高教版公共英语3级精讲班讲义 (1)

公共英语3级精讲班第17讲讲义

Dialogue

Dialogue 1:

Two young people, an American and a Japanese, are chatting as they want to board their flight.

1.I see by your boarding card that we’re on the same flight.

从你的登机牌上我知道我们乘同一架班机。

boarding card登机牌

2.I’ll be studying tourism management for two years at a private institute for

foreigners.

我将在给外国人开办的私人学院里学习两年的旅游管理。

3.Speaking of friends, I think I’d better find the tax-free shop before we board the

plane.

谈到朋友，我想我在登机前最好找家免税品商店。

tax-free/ duty-free 免税品商店

Dialogue 2:

Edmund, a tourist, is taking a trip in North America. He wants to know more bout culture and life there. Now he is talking with Deborah, a tourist guide, about restaurants in the U.S.

1.Restaurant can be classified into two types —fast food and full service.

饭店可以分为两种—快餐店与全套服务的饭店。

2.If you want to eat in the restaurant, you then seat yourself.

如果你想在饭店吃饭，你自己坐在饭店里。

seat oneself, dress oneself

seat, dress, vt.

sit in the seat, put on the clothes,

3.You are also expected to clean off your table when you are done with the meal. 你吃完饭要自己清理餐桌。

clean off 清理

be done with the meal吃完饭

4.Some restaurant will automatically add this 15%, call a “gratuity charge”, to

your bill if you have a certain number of people in your party.

如果你的聚会有很多人，一些饭店会自动增加15%的小费。

Monologue 1:

Employees in ABO, an international automobile company, are required to travel a lot around the world. Stephen, an experienced senior manager of the firm, is now delivering a lecture to new recruits about travel affairs.

1.As a matter of fact, airports have fine international cuisine —from fresh

seafood in New York to Brazilian barbecue in Hong Kong.

事实上，机场有很多风味的饭菜—从纽约新鲜的海鲜到香港的巴西烤肉。

2.And you can stock up on something to have for later —for example, cheese and

caviar in Mexico City.

你可以买很多以备以后使用，比如奶酪和墨西哥城的鱼子酱。

stock up on 一次买上很多以备后用

As soon as they heard about possible food shortages, they began to stock up.

stock up on fuel for the winter

stock up with food for Christmas

3.If you are stuck in airport, you could have some fun.

如果你在机场上不了飞机，你可以有很多乐趣。

stick in卡在某处不能移动

The key stuck in the lock.

The bus stuck in the mud.

4.When you walk in, relaxing music comes and pictures of clouds are projected on

the wall.

当你走进去，会听到轻松的音乐看到投影在墙上的朵朵白云。

be projected on光线、影子、影像被投在---上

5.And shopping in airports is great if you would like t buy something fancy and

rare.

如果你想买些不同寻常的稀有的东西，在机场购物会是个好的选择。

fancy 不同寻常的，昂贵的

Monologue 2:

A travel consultant is introducing Christian Cruises to travelers.

1. There has been a large increase in Christian theme cruises over the last few years, in large part due to their incredible popularity of cruising in general.

在过去几年中，以基督教为主题的巡游有大量的增加，部分原因是巡游变的越来越流行。

In large part due to主要因为

2. Having reserved the entire ship, they shut down the slot machine, ban smoking throughout the ship, and replace the showgirl with Christian entertainers.

预定了整条船之后，他们封上了赌博机，全船禁止吸烟，用宗教演艺人员代替了歌舞女郎。

1）reserve the ship预定

2) shut sown关闭

3) replace sth with sth用---代替---

3. Due to the popularity of Christian cruising you may find that she has a long list of options.

由于宗教巡游的流行，你会发现她有很多的选择。

Passage

Passage:

1. However, today we are coming to realize that tourism is a mixed blessing,

然而，今天我们越来越意识到旅游业是利弊各半的行业。

a mixed blessing

blessing令人高兴的事物

What a blessing that you weren’t hurt in the accident.

2. Around the world, areas are endangered by the large numbers of tourists who visit them.

There are, then, serious dangers that come with the promise of tourism.

世界各地都因为旅行者过多而受到威胁。在旅游业发展的同时也伴随着严重的危险。

3. These are not authentic cultural sites but copies of something that may or may not have ever really existed.

他们并不是真正的文化景点，而是或许根本就不存在的东西的复制品。

4.What’s the value of tradition if it’s kept alive for profit, and bears little relation

to real life?

如果它的存在只是为了获取利润，并且与现实社会没有关系，传统还有什么意义？

5.Taken together, the negative effects of tourism grow larger over time.

总起来说，旅游业的负面影响随着时间的在不断的增加。

6.The cumulative effects of tourism are great because every time we use cars of

planes to travel we contribute to one of the greatest disruptions in the history of the planet.

旅游积累的影响是巨大的，因为每次我们使用飞机或汽车去旅游，我们就对破坏我们这个星球做出了贡献。

Exercises

Exercises:

Use of English:

3. recovering, 恢复的leading, 主要的promising, 有希望的encouraging,鼓舞人心的

4. for example, 比如in addition, 另外by far, 远远地in case 在---情况下

6. Tourism, 旅游Service, 服务Growth, 增长Recovery恢复

10. dealers,商人spenders, 花钱的人regulators调节器

12. landscape,风景，景色direction方向, circle,圆圈destination目标

15. justified,有正当理由的qualified,有资格的forecast, 预测cast投，射

17. target,目标source,来源reserve, 预定force强迫

20. establish,建立schedule,计划accommodate 给某人提供房间。

动词Ⅰ

动词Ⅰ

1）表示动作中状态的词叫做动词。

2）根据其在句中的功能，动词可分为四类，分别是：实义动词（Notional Verb）、系动词（Link Verb）、助动词（Auxiliary Verb）、情态动词（Modal Verb）。

说明：有些情况下，有些动词是兼类词，例如：

We are having a meeting.我们正在开会。（having是实义动词。）

He has gone to New York.他已去纽约。

（has是助动词。）

3）动词根据其后是否带有宾语，可分为两类，分别是：及物动词（Transitive Verb）、不及物动词（Intransitive Verb），缩写形式分别为vt. 和vi.。

说明：同一动词有时可用作及物动词，有时可用作不及物动词。例如：She can dance and sing.

