信息管理专业英语实用教程

专业英语

一、专业术语

RFID射频识别IOT物联网Cloud Computing云计算ANN神经网络BI商业智能E-business /Web-business / e-commerce电子商务KM知识管理GIS地理信息系统PDA掌上电脑Bluetooth蓝牙技术CAD计算机辅助设计CMD计算机辅助制作branch manager部门经理binary format二进制格式USB（Universal Serial Bus）通用串行总线computer case计算机机箱

temporary storage of information临时存储信息floppy disk软盘CD-ROM只读光盘textual源代码video card视频卡，显卡sound card音频卡，声卡

DVD数字化视频光盘SISP战略信息系统计划Project Management项目管理Human Resources人力资源End-User Systems Development最终用户系统开发rolling business plans流动业务计划MIS(management information system)管理信息系统DB（database）数据库DBMS（database Management system）数据库管理系统DSS（decision support system）决策支持系统operational manager运营经理Senior manager 高级经理semi-structured decision半结构化决策

ANS（Advanced Network&Service）高级网络及服务公司

TPS（Transaction Processing systems）事务管理系统

KWS（Knowledge Work Systems）只是工作系统GRASP绘制机器人技术应用软件包OAS（Office Automation Systems）办公自动化系统

ESS（Executive Support Systems）经理支持系统

EIS（Executive Information Systems）经理信息系统

OLAP（on-line analytical processing）联机分析处理

GIS（Group Information Systems）集群信息系统

GDSS（Group Decision Support Systems）集群决策支持系统

MIT（Management Information technology）管理信息技术

RAD（rapid application development）快速应用开发

Two-way communications 双工通讯client-server environment 客户服务环境Data warehouse 数据仓库logistics information systems 物流信息系统

ERP（Enterprise resource planning）企业资源规划

CRM（customer relationship Management）客户关系管理

OOD（Object-Oriented design）面向对象设计

OOP（Object0Oriented Programming）面向对象编程

HLLs（High Level Languages）高级语言ADTs（Abstract Data Types）抽象数据类型Software Ics软件的组成单元machine code机器码op-code输出码

EDI（Electronic Data interchange）电子数据交换

SMEs（small and medium sized enterprises）中小企业

B2B企业对企业电子商务B2C企业对用户电子商务

CERT(Character Error Rate Tester)字符出错率测试器

CIAS（Communication Link Analyzer System）通信链路分析系统

IMS（Information Management System）管理信息系统

NDMS（Netware Data Management System）网络数据管理系统

二、词汇填空

1)The managerial process consists of four basic functions: planning, organizing, leading and

controlling.管理过程由四项基本职能组成：规划，组织，领导和控制。

2)Organizing involves setting up appropriate departments, job descriptions, rules and

regulations, and procedures.组织职能包括设立恰当的部门、职务说明、规章制度和工作程序。

3)The applications of statistics can be divided into two broad areas: descriptive statistics and

inferential statistics.统计学的应用可以分成两大领域：描述统计学和推断统计学。

4)Data structure include several fundamental data units: bit, byte, word.数据结构包括位、字

节、字这几种基本数据单元。

5)There are two fundamental methods of data transmission: serial and parallel.

两种基本的数据传输模式：串行与并行。

6)Computer equipment is made of several common components: the main computer box,

monitor, keyboard, mouse, speakers and an optional printer.计算机包括主机箱、显示器、键盘、鼠标、音箱和一个可供选择的打印机。

7)Software is often divided into two categories: systems software and applications software.

软件通常分为系统软件和应用软件两类。

8)Software refers to computer instructions or data.软件就是计算机指令或数据。

9)Traditional databases are organized by fields, records and files.

传统的数据库是以字段、记录和文件组织起来的。

10)ERP Systems provide firms with information consistency, economies of scale and integration.

ERP系统为公司提供信息的一致性、规模经济性和整体性。

11)An object is something with a: state and semantics.

一个对象包括以下内容的东西：状态和语义。

三、翻译

Unit 1

1. Management is the attainment of organizational goals in an effective and efficient manner through planning, organizing, leading, and controlling organizational resources.

