是我的病人。她有点超重。她的糖尿病和高血压一直控制良好,恰到好处。她的胆固醇偏高,但并没有服用任何药物。她锻炼不够多,最后一次 DEXA 骨密度检测显示她的骨质变得有点疏松。尽管她一直没有爽约,按时看病,并能按时做血液化验,但是她形容自己的生活还有压力。总的说来,她健康良好,在医疗实践中很可能被描述为一个普通患者,并非过于复杂。 以下是整个 20 分钟看病的过程中我脑海中闪过的念头。 她做了血液化验,这是好事。

血糖好点了。胆固醇不是很好。可能需要考虑开始服用他汀类药物。 她的肝酶正常吗? 她的体重有点增加。我需要和她谈谈每天吃五种蔬果、每天步行 30 分钟的事。 糖尿病:她早上的血糖水平和晚上的比对结果如何?她最近是否和营养师谈过?她是否看过眼科医生?足科医生呢? 她的血压还好,但不是很好。我是不是应该再加一种降血压的药?药片多了是否让她困惑?更好地控制血压的益处和她可能什么药都不吃带来的风险孰重孰轻? 骨密度 DEXA 扫描显示她的骨质有点疏松。我是否应该让她服用二磷酸盐,因为这可以预防骨质疏松症?而我现在又要给她加一种药丸,而这种药需要详细说明。也许留到下一次再说吧? 她家里的情况怎么样呢?她现在是否有常见的生活压力?亦或她有可能有抑郁症或焦虑症?有没有时间让她做个抑郁问卷调查呢? 健康保养:她最后一次乳房 X 光检查是什么时候做的?子宫颈抹片呢? 50 岁之后是否做过结肠镜检查?过去 10 年间她是否注射过破伤风加强疫苗?她是否符合接种肺炎疫苗的条件? 奥索里奥夫人打断了我的思路,告诉我过去的几个月里她一直背痛。从她的角度来看,这可能是她此次就诊最要紧的事。但事实是,她让我如火如荼的思绪戛然而止(当时我正在考虑她的血糖问题,继而又有了一个念头,准备和她讨论饮食和锻炼的事,这时又跳出了另一个想法,要和她探讨是否开始服用他汀类药物)。我的本能反应是举手,阻止她打断我的思路。这并不是说我不想听她一定要说的话,而是我千头万绪,在到点前需要解决所这些问题,这种感

中医英语术语翻译重点教学文案

中医英语术语翻译重 点

中医英语术语翻译重点 天人相应Correspondence of human body and natural environment 辨证论治treatment based onsyndrome differentiation 针灸acupuncture and moxibustion 寒凉药物herbs cold and cool in nature 滋阴降火nourishing yin and reducing fire 整体观念concept of holism 开窍(of the five zang-organs) open into 生长化收藏sprout, grow, transform, ripen and store 同病异治different therapeutic methods used to treat the same disease 异病同治same therapeutic method used to treating different diseases 从阴引阳drawing yang from yin 阴平阳秘balance of yin and yang 寒极生热extreme cold generating heat 热极生寒 extreme heat gernerating cold 病机总纲general rule of pathogenesis 祛风散寒eliminating wind and dispersing cold 实则泻之treating excess syndromes with reduction 虚寒证deficiency cold syndrome 实热症 excess heat syndrome 潜阳熄风suppressing yang and eliminating wind 补其不足 supplement insufficiency 泻其有余 reduce excess 五行学说the theory of five elements 木曰曲直wood characterized by bending and straightening 火曰炎上fire characterized by flaring up 土爰稼穑earth characterized by sowing and reaping 金曰从革metal characterized by clearing and changing 水曰润下water characterized by moistening and descending 母病及子illness of mother viscera affecting the child one 子病及母illness of child viscera affecting the mother one 相乘相侮over restriction and counter-restriction 心火亢盛exuberant fire in the heart 肾阳式微declination of kidney yang 平肝和胃soothing the liver and harmonizing the stomach 水火不济between water and fire 奇恒之腑extraordinary fu-organs 藏象学说the theory of visceral manifestation 藏而不泻storage without discharge 泻而不藏discharge without storage 形体诸窍physical build and various orifices

