人教版八年级英语上册暑假预科班语法单词讲义
Unit1 Where did you go on vacation 一．语法：(一般过去时)
1.定义：表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。
was / were +…… 2．结构: 主语+ am, is are
V 过+…… 3.V.过的变化规则： ①直接加ed
②以e 结尾直接加d
③以“辅+y ”结尾，变y 为i 再加ed
④ 以“辅元辅”结尾，双写最后一个辅音字母，再加ed ⑤ 不规则（重点）
4.标志词：
①yesterday (yesterday morning , the day before yesterday …..) ②……ago (six hours ago, one year ago, two months ago ……) ③last+时间（last year, last month ,last week ,last weekend ……） ④in the past 在过去
句尾 ⑤in those days 在那些天
⑥just now 刚才
⑦at that time 在那时 ⑧this morning 今天早上
⑨over the weekend 整个周末
⑩今天以前的任何时间（in 2018 ， in the 1960s ……）
二．词汇：
anyone ['eniw ?n] pron. 任何人 something ['s ?m θ??] pron. 某事物；
nothing ['n ?θ??] pron. 没有什么n. 没有 everyon e ['evriw ?n] pron. 每人；人人 someone ['s ?m w ?n] pron. 某人；有人
1. 不定代词：
指人：everyone someone anyone no one everybody somebody anybody nobody
指物：everything something anything nothing
用法： ①作主语，V 单
② 不定代词+adj. someone 变anyone
③ 在否定句和疑问句中: somebody 变anybody
something 变anything
anywhere ['eniwe ?(r)] adv.任何地方n.任何(一个)地方
dislike doing sth.(不喜欢干某事)have a good time=enjoy oneself=have fun 玩得痛快 Central Park 中央公园
Tian'anmen square 天安门广场 the Palace Museum 故宫博物院
Unit2 How often do you exercise? 一．语法：(频度副词和次数的表达)
（一）.频度副词
always > usually > often>sometimes > seldom > hardly ever > never 100% 80% 60% 30% 10% 5% 0%
share [?e ?(r)] vt.分享，共享；分配；共有
14. share sth. with sb. 和某人分享某物
share in sth. 共同分担某事
similar ['s ?m ?l ?(r)] adj. 类似的 be similar to 类似于；与...相似
primary ['pra ?m ?ri] adj.最初的，最早的 primary school 小学
information [??nf ?'me ??n] n.信息；情报；资料；通知
16. information 不可名
Unit4 What's the best movie theater? 一． 语法：(adj.&adv.最高级)
1.定义：表示三者或以上同类事物之间的比较 ①主+谓+the+最高级+范围
②主+谓+比+than+any other+名单+范围 2.结构 ③One of +the +形高名复 is ……
④ the +序数词+形高名单 is ……
⑤主+谓+the +最高级+名词+I have ever ……
theater ['θ??t?] n.剧场；电影院；戏院comfortable['k?mft?bl] adj.舒适的；充裕的comfortably['k?mft?bli] a d v.舒服地；容易地；充裕地seat[si?t] n.座位；
1.have a seat =sit down 坐下
sit v.坐(sat)
screen[skri?n] n.屏幕；银幕
close[kl?s]v.关；合拢；不开放；停业
2.be close to …… 离……近
close v.关?→ open v. 打开
ticket n.票
worse[w??s] adj.更坏的；更差的
worst[w??st] adj.最坏的；最差的
cheaply['t?i?pli] adv.廉价地；粗俗地
3. cheap adj.便宜的?→ expensive/dear adj.昂贵的
song[s??] n.歌曲；歌唱
choose[t?u?z]v.选择；决定
5.choose-chose-chosen
carefully['ke?f?li] adv.小心地，认真地
6.careful adj. ?→ carefully adv.