管理是组织目标通过计划、组织、领导、控制组织资源实现的有效方式。

2. Planning defines where the organization wants to be in the future and how to get there.

计划决定了组织将来的发展方向和实现方式。

3. Organization failure can occur when managers are not serious about control or lack control information.

组织的失败往往在管理人员不认真对待控制或缺乏控制的信息时发生。

4. The ultimate responsibility of managers is to achieve high performance, which is the attainment of organizational goals by using resources in an efficient and effective manner.

管理人员的最终责任是获得高业绩，这是组织目标实现的一种有效的利用资源和有效的方式。

5. There are no “peopleless”organizations, so managers must learn how to motivate, lead and communicate; they must also understand interpersonal relations and the behavior of groups of people.

没有任何“peopleless”组织,所以经理们必须学会如何激励、领导和交流,他们也必须理解人际关系和各种人群的行为。

6. Managers are excellent communicators and value shapers, lightning rods to get the job done.

经理们都是很出色的传播者和价值塑造者，避雷针能够完成工作。

7. It is now apparent that overly centralized, excessively layered, and rigid organizational

structures are not always effective or efficient.

过于集中、过度分层、刚性的组织结构现在很明显并不总是有效或高效的。

8. A manager frequently reminds his or her management team of the company’s goals and how well those goals are being achieved.

一个管理者会经常提醒他或她的管理团队,公司的目标,以及如何做好已达成这些目标。

9. Strategic planning is the process of developing and analyzing the organization’s mission, overall goals, general strategies, and allocating resources.

战略规划是发展和分析组织的使命、总体目标、总体战略、和分配资源的过程。

10. The purpose of the organizing function is to make the best use of the organization’s resources to achieve organizational goals.

组织功能的目的是最充分地利用组织的资源以实现组织目标。

Unit 3

1.All information, from train schedules to discount-price goods, will be as close as the press of a

key

所有信息,从火车时刻表到折扣价商品,将会越来越接近新闻媒体的一个关键.

2.The children have a happy environment at school.

孩子们在学校有一个快乐的环境

3.The manufacturer invoiced our company for two typewriters.

这个厂家给我们公司开了两台打字机的发票

4.My accounts balance for the first time this year!

这是我今年第一次收支平衡

5.The Eiffel Tower is one of the most famous structures in the world.

艾菲尔铁塔是世界上最著名的建筑物之一

6.Please program the computer to do the job instead of manual operation.

请给电脑编制一个程序,以此代替手工操作

7.The binary system of numbers is used in digital computers.

二进制数字系统常常在数字计算机中被使用

8.The motherboard is main board of a computer, usually containing the circuitry for the central

processing unit, keyboard, and monitor and often having slots for accepting additional circuitry.

主板是计算机的主要部分,通常包括含有电路的中央处理单元、键盘、监控和为了接受额外的电路所安置的插槽

9.Programmers use the term “data structures” to describe various ways to organize data within a

program.

程序员使用术语“数据结构”来描述在一个程序里通过各种方法来组织数据

10. At what rate does the dollar convert into pounds?

美元以什么汇率兑换成英镑?

Unit 4

1.The research project has only been under way for three months, so it’s too early to evaluate its

success.

这个研究项目进行了不到三个月,所以对它的成绩作出评价为时尚早。

2.The firm decided to computerize its wages department.

公司决定使用电脑来处理发薪部门的工作

3.The boss gave me so many instructions at one time that I got muddled up.

老板一下子给了我那么多指示,把我弄得糊里糊涂

4.He isn’t particularly clever but industrious.

他并不特别聪明,但很勤奋。

5.New settlers came in increasing numbers.

新的移民越来越多

6.The local library is a valuable resource.

当地的图书馆是个宝贵的资源

7.The committee discussed strategic marketing factors.

委员会讨论了战略营销的因素

8.These difficulties are caused by natural disasters.

这些困难都是由自然灾害造成的

9.There are three options open to us in that matter.

关于那件事情我们有三种选择

10.This information will be less confusing if it’s produced in tabular form.

如果是产生于表格形式，信息将很少会被混淆

Unit 5

1.The lowest level manager can access only the data that he needs at his level.