中医英语答案1到4单元

第一课 一.术语翻译 1. traditional Chinese medicine; TCM 中国医药学 2. basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine 中医基础理论 3. clinical experience临床经验 4. treatment based on syndrome differentiation 辨证论治 5. miscellaneous diseases杂病 6. Chinese pharmacy 中药学 7. four properties and five tastes/flavors四气五味 8. acupuncture and moxibustion; acumox 针灸 9. classical Chinese philosophy古代中国哲学 10. sweating therapy; diaphoresis汗法 11. purgation 下法 12. vomiting therapy; emetic therapy 吐法 13. the School of Reinforcing the Earth补土派 14. etiology 病因学 15. prescription; formula 方剂 16. medical practice 医疗实践 17. therapeutic principles 治疗原则 18. herbs cold and cool in nature 寒凉药物 19. nourishing yin and reducing fire滋阴降火 20. diseases caused by blood stagnation瘀血致病 二.句子翻译 1.TCM has a history of thousands of years and is a summary of the Chinese people’s experience in their struggle against diseases. 中国医药学有数千年的历史,是中国人民长期同疾病作斗争的经验总结。 2. TCM has a unique and integrated theoretical system. 中医学有完整独特的理论体系。 3. TCM is a science that studies the rules of life as well as the occurrence, progress, prevention and treatment of diseases. 中医学是研究人的生命规律以及疾病的发生发展和防治规律的一门科学。 4. Huangdi’s Canon of Medicine has laid a solid foundation for the formation of theoretical system of traditional Chinese medicine. 《黄帝内经》为中医学理论体系的形成奠定了基础。 5. Classic of Difficulties has supplemented what was unaddressed in the Huangdi’s Canon of Medicine in many respects, especially in pulse lore. 《难经》在许多方面,尤其是在脉学上,补充了《黄帝内经》的不足。 6. Discussion on the Causes and Symptoms of Various Diseases is the earliest extant monograph on the causes and symptoms of diseases in China. 《诸病源候论》是中医学最早的一部病因症候学专著。 7. Yang is usually excessive while yin is frequently deficient. 阳常有余,阴常不足。 8.Internal impairment of the spleen and stomach causes various diseases.

医学英语_课文翻译

Unit One Text A:Hippocratic Oath, The Medical Ideal 或许在医学史上最持久的,被引用最多次的誓言就是”希波克拉底誓言”.这个以古希腊著名医师希波克拉底命名的誓言,被作为医师道德伦理的指导纲领.虽然随着时代的变迁,准确的文字已不可考,但誓言的主旨却始终如一——尊敬那些将毕生知识奉献于医学科学的人,尊重病人,尊重医师尽己所能治愈病人的承诺。 作为被大家公认的”医学之父”,我们对希波克拉底知之甚少.他生活于约公元前460-380年,作为一名职业医师,与苏格拉底是同代人.在他的时代,他被推举为当时最著名的医师和医学教育者.收录了超过60篇论文的专著——希波克拉底文集,被归于他的名下;但是其中有些论文的内容主旨相冲突,并成文于公元前510-300年,所以不可能都是出自他之手. 这个宣言是以希波克拉底命名的,虽然它的作者依然存在疑问。根据医学历史权威的看法,这个宣言的内容是在公元前四世纪起草的,这使希波克拉底自己起草这个宣言成为可能。无论如何,不管是否是希波克拉底自己起草的(希波克拉底宣言),这个宣言的内容都反映了他在医学伦理上的看法。 作为代表当时希腊观点的唯一一小部分,希波克拉底誓言首次被写时并没有受到很好的欢迎。然而,在那远古时代结束时,医生们开始遵循誓言的条款。当科学医学在罗马帝国衰亡后遭受一显而易见的衰退时,这个誓言,连同希波克拉底医学的指示命令,在西方都几乎被遗忘是有可能的。正是通过东方坚持不懈的探索精神,使得希波克拉底医学信念和希波克拉底宣言得以在这一恶化的时期幸存下来,尤其是通过阿拉伯当局在医学上的著作。希腊医学知识而后在西方基督教复活是通过了阿拉伯文论著和原始希腊文的拉丁文翻译。 到17世纪后期,专业行为标准已经在西方世界建立。被专业组织通过的第一部医学伦理学的法典是由英国内科医生托马斯·珀西瓦尔(1740 - 1804)1794年编写的, 并在1846年被改编和通过了美国医学协会(AMA)。Thomas Percival提出的道德规范为职业医师提供了金标准,主宰着医生们服务他人时的道德权威和独立性以及医生对病人的责任,还有医生的个人荣誉。 6.The seeds had been sown by Hippocrates - or one of his ghost writers. 种子已经被希波克拉底或者他的代笔者们所播种。 7.二战之后,由于在罪犯身上进行骇人听闻的医学实验而违反了医学伦理准则,23位来自行德国纳粹集中营的医生被判有罪。这一事件导致了纽伦堡宣言的诞生(1947),这意味着关于人类受试者的道德治疗的讨论的开启,概述了在医学研究中关于这些受试者权益的道德问题。这反过来导致1948年世界医学协会通过了维也纳宣言的宣誓。 Contemporary dilemmas in the Modern World