careless adj. ?→ carelessly adv. 粗心地
reporter[r?'p??t?(r)] n.记者
so far到目前为止；迄今为止
fresh [fre?] adj.新鲜的；清新的
service['s??v?s] n.服务
paper['pe?p?r] n. 纸
1.paper n.纸不可名（ a piece of paper 一张纸）
paper n. 试卷可名
pollute[p?'lu?t] v.污染
pollution[p?'lu??n] n. 污染；污染物prediction[pr?'d?k?n] n.预测
future['fju?t??r]n. 未来
2. in the future 在将来；在未来
in f uture 今后；以后
environment[?n'va?r?nm?nt] n.环境
3.prote ct the e nvironment 保护环境
planet['pl?n?t] 行星
earth[??rθ] n.地球；泥土
3.on the earth 在地球上save the earth 拯救地球
世界上独一无二的事物前必须用the
如：the sun the world the moon 等
plant[pl?nt] v.种植， n. 植物
part[pɑ?rt] v.参加，部分
play a park 参与（某事）
5. play a park in doing sth. 参与做某事
peace[pi?s] n.和平? peaceful adj. 和平的
sea[si] n. 海；海洋；许多；大量
4. at sea 在海上 by sea 坐船
in the sea 在海里
16.on one side of…… 在……的一边
o n both sides of…… 在……的两边
side by side 并排；并肩
word[w??rd] n.单词；
probably['prɑ?b?bli] adv.大概；或许；很可能during['d?r??] prep. 在…的时候，在…的期间holiday['hɑ?l?de?] n.假日
17. holiday 休假（指法定节假日）
vacation 假期（工作或学习中一段很长时间的休息）
Unit 9 Can you come to my party? 一．语法：(情态动词)
(一)．常见的情态动词有：
can -------- could (能；可以) will--------would（将要）
may--------might (也许) shall （将要；必须；应该）
should(应该) ought to (应该)
had better （最好）must（必须）need (需要)
have to (不得不) mustn’t（禁止）needn’t(不必)
(二)．情态动词的用法
1.Must I ……? 肯定回答：yes , you must
否定回答：No,you needn’t /No，you don’t have to 2.表推测：
must ,will , would , ought to , should , can , could , may , might
7.Would you like……? 肯定回答：Yes, please/ Yes, I ‘d love to .
否定回答：No, thanks
daytime ['deta?m] n. 日间，白天
Unit10. If you go to the party,
you 'll have a great time! 语法：if引导的条件状语从句
三．解析宾语从句
1.定义：充当宾语成分的句子叫宾语从句
2.时态：①主现从任
②主过从过
③从真永现
①陈述句用that（可省略）
3.引导词②一般疑问句用if/whether
③特殊疑问句用特殊疑问词
四．解析定语从句（定从的引导词没有what）考点：先行词和引导词的关系
人who /that
名词which/that
地点where
时间when
mile [ma?l] n. 英里；一英里赛跑；较大的距离
angry ['??ɡri] adj. 生气的，发怒的
4.be angry with sb.生某人的气
be angry at/about sth.