经理能存取的最低水平,只有在他的水平上所需要的数据。

2.Decision Support is a new University function designed to support access, integration and

delivery of administrative data.

决策支持系统的设计是一种新的大学功能设计用以支持访问、集成和实施的行政数据3.Decision Support is also responsible for transition of data from University mainframes to

servers over the next 5 years and for the existing Information Warehouse.

决策支持也负责在未来的5年里从大学向服务器主机进行数据的转换和现有信息仓库的数据转换。

4.The primary job of the use is in the definition and discovery of information used in decision

making.

主要工作的用途是将定义并发现的信息用于决策。

5.If client profile information is available, services can be more easily tailored to the client.

如果客户端剖面的信息是可得到的,服务可以更容易定制到客户端

6.Modern Marketing techniques can be used to attract and retain clients.

现代营销技术可以用于吸引和留住客户

7.Risk assessment of the projects can be determined before the project is begun.

项目风险评估能够在项目开始前被确定。

8.Sharing the same concepts of a DSS, an ESS focuses more in the end-user requirement of

maximum interactivity and user-friendlyness.

共享一个DSS的相同概念，一个ESS更多的关注于最终用户的最大互动性需求和用户友好性

9.The GDSS stared originally from the Management Information System at University of

Arizona.

GDSS最初起源于亚利桑那大学的管理信息系统。

10.Artificial intelligence is the study of how to make computers do things which, at the moment,

people do better.

人工智能是研究如何让电脑做一些事情,在那个时刻,人们做得更好

Unit 6

1.ERP attempts to integrate all departments and functions across a company onto a single

computer system that can serve all those different departments’ particular needs.

ERP试图整合各部门和功能在一个公司,在一台计算机的系统,这个系统可以为所有这些不同部门的特别需求

2.People don’t like to change how they do their jobs. That is why the value of ERP is so hard to

pin down.

人们不喜欢改变他们如何完成他们的工作。这就是为什么ERP是如此的价值硬扣下来3.To get the most from the ERP software, you have to get people inside your company to adopt

the work methods outlined in the software.

最大限度地从中获取收益的ERP软件,你必须让人们在你们公司的情况下,采用工作某市软件

4.Even if a company installs ERP software for the so-called right reasons and everyone can

agree on the optimal definition of a customer, the inherent difficulties of implementing something as complex as ERP is like teaching an elephant to do the hootchy-kootchy.

即使一家公司ERP软件安装的所谓正确的原因,每个人都能同意的最佳的定义的客户,固有困难的事情,就像复杂,因为实施ERP是像教大象来跳肚皮舞

5.ERP helps the manufacturing process flow more smoothly, and it improves visibility of the

order fulfillment process inside the company.

ERP帮助制造流程更平稳,提高了知名度的订单,公司内部的实施过程。

6.Don’t expect to revolutionize your business with ERP. It is a navel-gazing exercise that

focuses on optimizing the way things are done internally rather than on customers, suppliers or partners.

不要期望彻底改变你的业务与ERP。这是一个纸上谈兵的锻炼方式,著重在优化所内部而不是对客户、供应商或合作伙伴

7.Needless to say, the move to ERP is a project of breathtaking scope, and the price tags on the

front end are enough to make the most placid CFO a little twitchy.

不用说,搬到ERP是一个项目的惊人的范围,而且价格标签的前端,足以使最平静的CFO有点谨慎

8.We have treated ERPs as projects, with the assumption that someday the projects would end.

But an enterprise system is not a project. It’s a way of life.

我们我们把ERPS看成是一个项目,并扬言说,总有一天会结束的项目。但是一个企业制度不是一个项目。它是一种生活方式

9.Even if an organization could declare final victory on implementation of ERPs, many

additional years could be spent in getting real business value from them.

即使一个组织可以宣布最后的胜利的实现策略,许多额外的年电位差,就可以用来获得真正的商业价值

10.Just as courtships and honeymoons are different from marriages, living with ERP systems will

be different from installing them.

正如求爱和蜜月不同于婚姻的生活,ERP系统将是不同于安装他们

Unit 7

1. Structural design gives a system the long-term stable structure that can reduce discovery costs, localize maintenance work, and provide a foundation for reuse.