最全中医术语英文大全

[学科] 中医①traditional Chinese medicine②traditional Chinese physician ①中医学的简称。 ②本学科专业职业队伍。 中药Chinese materia medica 在中医理论指导下应用的药物。包括中药材、中药饮片和中成药等。 中医学traditional Chinese medicine 以中医药理论与实践经验为主体,研究人类生命活动中健康与疾病转化规律及其预防、诊断、治疗、康复和保健的综合性科学。 中药学Chinese materia medica 中药学科的统称。研究中药基本理论和各种药材饮片、中成药的来源、采制、性能、功效、临床应用等知识的学科。 中医药traditional Chinese medicine and pharmacology 本草:Materia medica 中药:Chinese materia medica,Chinese medicinals(包括植物药、动物药、矿物药等) 中草药:Chinese Herbal Medicine,Chinese medicinal herbs 中药学:Chinese pharmaceutics 药材:Medicinal substance(material) 中西医结合integration of traditional and western medicine 中医基础理论basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine 中医诊断学diagnostics of traditional Chinese medicine 方剂学 prescriptions of Chinese materia medica, Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae/ prescriptions 中医内科学internal medicine of traditional Chinese medicine [阴阳]The Theory of Yin and Yang 阴阳对立:Opposition of yin and yang 阴阳制约:Restriction of /between yin and yang 阴阳互根:Interdependence of yin and yang 阴阳消长:Waxing and waning of yin and yang 阴阳转化:Inter-transformation of yin and yang [五行学说]The Theory of Five Elements 五行:water,fire,wood,metal,soil 生:promote, generate, engender 克:act, restrict, restrain 乘:overact, over-restrict, over-restrain, subjugate, overwhelm 侮:counteract, counter-restrict, counter-restrain, rebel [整体观念] concept of organic wholeness 辩证法dialectics 生长化收藏sprouting, growth,transformation,ripening,storage 内外环境统一性the unity between the internal and external environments 机体自身整体性the integrity of the body itself 古代唯物论和辩证法classic Chinese materialism and dialectics 矛盾统一the contradictory unity 互相联系、相互影响related to each other and influence each other

中医英语翻译重点

中医英语翻译句子翻译重点 1.由于证包括了病变的部位、原因、性质以及邪正关系,反映出疾病发展过程中某一阶段的病理变化的本质,因而它比症状更全面、更深刻、更正确地揭示了疾病的本质。 Since syndrome, covering the location, cause and nature of disease and conditions of healthy and pathogenic qi, indicates the nature of pathological changes in a phase during the disease progress, it more comprehensively, profoundly and correctly uncovers the nature of disease than symptom does. 2.所谓辨证,就是将四诊(望、闻、问、切)所收集的资料、症状和体征,通过分析、综合、辨清疾病的原因、性质、部位以及邪正之间的关系,概括、判断为某种性质的证。 The so-called syndrome differentiation refers to the process of figuring out the location, cause and nature of disease and conditions of healthy and pathogenic qi by analyzing the information, symptoms and signs of the patients collected by four examinations including inspection, listening and smelling examination, inquiry and palpation, and finally identifying the disease as a certain syndrome. 3.辨证和论治,是诊治疾病过程中相互关系不可分割的两个方面,是理论和实践相结合的体现,是理法方药在临床上的具体体现,是指导中医临床工作的基本原则。 Syndrome differentiation and treatment, correlated and inseparable in diagnosing and treating disease, show the combination of theory and practice, and application of principles, methods, formulas and medicinals to clinical practice, and serve as the fundamental principle to guide clinical practice of traditional Chinese medicine. 4.阴阳学说认为,世界是物质性的整体,世界本身是阴阳二气对立统一的结果。