understanding [??nd?r'st ? nd??] adj.善解人意的，体谅人的5.derstand v. 理解弄清楚（understood）
mistake[m?'ste?k] n. 错误，失误
6make mistakes 犯错误
make a mistake in sth. 在某方面犯错误
himself [h?m's?lf] pron. 他自己；他亲自，他本人
careful['kerfl] 小心的，细致的
careless ['kerl?s] adj. 粗心的，不小心的
solve [sɑ?lv] 解决；解答7. solve the problem 解决问题
step [st?p] n. 步，脚步；步骤；v。走，迈步；踩
trust[tr?st] 相信，信任
experience [?k'sp?ri?ns] n. 信任，经历
8. experience 可名经历
不可名经验
in half 分成两半,一半
halfway [?h ? f'we?] 中途的a d v.半路地
else[els] 别的，其他的
10. 特殊疑问词+else
不定代词+else
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Unit 1 Friendship 1. 学习目标及基本要求 Objectives: Students will be able to: a)grasp the mail idea (never delay expressing your true feelings to a friend) and structure of the text (developing a story around a letter); b)appreciate that spoken English is much more informal than written English; c)master key language points and grammatical structures in the text; d)conduct a series of reading, listening, speaking and writing activities related to the theme of the unit. 2. 学习重点及难点： Important language points in the text: 3. 学习内容的深化及拓宽： Students conduct a series of reading, listening, speaking and writing practice to deepen their understanding of the points taught in class. 4. 学习方式及在教学中应注意的问题： A combination of traditional teaching methods with the communicative approach will be adopted. Special attention should be paid to classroom interaction. More encouragement and guidance will be given to the students in their extracurricular study. 1st Period Pre-reading Tasks: 1) Introduction (10 minutes) Students listen to the recording and then answer the questions on page 32. 2) Warm-up Questions: (15 minutes) a)Do you have any friends? b)Why do you think we need friends? c)What kind of people can be regarded as our true friends? d)How do you understand friendship? 3) The text can be divided into 3 parts. Students skim the text and try to find out the main idea for each part (10 minutes) 4) Students scan the text and then answer the questions on page 38. (10 minutes) 2nd Period The teacher explains the following language points to the students(45minutes) Be lost in / lose oneself in; available; or something; estimate; not much of a; correspondence; kind of / sort of; come up; urge; postpone; reference; hang out; mostly; awful; choke up; skip ; keep in/ get in / lose / be in touch with sb. practically
初二年级英语讲义
一、同步知识拓展 词汇Words 1. fitness n. 健康；合格 e. g. Now, how are you going to shape your lifestyle to improve your fitness? 现在，你如何来塑造自己的生活方式，提高您的健身呢？ I'm trying to improve my fitness by cycling to work. 我设法通过骑车上班来提高健康状况。 【词性拓展】fit n. 合身；发作；痉挛 adj. 健康的；合适的；反义词为unfit vt&vi 安装；使适应；适合 【词汇拓展】be fit for 适合（于），对……合适；胜任fitness equipment 健身器材 fitness center 健身中心fitness camp 健身训练营fitness test 健康检查批注：词汇联想记忆法。由healthy联想到fit，两者意思相当且常出现在选择题的同义词替换中。 2. fail vt.&vi. 失败；不及格；未能 e. g. He failed( = didn't pass)his English examination. 他的英语考试不及格。 The boys tried to climb the mountain, but they failed because of the bad weather. 孩子们尽力想爬上山，但天气不好没成功。 【词性拓展】failure n.失败 【词汇拓展】fail to do sth. 未能做某事=be not able to do sth.=not do sth. =not manage to do sth. 批注：fail与failur转换会在考题中的词性转换中出现，且二者之间的转换是一个高频考点。 3. upset adj. 心烦的；苦恼的 vt.&vi. （使）心烦意乱；弄翻 e. g. Mother will be upset if we don't let her know where we are. 我们要是不让妈妈知道我们在哪里，她会放心不下。 I upset the soup all over the table. 我把汤打翻在桌子上。
高一英语暑期预科讲义
M o d u l e 1 Unit 1 School life School life in the UK Going to a British high school for one year was a very enjoyable and exciting experience for me. I was very happy with the school hours in Britain because school starts around 9 a.m. and ends about 3.30 p.m. This means I could get up an hour later than usual as schools in China begin before 8 a.m. On the first day, all of the new students attended an assembly in the school hall. I sat next to a girl whose name was Diana. We soon became best friends. During the assembly, the headmaster told us about the rules of the school. He also told us that the best way to earn respect was to devote ourselves to study and achieve high grades. This sounded like my school in China. I had many teachers in the past year. Mr. Heywood, my class teacher, was very helpful. My favourite teacher was Miss Burke---I loved the lessons that she gave in English Literature. In our class there were 28 students. This is about the average size for British schools. We had to move to different classrooms for different classes. We also had different students in some classes, so