2019年高考语法名词性从句复习及练习(word含答案)

2019年高考语法名词性从句复习及练习

一.名词性从句梳理

基础知识回顾

知识讲解

主语从句：

做主语用的名词性从句，因其在复合句中做主语，又称主语从句，引导主语从句的有连词that ，whether，连接代词who ，what ，which，连接副词when，where，how，why 等。

1）从属连词：that，whether等.

that 引导主语从句只起引导作用，本身无实际意义，在主语从句中不充当任何成分，但不能省略。

That he will win is certain.他肯定会赢。

Whether he’ll come here isn’t clear. 他是否会来这里还不清楚。

注意: 由that 引导的主语从句有时为了使句子结构平衡, 避免“头重脚轻”, 常用it 作形式主语, 而把从句放在后面。例如:

That he will refuse this piece of advice is impossible.

It is impossible that he will refuse this piece of advice.

it为形式主语

2. That they should like each other is natural.

It is natural that they should like each other.

这样就构成了下面一些常用句型:

1) It is + n. +从句

It is a pity/shame that... 遗憾的是……It is a surprise that…令人惊奇的是…

It is a fact that……是事实It is common knowledge that……是常识

2) It is + adj. +从句

It’s certain that…肯定…It is possible that... 很可能……

It is unlikely that... 不可能……It is obvious that…很明显…

It is necessary \important \natural\... that…+(should) +do…

3) It +不及物动词+从句

It happened that... 碰巧……It occurred to me that…我突然想起…

4) It + be +过去分词+从句

It is said that... 据说……It is known to all that... 众所周知……

It is reported that... 据报道……It is believed that...据信……;人们相信……

It is suggested that + (should）do... 建议……It must be admitted that…必须承认……

It cannot be denied that…不可否认……It must be pointed out that…需指出的是……

2.连接代词who ，what ，which, whatever, whichever, whoever(Who, whom, which, what 可以和ever构成合成词，和what一样引导从句，ever起到强调作用。此类主语从句不能用形式主语it引导，它们在句子中担任成分，不能省略，语序为陈述语序)

What many scientists believe is that the earth is round …

Who will take part in the meeting has not been decided.

Whoever breaks the law will be punished.

Which student will win is uncertain.

Whatever was said here must be kept secret. 这里说的话都应当保密。Whoever makes mistakes must correct them. 凡犯了错误的人都必须改正。

3)连接副词when，where，how，why等。

Why they suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery.

When they will leave is not decided.

Where she is from is unknown.

How we will paint the house has not been decided.

主语从句的规律：

找出下列句子中的错误，并总结规律

例1.When will he come is not known.

正：When he will come is not known.

规律一、主语从句一律用陈述语序，即主语在前，谓语在后。

例2. He will not come to the meeting this evening is true.

正：That he will not come to the meeting this evening is true.

规律二、连词that 在从句中无实际意义，但不能省略。

例3. If the meeting will be put off has not been decided yet.

正：Whether the meeting will be put off has not been decided yet.

规律三、whether 可以引导主语从句，放在句首，但if不能

例4. That whether he will help others is a fact.

正：That he will help others is a fact.

规律四、主语从句中的连词不能重叠使用。

例5. When he will come are a puzzle.

正：When he will come is a puzzle.

规律五、含主语从句的主句谓语动词多用单数第三人称形式。

1. What he needs is that book.

2. What he needs are some books.

规律六、what 引导的主语从句，可根据表语决定主句动词的单复数形式。

That the earth turns around the sun is known to all.

It is known to all that the earth turns around the sun.

规律七、主语从句为了避免头重脚轻现象，用it 做形式主语，而把从句放在后面。

知识讲解——表语从句

1. The question is whether we can rely on him.

2. That’s because we were in need of money at that time.

3. He looked as if he was going to cry.

4. That’s why I was late.

一、表语从句的定义：表语从句在复合句中作主句的表语。表语从句和主语指同一内容，它对主语进行解释、说明，使主语的内容具体化。

结构是“主语+系动词+表语从句”。可以接表语从句的系动词有be, look, remain, seem等。

连接词：that / whether /as if /as though

连接代词：who / whom / whose / which / what

连接副词：when / where / why / how / because

二、引导词的用法

1.that在表语从句中既不充当成分,又没有意义。

The fact isthat he hasn’t yet recovered from illness.

The reason why he has to go is that his mother is ill in bed.

2.whether在表语从句中表“是否”,但不充当句子的成分。if 不能引导表语从句.如: What the doctor really doubts is whether my mother will recover from the serious disease soon. The question is whether it is worth doing.

3. what 在表语从句中充当主语、宾语或表语表示什么，什么样子，或所…的（人或事）The question is what caused the accident.

That mountain is no longer what it used to be.

What he told you was what had been discussed at the meeting.

4. who 在表语从句中充当主语、宾语或表语表示谁.

The problem is who could do the work

My trouble is who (whom) I can turn to.

5. which 在引导表语从句时,常充当定语,表语表示其中哪一个。如：

I read about it in some book or another, but what I don’t know is which (book) it is.

6. 由as if ,as though引导表语从句，表示好像。句子中的系动词常用look, appear, seem等。It looks as if it isgoing to rain.

The young man with long hair looks as if he were a girl.

7.当主句的主语为reason,或者是由why引导的从句时,与它们相关的表语从句用that来

引导, 而不能由because引导; because 引导表语从句时只能用于It/That/This is /was because…句型中.

The reason why I was late was that I missed the train.

I was late. It/That/This was because I missed the train.

8. 当表语从句中主语、宾语、表语具备，但是还是要表示疑问含义，可以判断句子中缺少状语，常常用相应的特殊疑问词引导，有why, when, where, how等

This is how he did it.