结构设计提供了一种系统的长期稳定的结构,可以减少成本,定位发现维修工作,并提供了

基础,再使用

2. I believe there are some simple ways to integrate the functional and structural view.

我相信有这里有一些简单的方法来整合的功能和结构的观点

3. Most popular programming languages use classes as their basic building block.

最流行的编程语言使用类为基本积木

4. Classes are the foundation of object-based and object-oriented programming in C++.

统整课程的物质基础,是面向对象编程中,C + +

5. I think this tendency to hierarchy comes from our need to organize—and that’s fine—but I think it goes too far in most popular programming languages work.

我觉得这个倾向是来自我们的需要层次的fine-but organize-and,我认为它走得太远在最流行的编程语言的工作

6. We start to reduce complexity by grouping objects together into classes, which is in accordance with how most popular programming languages work.

我们开始减少复杂性组织宾语联合成类别,是依照最流行的编程语言如何工作

7. These programming languages are popular because they are efficient.

这些编程语言很受欢迎,因为他们是有效的

8. Because roles are closer to objects, they are closer to the structure of Use Cases than classes are. 因为角色越来越接近物品,他们更接近结构比类的用例

9. Hierarchy has become an important abstraction tool in many design paradigms.

抽象层次已成为一个重要的工具,在许多的设计范例

10. Object-oriented program has become the dominant programming style in the software industry over the last 10 years or so.

面向对象程序已成为主导的编程风格在软件产业在过去的10年左右

Unit 12

1. Electronic commerce is emerging concept that describes the process of buying and selling of exchanging of products, services, and information via computer networks including the Internet.

电子商务是一种新的概念，它描述了通过计算机网络（包括Internet），进行买卖、交换商品、服务与信息的过程。

2. Electronic commerce enables more individuals to work at home and to do less traveling for shopping, resulting in less traffic on the road and lower air pollution.

电子商务使更多的个人能够在家工作并且做较少的旅行购物，这使得道路交通更通畅，空气污染程度也更低。

3. The advent of sailing ships in ancient times, the more recent invention of the printing press, the steam engine, and the telephone all changed the way in which people conducted commerce activities.

古代帆船的出现和以后的一些发明，如印刷术、蒸汽机以及电话等都改变着人们处理商业交易的方式。

4. Although E-commerce has increased the speed of delivery and dispersion of commercial products and services, there are certain things it can not improve or change.

尽管电子商务提高了配送商品与服务的速度，但对有些商品的销售，电子商务则无能为力。

5. An intranet is corporate network that functions with Internet technologies, such as browsers, using internet protocols.

内联网是企业组织内部网，它使用Internet技术，诸如浏览器与Internet协议。

6. Electronic commerce is sharing business information, maintaining business relationships, and

conducting transactions by means of telecommunications networks.

电子商务通过电信网络共享商业信息，保持商务关系，并且进行商业交易。

7. The growth of electronic commerce will depend on better payment systems and most importantly, the confidence of consumers in the Web’s security.

电子商务的发展将依赖更好的付费系统，更为重要的是，顾客对网络安全的信心。

8. Virtual travel agencies will offer you almost all the services you will find in a conventional travel agency, ranging from information to reservation and purchasing of tickets for your trips, accommodations and entertainment.

虚拟旅行中介能够提供几乎所有传统旅行中介可以提供的服务，从有关旅行的信息，到预约和购买旅行所需的门票、住宿及娱乐。

9. Internet electronic commerce provides customers with the chance to customize many of the products or services offered by merchants.

因特网电子商务为用户提供定制由商人提供的大多数产品或者服务的机会。

10. Electronic commerce is very much seen as the core driver behind the development of the information economy, and is the source of many of the benefits.