it was a struggle for me to remember all the faces and names. I found that the homework was not as heavy as what I used to get in my old school. However, it was a bit challenging for me at first, because all the homework was in English. I felt lucky, as all my teachers gave me much encouragement and I enjoyed all my subjects: English, History, English Literature, Computer Science, Maths, Science, PE, Art, Cooking and French. My English improved a lot，as I used English every day and spent an hour each day reading English books in the library. I usually went to the Computer Club during the lunch break, so I could send e-mails to my family and friends back home for free. I also had an extra French class on Tuesday evenings. Cooking was really fun as I learnt how to buy, prepare and cook food. At the end of term we held a class party and we all had to cook something. I was glad that all my classmates were fond of the cake that I made. Students at that school have to study Maths, English and Science, but can stop studying some subjects if they do not like them, for example, History and French. They can choose other subjects like Art and Computer Science or Languages such as Spanish and German. In the Art class that I took, I made a small sculpture. Though it did not look very beautiful when it was finished, I still liked it very much. I missed Chinese food a lot at lunch. British food is very different. British people like eating dessert at the end of their main meal. After lunch, we usually played on the school field. Sometimes I played football with the boys. Sometimes I just relaxed under a tree or sat on the grass. I was very lucky to experience this different way of life. I look back on my time in the UK with satisfaction, and I really hope to go back and study in Manchester again. 一、词汇过关填空： 1. Their grades are well above a_____. 2. C______ this book with that one, and you’ll find that one is better. 3. I was s ____at first, but soon I stopped worrying. 4. All the students are making p______ for the word test.
初中英语讲义(教案)： 初二英语 时态讲解 一般过去时
一般过去时 一、导入 二、（1）专题讲解 一般过去时 1、定义：一般过去时表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态，常和表示过去的时间状语 连用；也可表示过去习惯性或经常性的动作和行为。 2、时间状语：yesterday , the day before yesterday , yesterday morning , just now , a moment ago ,two days ago , last night / year / week , before 11:00 , in the past ，at that time 等 3、使用情况： （1) 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。 I got up at 7:00 yesterday. 我昨天7点起床。 (2) 表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。 He always went to work by bus last year. 去年他总是乘公交车去上班。 4.一般现在时的结构及句型变化 结构：一般现在时的结构主要有三种形式： （1)、结构一（谓语动词为be 动词时） 肯定句：主语+be(was ，were)+其它. （注：am,is→was, are→were ） 否定句：主语+be+not+其它. 一般疑问句：Be+主语+其它?
e.g. I was late yesterday. e.g. They were in Bei jing last year. I was not late yesterday. They weren’t in Bei jing last year. Were you late yesterday？Were they in Bei jing last year？ Yes, I was. Yes, they were. No, I wasn't. No, they weren’t am和is在一般过去时中变为was。（was not=wasn’t） are在一般过去时中变为were。（were not=weren’t） (2）、结构二（谓语动词为情态动词时） (注意：情态动词can ，may ，have to 等等。） 肯定句：主语+情态动词过去式+动词原形+其它. 否定句：主语+情态动词过去式+not+动词原形+其它. 一般疑问句：情态动词过去式+主语+动词原形+其它? E.g. The old man could swim 30 years ago. The old man couldn’t swim 30 years ago. Could the old man swim 30 years ago? Yes, he could. No, he couldn’t. 常用情态动词过去式如下： can—could（能，会） may―might（可以） have to―had to（不得不） shall―should（将要）用于第一人称单数 will―would（将要）用于所有人称 (3)、结构三（谓语动词为实义动词时） 肯定句：主语+动词过去式+其它. 否定句：主语+ didn’t +动词原形+其它. 一般疑问句：Did+主语+动词原形+其它？
初二英语个辅讲义
初二英语个辅讲义 Module5 Problems 【学习目标】 I．Module 5 的重点单词、短语的复习、拓展以及应用； II．复习感叹句 【重难点分析】 I．复习重点单词、短语 be able to+动（原）=can 会/能够……all together 一起 win +比赛赢得比赛beat sb./team 打败某人/队 agree to do sth. 同意做某事refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事warn sb. not to do sth.警告某人不要做某事warn sb. about sth./sb.警告某人关于tell sb. about...告诉某人关于……tell sb. the truth 告诉某人真相 be proud of 以……为骄傲have chance to do sth. 有机会做某事send sb. away 把某人送走immediately=at once 立刻 take off 删除/拿走make sure 确信，一定 have a virus 中病毒offer to do sth. 主动要求做某事 at least 至少pocket money 零用钱 after all 毕竟play the solo 表演独奏 be angry with... 生……的气make a mistake 犯错误 use … for doing sth.=use … to do sth. 使用……做某事 prefer to do sth rather than do sth. 宁可……也不愿意…… prefer doing to doing sth. 比起……更喜欢…… Exercise：根据中文提示完成句子 1.那个小男孩拒绝告诉老师真相。 That little boy ________ ________ _______ ________ ________ ________. 2.我们一起送走了小狗。 We ________ the puppy ________ ________ ________.