她能唱歌又能跳舞。（sing在此用作不及物动词。）

She can sing many English songs.

她能唱好多首英文歌曲。（sing用作及物动词。）

4）根据是否受主语的人称和数的限制，可分两类，分别是：限定动词（Finite Verb）、非限定动词（Non-finite Verb）例如：

She sings very well.

她唱得很好。（sing受主语she的限制，故用第三人称单数形式sings。）

She wants to learn English well.

她想学好英语。（to learn不受主语she的限制，没有词形变化，是非限定动词。

说明：英语中共有三种非限定动词，分别是：动词不定式（Infinitive）、动名词（Gerund）、分词（Participle）。

5)根据动词的组成形式，可分为三类，分别是：单字词（One-Word Verb）、短语动词（Phrasal Verb）、动词短语（Verbal Phrase）例如：

The English language contains many phrasal verbs and verbal phrases.

英语里有许多短语动词和动词短语。（contains是单字动词。）

Students should learn to look up new words in dictionaries.

学生们学会查字典。（look up是短语动词。）

The young ought to take care of the old.

年轻人应照料老人。（take care of是动词短语。）

6）动词有五种形态，分别是：原形（Original Form）、第三人称单数形式（Singular From in Third Personal）、过去式（Past Form）、过去分词（Past Participle）、现在分词（Present Participle）

1 系动词

系动词亦称联系动词（Link Verb），作为系动词，它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语（亦

称补语），构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。

说明：

有些系动词又是实义动词，该动词表达实义时，有词义，可单独作谓语，例如：He fell ill yesterday.

他昨天病了。（fell是系动词，后跟补足语，说明主语情况。）

He fell off the ladder.

他从梯子上摔下来。fell是实义动词，单独作谓语。

1）状态系动词

用来表示主语状态，只有be一词，例如：

He is a teacher.他是一名教师。（is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。）

2）持续系动词

用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如：

He always kept silent at meeting.他开会时总保持沉默。

This matter rests a mystery.此事仍是一个谜。

3）表像系动词

用来表示"看起来像"这一概念，主要有seem, appear, look, 例如：

He looks tired.他看起来很累。

He seems (to be) very sad.他看起来很伤心。

4）感官系动词

感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如：

This kind of cloth feels very soft.

这种布手感很软。

This flower smells very sweet.

这朵花闻起来很香。

5）变化系动词

这些系动词表示主语变成什么样，变化系动词主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run. 例如：

He became mad after that.自那之后，他疯了。

She grew rich within a short time.她没多长时间就富了。

6）终止系动词

表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove, trun out, 表达"证实"，"变成"之意，例如：

The rumor proved false.这谣言证实有假。

The search proved difficult.搜查证实很难。

His plan turned out a success.他的计划终于成功了。（turn out表终止性结果）

2 什么是助动词

1）协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词（Auxiliary Verb）。被协助的动词称作主要动词（Main Verb）。助动词自身没有词义，不可单独使用，例如：

He doesn't like English.他不喜欢英语。

（doesn't是助动词，无词义；like是主要动词，有词义)

2）助动词协助主要动词完成以下功用，可以用来：

a. 表示时态，例如：

He is singing.他在唱歌。

He has got married.他已结婚。

b. 表示语态，例如：

He was sent to England.他被派往英国。

c. 构成疑问句，例如：

Do you like college life?你喜欢大学生活吗？

Did you study English before you came here?你来这儿之前学过英语吗？

d. 与否定副词not合用，构成否定句，例如：

I don't like him.我不喜欢他。

e. 加强语气，例如：

Do come to the party tomorrow evening. 明天晚上一定来参加晚会。

He did know that.他的确知道那件事。

3）最常用的助动词有：be, have, do, shall, will, should, would

3 助动词be的用法

1）be +现在分词，构成进行时态，例如：

They are having a meeting.他们正在开会。

English is becoming more and more important. 英语现在越来越重要。

2)be + 过去分词，构成被动语态，例如：

The window was broken by Tom..窗户是汤姆打碎的。

English is taught throughout the world.世界各地都教英语。

3）be + 动词不定式，可表示下列内容：

a. 表示最近、未来的计划或安排，例如：

He is to go to New York next week..他下周要去纽约。

We are to teach the freshpersons.我们要教新生。

说明：这种用法也可以说成是一种将来时态表达法。

b. 表示命令，例如：

You are to explain this.对此你要做出解释。

He is to come to the office this afternoon.要他今天下午来办公室。

c.征求意见，例如：

How am I to answer him?我该怎样答复他？

Who is to go there?谁该去那儿呢？

d. 表示相约、商定，例如：

We are to meet at the school gate at seven tomorrow morning.我们明天早晨7点在校门口集合。

4 助动词have的用法

1）have +过去分词，构成完成时态，例如：

He has left for London.他已去了伦敦。

By the end of last month, they had finished half of their work.

上月未为止，他们已经完成工作的一半。

2）have + been +现在分词，构成完成进行时，例如：

I have been studying English for ten years.

我一直在学英语，已达十年之久。

3）have+been +过去分词，构成完成式被动语态，例如：

English has been taught in China for many years.

中国教英语已经多年。

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