电子商务更多被视为躲在信息经济发展后面的核心驱动力，是大多数利润的来源。

四、简答

1)How is management defined in this text? 怎样定义管理？

Management is the process of working with and through people and other organizational resources to accomplish organizational goals.管理工作过程中，通过人与其他组织资源，实现组织目标。

2)What is the purpose of controlling? 控制的目的是什么？

The purpose of controlling is to check whether the organization is on target toward its goals so as to make corrections as necessary.控制的目的是检查组织是否在目标向着目标使必要的修正。

3)What is computer data?什么是计算机数据？

Computer data is information required by the computer to be able to operate.计算机数据是计算机能够运行需要的信息。

4)What is E-commerce？什么是电子商务

E-commerce is the use of computer applications communicating over networks to allow buyers and sellers to complete a transaction or part of an transaction.电子商务是利用计算机应用程序在网络上通信，让买方和卖方完成交易或部分交易。

5)Why do SMEs want to use E-commerce?为什么中小型企业想利用电子商务？

Because by using e-commerce, small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) that cannot afford establishing overseas offices and strongholds can now increase their exposure to every corner of the world and forge global relationships with their trading partners everywhere in the world because Internet penetrates into almost every corner the world in a speedy and inexpensive way.因为不能负担建立海外办事处和据点的中小型企业（中小企业）通过使用电子商务，现在可以增加他们接触到世界的每一个角落，打造全球关系和他们的贸易伙伴在世界各地因为互联网渗透到几乎世界每一个角落在一个快速和廉价的方式。

6)List two advantages to E-commerce.列举两个电子商务的优点。

Business can gather information on products, buyers and competitors through internet so as to increase their own competitiveness. 企业可以收集产品信息，购买者和竞争对手通

过互联网以提高自身竞争力。

Customer service can be enhanced using Internet electronic commerce.

客户服务可以提高使用互联网电子商务。

7)How can E-commerce enhance customer service? Give an example.电子商务如何提高

客户服务？举一个例子

E-commerce enhances customer service by helping customer to access information before, during and after the sale. For example, Federal Express’ customers can electronically track the status of their packages without the need to speak with a human.电子商务通过帮助用户在售前、售中、售后获取信息增强客户服务。例如，联邦快递的客户可以通过电子追踪包状态而不需要和人说。

8)List out different types of E-commerce.列出不同类型的电子商务。

Electronic network within the company企业内部的电子网络，B2B商对商，

Consumer-to-Consumer消费者与消费者之间，B2C商对客，

Government-to-Citizen政府对市民，Government-to-Business政府对企业。

信息管理与信息系统专业英语词汇总结

Lesson1 distributed applications 分布式应用程序 competitive advantage 竞争优势 data warehouses 数据仓库 incompatible databases 不兼容数据库 decision support systems决策支持系统 executive information systems 执行信息系统 DBMS —— database management systems 数据库管理系统 entry 款 目 metadata 元数据 mainframe computer 大型计算机 desktop computer台式计算机 laptop computer 膝上型计算机 spreadsheet 电子表格 LAN ------local area network 局域网 database server 数据库服务器 user views 用户视图 data security 数据安全性 data integrity 数据完整性 concurrent user 并发用户 data updating 数据更新 data redundancy 数据冗余 consistency of data and metadata 数据和元数据的一致性 distributed database 分布式数据库 telecommunications network 远程通讯网 Lesson2 automatic indexing 自动标引 human indexing 人工标引 extraction indexing 抽词标引 assignment indexing 赋词标引 controlled vocabulary受控词表 non-substantive words 非实意词 index terms 标引词 automatic stemming 自动抽取词干 weight 权值 clue words 提示词 inverted file 倒排文档 absolute frequency 绝对词频 relative frequency 相对词频 information retrieval 信息检索 syntactic criteria 句法规则 word string 词串 NLDB —— Natural Language DataBase 自然语言数据库 MAI—— machine-aided indexing 机器辅助标引 1