医学英语课文翻译

Unit One Text A: Hippocratic Oath, The Medical Ideal 或许在医学史上最持久的,被引用最多次的誓言就是”希波克拉底誓言”.这个以古希腊著名医师希波克拉底命名的誓言,被作为医师道德伦理的指导纲领.虽然随着时代的变迁,准确的文字已不可考,但誓言的主旨却始终如一——尊敬那些将毕生知识奉献于医学科学的人,尊重病人,尊重医师尽己所能治愈病人的承诺。 作为被大家公认的”医学之父”,我们对希波克拉底知之甚少.他生活于约公元前460-380年,作为一名职业医师,与苏格拉底是同代人.在他的时代,他被推举为当时最著名的医师和医学教育者.收录了超过60篇论文的专著——希波克拉底文集,被归于他的名下;但是其中有些论文的内容主旨相冲突,并成文于公元前510-300年,所以不可能都是出自他之手. 这个宣言是以希波克拉底命名的,虽然它的作者依然存在疑问。根据医学历史权威的看法,这个宣言的内容是在公元前四世纪起草的,这使希波克拉底自己起草这个宣言成为可能。无论如何,不管是否是希波克拉底自己起草的(希波克拉底宣言),这个宣言的内容都反映了他在医学伦理上的看法。 作为代表当时希腊观点的唯一一小部分,希波克拉底誓言首次被写时并没有受到很好的欢迎。然而,在那远古时代结束时,医生们开始遵循誓言的条款。当科学医学在罗马帝国衰亡后遭受一显而易见的衰退时,这个誓言,连同希波克拉底医学的指示命令,在西方都几乎被遗忘是有可能的。正是通过东方坚持不懈的探索精神,使得希波克拉底医学信念和希波克拉底宣言得以在这一恶化的时期幸存下来,尤其是通过阿拉伯当局在医学上的著作。希腊医学知识而后在西方基督教复活是通过了阿拉伯文论著和原始希腊文的拉丁文翻译。 到17世纪后期,专业行为标准已经在西方世界建立。被专业组织通过的第一部医学伦理学的法典是由英国内科医生托马斯·珀西瓦尔(1740 - 1804)1794年编写的, 并在1846年被改编和通过了美国医学协会(AMA)。Thomas Percival提出的道德规范为职业医师提供了金标准,主宰着医生们服务他人时的道德权威和独立性以及医生对病人的责任,还有医生的个人荣誉。 种子已经被希波克拉底或者他的代笔者们所播种。 二战之后,由于在罪犯身上进行骇人听闻的医学实验而违反了医学伦理准则,23位来自行德国纳粹集中营的医生被判有罪。这一事件导致了纽伦堡宣言的诞生(1947),这意味着关于人类受试者的道德治疗的讨论的开启,概述了在医学研究中关于这些受试者权益的道德问题。这反过来导致1948年世界医学协会通过了维也纳宣言的宣誓。 誓言的重申一直是个问题。医学伦理相当复杂。他们必须平衡病人的期望、社会需求和禁忌、经济和政治现实以及并不断发展的医学和科学知识之间的关系。例如,当初的誓言要求无论在任何情况下患者都应得到治愈。然而,在双盲试验中使用安慰剂是在药物开发必不可少的,但却意味着医生没有试图进行治疗。而当初的誓言,也将禁止病人分流治疗。病人分流治疗用于战争或灾害时根据病人的生存机会优先进行治疗。对有或没有医疗保险的病人进行不同的医疗保健是不可能的。使用高剂量毒性药物进行化疗的某些危险形式将被禁止。最后,能够减轻身处无法治愈境地的病人痛苦的安乐死被当初的誓言所禁止。 因此,人们争辩自希波克拉底的时代以后,原始的希波克拉底誓言在一个发生了翻天覆地的社会经济、政治和道德变革的社会是无效的。这指引我们对誓言进行修改,使其更适合我们的时代。四个当今使用最广泛的版本是:日内瓦宣言(前文已提及);迈蒙尼德的祷告;Lasagna宣言;修复后的希波克拉底宣言.虽然他们的措辞和内容不同,主要原则是一样的