人教版高一英语必修一Unit1friendship全单元教案上课讲义
Unit 1 friendship Participants: 靳燕，黄洋，董妮娅，仝亚军，李桂秀，吴晓，邹舍龙 School: Tai Zhou No.1 Senior Middle School 1.Teaching aims and demands 类别课程标准要求掌握的项目 话题Friends and friendship; interpersonal relationships 词汇Add point upset ignore calm concern loose cheat reason list share feeling Netherlands German outdoors crazy nature purpose dare thunder entirely power according trust indoors suffer teenager advice questionnaire quiz situation editor communicate habit add up calm down have got to be concerned about walk the dog go through hide away set down a series of on purpose in order to face to face according to get along with fall in love join in 功能 1.态度(attitudes) Are you afraid that---? I’v e grown so crazy about--- dare--- I didn’ｔ 2. 同意和不同意（agreement and disagreement） I agree. I think so. Exactly. think so. I’m afraid not. agree. I don’ｔ I don’ｔ 3.肯定程度（certainty） That’s correct. Of course not. 语法直接引语和间接引语(1): 陈述句和疑问句 1.陈述句 want to set down a series of facts in a diary.” Said Anne. “Ｉd on’ｔ want to set down a series of facts in a diary. ----Anne said that she didn’ｔ 2.一般疑问句 He asked, “Are you leaving tonight?” ---He asked us whether we were leaving that night. 3.特殊疑问句 “When did you go to bed last night?” father said to Anne. --- Father asked Anne when she went to bed the night before. 2.Suggested teaching notes 1). Analyses of the teaching contents This unit is about friendship, and nearly all the teaching materials center
初中英语讲义(教案)：初二英语 时态讲解 一般将来时
一般将来时 一、导入 二、专题讲解 一般将来时 1、定义：一般将来时表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态，或将来某一段时间内经常的动作或状态。 2、结构：（三种） （1） will + do （注：will 为助动词） （2） be going to do （注：going to 永不变） （3） be doing （注：现在进行时表将来） 3、时间状语： tomorrow （明天）， the day after tomorrow （后天）， next year/ month/ week （明年/ 下个月/ 下周）， in the future （将来）， https://www.wendangku.net/doc/ce6778123.html,ter （......之后）， soon （不久）， in + 一段时间（在.....之后）， next time （下一次）， this afternoon/ evening/weekend （今天下午/ ....）, tonight （今晚）等等。 4、一般将来时的句型变化： 情况一：will/shall +do ( will 用于各种人称, shall 用于主语为第一人称:I /we ) 1) 肯定句: 主+ will/shall + do+其它. 如：Tom will play football tomorrow. People will have robots in the future. I will/shall be a teacher in 10 years. ( will be a /an +职业名词) 2) 否定句: 主+ will/ shall + not +do+其它.（will not 缩写为won’t ）