信息管理专业英语第二版参考答案

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鲁东大学信息与电气工程学院2015 －2016 学年第-----2----学期 《 专业英语 》课程论文 课程号： 220821071 任课教师 贾世祥 成绩 论文题目：专业科技论文翻译 对给定的发表在正规外文期刊上的电子信息类专业科技论文进行翻译，包含 Title 、Introduction 、Algorithm 、Result 、Discussion 、Reference 等内容。 论文要求：（对论文题目、内容、行文、字数等作出判分规定。） 1.论文格式参考学院学士毕业论文要求，要有题目、摘要、关键字、正文、参考文献。 2.原文不包含摘要和关键字，请阅读原文并写出200~300字的英文摘要，给出5个英文关键字。 3.语言表达流畅，涉及到的图表字迹清晰，公式使用公式编辑器编辑。 4.设计报告使用B4纸打印，正文的图表可黑白打印。 教师评语： 教师签字： 年 月 日 一个简单、快速、有效的多边形减面算法 Stan Melax Abstract ：This article describes a new type of 3D model to optimize the reduction surface algorithm. Previous algorithms although it can reduce operating surface, but it in the reduction process will generate a lot of only makes processing speed becomes slow excess facet. This new algorithm is mainly through the edge collapse operation to achieve the effect of reducing the surface. This paper explains the characteristics and advantages of this algorithm by means of examples. The advantages and disadvantages of the new algorithm are also analyzed. Our initial goal is simple: we want to find a method can be reduced due to excessive blasting effects of polygons, now our art personnel only need to create a detailed model for every game objects. But there are limitations, this algorithm can only be applied to the triangle, if you need to be able to other more edges of the polygon into a simple triangle, in addition to this there is no other restrictions on the. Keywords ：Polygon reduction ；Edge Collapse ；Pretreatment ；Optimization model ；Optimization model; Application algorithm ； 如果你是一个游戏开发者，那么3D 多边形模型非常有可能是日常生活中的一部分，而且你对多少个多边形每秒、少多边形建模、细节层次等概念非常熟悉。你可能知道多边形减面算法的 目的在于通过一个有着大量多边形的高细节的模型生成一个 多边形数量比它少、但是看起来却跟原模型很相像的低面模型。这篇文章解释了一种实现自动减面的方法，并且附带的讨论了多边形减面的有用之处。在我们开始之前，我建议你去下载我的一个程序：BUNNYLOD.EXE ，它展示了我将要阐述的这项技术。你可以在Game Develop 网站上找到它。 问题的由来 在深入这个很厉害的3D 算法之前，你可能会问你自己真的有必要关注它吗？要知道，已经有一些商业的插件和工具来为你减少多边形数量了。 然而，下面的几条理由会告诉你为什么需要实现自己的减面算法： 学院 信息与电气工程学院 专业 信息工程 班级 信息1301班 本 学号 20132213652 20132213664 姓名 李惠梁 吴海峰

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-------------------------------------- 14课----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1、configuration 配置Topologies 拓扑结构 2、multidrop插头式ring or loop 环状或回路型the mesh 网状 3、simultaneously 同时intelligence 情报 4、perpheral equipment 外围终端 5、essentially /in nature 本质上 6、vary considerable 在很大程度上 7、hotel reservation systems 宾馆预订系统 8、telecommunications network 电信网络 9、plural 复数mass media 大众媒体 10、ATM = automatic teller machine 11、simplex 单工,duplex 双工,HDX = half duplex, FDX= full duplex, F/FDX= full/full duplex 12、unidirectional 单向的,two-way alternate or either-way lines 双向交替或任一方向电路 13、citizens band 民用波段 14、postal system 邮政系统 15、indefinitely 不确定的 16、vice verse反之亦然 17、error control 差错控制，error detection 检错，error correction 纠错，echoplex回送 18、Trade-off 平衡，折中考虑，serial-parallel transmission串行和并行传输 19、between the source and destination 在源地和目的地之间 20、short-distance communications 近距离通信 21、and serial transmission is used for long-distance communications 远距离通信 22、To insure an ordly flow of data between the line control unit and the modem,a serial interface is placed between them . 23、in data communications,there are four types of synchronization(同步)that must be achieved:bit or clock synchronization,modem or carrier synchronization,characteraynchronization,and message synchronization. 1、Innovation 进步 2、optical feeder links 光馈链接，digital compression techniques 数字压缩技术 3、service integration 综合服务 4、频分复用frequency-division multiplexing 5、utilize 利用 6、in this implementation 在这种实现方式中 7、fiber-to-the-curb(FTTC)光纤到路边 8、视频点播video on demand(VOD) 9、telephony 电话，industry 行业 10、the CATV industry is deploying bidirectional networks —CATV 行业有必要拓展双向网络 11、noted above 前面提到的 12、atenuates衰减 13、nonadjacent 不毗连的，turn over 移交，subscribers 订户 14、packet-switched wireless network 分组交换无线网络 15、with the sponsorship 在---的资助下 16、hub 中心 17、on the order of 大约，在---数量级 18、penetration 渗透