中医英语翻译

中国医药学:traditi onal Chines e me dicin e 中医基础理论:basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine 临床经验:clinical experience 辨证论治:treatment based on syndrome differentiation 本草:materia medica国医药学有数千年的历史,是中国人民长期同疾病作斗争的经验总结。 TCM, a medical system with a history of thousands years,has summarized the experience of the Chinese people accumulating in the struggle against diseases. 2.中医学在古代唯物论和辩证法思想的影响和指导下,通过长期的医疗实践,逐步形成并发展为独特的医学理论体系。 Under the influence and guidance of classical Chinese materialism and dialectics,tradition Chinese medicine has eventually evolved into a medical system with unique theory through long term medical practice. 3.中医学是研究人体生理病理以及疾病的诊断和防 治的一门科学。 Tradition Chinese medicine is a science focusing on the study of the physiology and pathology of the human body as well as the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of disease. 4.黄帝内经总结了春秋战国以来的医疗成就和治疗 经验,确立了中医学独特的理论体系,成为中医药学发展的基础。 The Huangdi’s Canon of Medicine has summed up the medical achievements and clinical experiences since the Spring-Autumn Period and Warring States ,establishing the unique theoretical system of TCM and laying the foundation for the development of TCM 5.难经内容十分丰富,补充了内经的不足,成为后 世指导临床实践的理论基础。 The Canon on Medical Problems is rich in content, supplementing what the Huangdi’s Canon of Medicine lacks and serving as the theoretical basis for the clinical practice of the latter generations 6.阴常有余,阳常不足。 Yang is frequently in excess while yin is often in deficiency 7.温病是研究四时温病的发生发展规律以及其诊治 方法的一门临床学科。 Epedemic febrile disease is a clinical specialty concentrating on the study of the occurrence , developing tendency , diagnosis and treatment of febrile diseases in the four seasons. 8.中医在其长期的发展过程中,形成了各家学说In its long course of development, TCM has developed into various schools of theories. 9.内伤脾胃,百病由生。 The interior impairment of the spleen and stomach would bring about the occurrence of various diseases. 10.中药不但包含有草药,而且包含有矿物药和动物 药等。 Chinese materia medica includes not only medicinal herbs but also minerals and animal parts. 1.中医学在其形成过程中受到了古代唯物论和辩证 法思想的深刻影响。 During the long course of its development and practice , tradition Chinese medicine has been under the influence of classical Chinese materialism and dialectics. 2.中医学认为,世界是物质的,是阴阳二气相互作 用的结果 Tradition Chinese medicine holds that the world is material and is the result of the interaction of yin and yang 3.天地合气,命之曰人 The existence of human beings depends on the interaction between the celestial qi and terrestrial qi 4.中医学认为精气是生命的本原物质,这种精气先 身而生,具有遗传性 According to tradition Chinese medicine, essence is the essential substance for life. Such an essential substance exists prior to the formation of the body and is hereditary 5.父母之精气相合,形成胚胎发育的原始物质The combination of the parental essence is the primary substance for the formation of fetus 人体各组织器官共处于统一体中,不论在生理上还 是在病理上都是相互联系相互影响的All the tissues and organs in the human body are in a unity which associate with each other and influence each other both physiologically and pathologically 疾病是可以认识的,也是可以防治的 Diseases are cognizable, preventable and curable. 治病必须抓住疾病的根本矛盾,即所谓的治病必求 于本The treatment of disease must focus on the root cause. That is what “the treatment of disease must concentrate on the principal aspect “ means 寒者热之,热者寒之,虚者补之,实者泻之 Cold disease should be treated by warm therapy, while febrile disease should be treated by cold therapy, deficiency syndrome should be treated by supplementing therapy, while excess syndrome should be treated by purgative therapy 人是自然界的一个组成部分,并与自然界有着密切 的联系 Human being is one of the components in nature and keeps close relationship with nature 人的生命活动过程就是人体阴阳对立双方在不断地 矛盾运动中取得统一的过程 The process of life activity is a course in which yin and yang in the human body realize unity after constant contradictory movement 1.中医理论体系的基本特点就是整体观念和辨证论 治TCM is characterized by the concept of organic wholeness and treatment based on syndrome differentiation. 2.中医学认为人体是一个有机的整体 Tradition Chinese medicine holds that the human body is an organic whole. 3.人体各组成部分在功能上相互为用,在病理上相 互影响The components of human body functionally depend on each other and pathologically affect each other 4.整体观念贯穿于中医生理病理诊法辩证和治疗的 各个方面 The concept of holism permeates through all the fields in TCM, including physiology, pathology, diagnosis, syndrome differentiation and treatment. 5.人体某一局部区域内的病理变化往往与全身脏腑 气血阴阳的盛衰有关 The pathological changes in certain part or region of the human body are usually related to the conditions of viscera, qi and blood as well as yin and yang in the whole body 6.人体内部脏腑的虚实气血的盛衰和津液的盈亏都 可呈现于舌The condition of the viscera, qi , blood and body fluid all can be manifested over the tongue 7.心开窍于舌并与小肠相表里 The heart opens into the tongue and is exteriorly and interiorly related to the small intestine 8.人与天地相应 The human beings are in correspondence with the universe 9.春夏脉多浮大,秋冬脉多沉小 In the spring and summer, the pulse appears floating and large, while in the autumn and winter, the pulse appears deep and small 10.人体阳气白天多趋于表,夜晚多趋于里 The yang-qi in the human body tends to flow in the exterior in daytime and in the interior at night

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