信管专业英语期末考试复习资料.doc

6.1.扁平组织强调分散管理,鼓励员匚参与决策。Flat organizations emphasize a dencentralized approach to management, which encourages high employee involvement in decisions? 1 2.管理人员和员工在一个互有信心、互相信任的友好环境中互动。Management and employees interact in a friendly environment characterized by mutual confidence and trust. 3.机械组织最适合重复的运行和稳定的环境。Mechanistic organizations are best suited to repetitive operations and stable environment? 6.4.商业计划有多种形式。There are a wide variety of formats for business plan. 6.5.计划过程远比计划文档更重要。Far more important than plan documents is that plan process itself. 6.6.每一个任务都应该包扌舌一个执行方案。Each objective should include an action plan. 7. 一个执行方案可以帮助主管组织、协调他的团队行动，并使项目按计划进行。An action plan can help supervisor stay organized, coordinate his or her team' s activities, and keep projects on schedule. 8.执行方案详细阐述完成该任务所需要的步骤和工作。The action plan states specifically what steps or tasks will be accomplished to achieve the objective. 9.9.项口管理软件程序可以帮助主管制定执行方案。Project-management software program are available to help supervisor create action plan. 6.10.最基本的项目管理软件程序帮助用户把自C的想法整理成一个简单的进度表。The most basic project management program helps organize the users' thoughts so that a simple schedule can be created. 7.1.链接是最简单但最有效的因特网营销方法。Linking is one of the simplest yet most effective Internet marketing devices. 10. 2.电子邮件签名文件Rf 以有效地宣传一个网站oE - mail signature f 订es can effectively promote a website. 3. EDT通常用于两个公司的两个终端设备的通信。EDI is usually deployed in between communication end points between two companies. 4.很快大部分企业都将成为某种程度上的电子商务企业。Pretty soon most business will be E-business to some extent ? 7.5.安全电子交易(SET)是保证因特网财务往来安全的系统。Secure Electronic Transaction (SET) is a system for ensuring the security of financial transactions on the Internet? 7.6.发证机构(CA)是网络中的一个机构，他负责发放和管理的安全信川证和川于信息加密的公共钥匙。A certificate authority(CA) is an authority in a network that issues and manages security credentials and public keys for message encryption. 7.7. CRM固然包含许多技术,但认为CRM主要是技术则是错误的。There are many technological components to CRM, but thingking about CRM in primarily technological terms is a mistake? 7.8.多川户操作系统允许不同的川户同时利丿LI计算机资源。A multi-user operating system allows many different users to take advantage of the computer 's resources simultaneously. 7.9.操作系统(OS)是最先装入计算机的软件。The operating system (OS) is the first thing loaded onto the computer. 10.没有什么能比计算机更好的体现现代生活。Nothing epitomizes modern life better than the computer. 网络由两个或多个连接在一起的计算机组成，以便共亭资源(如打印机和光盘驱动器)、交换文件或进行电子通信。A network consists of two or more computers that are linked in order to share resources (such as printers and CD-ROMs), exchange files , or allow electronic communications. 2.网络上的计算机nJ以用电缆、电话线、无线电波、卫星或红外线光束连接。The computers on a network may be linked through cable s, telephone lines , radio waves , satellites , or infrared light beams? 8.3.局域网(LAN)是局限于一个较小范围的的网络。A Local Area Network (LAN) is a network that is confined to a relatively small area. 8.4.连接到服务器上的计算机被称为工作站o Computers connected to the file server are called workstations. 8.5.在大部分的局域网上中，人们用电缆来连接每个计算机的网卡。On most LANs , cables are used to connect the network interface cards in each computer. 6.网络提供了一个非常快的共亭和传输文件的方法。Networks provide a very rapid method for sharing and transferring files. 7.今天，它主要是通过网络或电子数据交换來完成。Now , it is mainly done through Internet and Electronic