That’s why we’ve given you the letter.

三、表语从句引导词注意事项

1. that引导表语从句时不能省.

2. if不能引导表语从句.

3.除that外的所有引导词都有自己的意义。

4. 除that, whether外的所有引导词都须在从句中充当相应的成分

同位语从句

观察下列句子划线的部分。

1. The news that we won the game is exciting.

2. I have no idea when he will come back home.

3. Word came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill.

4. They are investigating the question whether the man is trustworthy.

同位语从句

1. 概念:

同位语是句子成分的一种, 它位于名词、代词后面, 说明它们的性质和情况, 它可以由

名词、代词、名词性短语或从句充当。

2. 功能:同位语从句对名词进一步解释、说明名词的具体内容。常跟的抽象名词有:

Fact/ idea /reason/ thought / order /doubt/ news / hope/ truth / belief / theory / decision / discovery / problem / evidence / opinion

4. 连词that/whether/who/ which/ what /when/where/why/how

同位语从句有时被别的词把它和名词隔开：

The story goes that William Tell killed the king with an arrow.

Word came that their team had won.

1.由从属连词that，whether引导的同位语从句。（不作成分，不能省略）

Information has been put forward that more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.有消息透露，大学将招收更多的中学毕业生。

The fact that we lack enough phones needs to be considered.

The idea that computers can recognize human voices surprises many people.

I didn't receive the news that the meeting had been put off.我没有听到会议被推迟的消息。

2.由关系代词引导的同位语从句。（who, what, whatever, whoever等作主语、宾语、表语）

The question who should be the first has not been settled.谁应该是第一名的问题还没有定下来。

You can have no idea what he said.你根本想不到他说了些什么。

3.由关系副词引导的同位语从句。（where, when, why, how作状语）

I have no idea when he will be back.我不知道他什么时候回来。

They usually write exact instructions how the music is to be played.他们通常为如何演奏乐曲写出精确的说明。

专题训练

名词性从句

1. Despite the rule _____ mobile phones are forbidden in class, my deskmate can’t help playing

phone games occasionally.

A. which

B. what

C. that

D. where

2. Undoubtedly speaking, Jobs’ digital products are of great benefit to _____ applies them at work.

A. whoever

B. whatever

C. who

D. what

3. You can’t tell what we are discussing here to _______ you think may be related to the case.

A. whoever

B. who

C. whomever

D. whom

4. I don’t see much chance _______ the girl injured in the train accident will recover completely

so as to walk all on her own.

A. which

B. that

C. if

D. until

5. _______ there is life on another planet, most scientists believe, is almost impossible.

A. Whether

B. What

C. That

D. How

6. —Mum, why do you keep staring at me? Have I done anything wrong?

—You look stupid! The way you are dressed is ______ annoys me most.

A. which

B. where

C. how

D. what

7. The most important thing we must consider before carrying out the plan is ______ it is possible

for us to carry it on.

A. when

B. why

C. whether

D. that

8. Is it the fact ____ he hasn’t turned in his research report?

A. whether

B. that

C. which

D. why

9. _____ is known to us all is that the 30th Olympic Games will take place in 2012 in London.

A. As

B. Which

C. It

D. What

10. The term “culture” really means _____ you believe to be normal. This includes anything from the food you eat to the expectations you have in life.

A. what

B. that

C. which

D. why

11. Evidence _____ basic research skills are on the decline demonstrates that the Internet has a negative side.

A. why

B. that

C. how

D. if

12. Another cultural reason ____ doing journalism is tough here is _____ people don’t want to

stick their necks out.

A. that; because

B. why; because

C. for which; why

D. why; that

13. _________ gets home first is to cook supper for our big family.

A. Who

B. Whoever

C. Whom

D. Those who

14. Some one else defines who they are and they stand for as public figures.

A. whether

B. that

C. what

D. how

15. It should be obvious to everyone we need to make some changes.

A. that

B. how

C. what

D. where

16. ______ the coming Olympic Park’s architects have in mind is to build the largest urban park in

Europe in 150 years.

A. What

B. How

C. That

D. Which

17.The figures are further evidence ______ children are more likely to become near-sighted.

A. what

B. that

C. why

D. which

18. Employers often give jobs to they believe has work experience and a strong sense of duty.

A. whoever

B. whomever

C. who

D. whom

19. If you often feel tired out and can't focus your attention, that is you have to stop working and to have a rest.

A. why

B. whether

C. when

D. what

20. The fact that fun is not equal to happiness may be the opposite of ______ many people

actually understand.

A. why

B. that

C. which

D. what

21. The government worked out a project ______ the children in mountainous areas can be offered

free lunch.

A. which

B. that

C. what

D. when

22. ______ is believed to be the most excellent in all aspects will win a scholarship.

A. Whom

B. Whomever

C. Who

D. Whoever

23.________was not the way the event happened yesterday.

A. What reported

B. That the press reported

C. What the press reported

D. The press reported

24. The place at which the bridge is supposed to be built should be ____________________ the cross-river trafficis the heaviest.

A. which

B. where

C. at which

D. /

25. When we left, the news came _______________ the protests against the Egyptian president had broken out.

A. which

B. what

C. that

D. whether

专题精讲

1. As the day of the party came near, Merlin began to think (20) ________ to make a grand entrance at the party.

【思路解析】根据空格前动词判断句子为宾语从句，在连接代词/副词引导的宾语从句中，当从句主语与主句主语，宾语从句可简化为“连接代词/副词+不定式”结构。再根据意思，缺方式状语，填how。

2.Evidence came up _____ specific speech sounds are recognized by babies as young as six months old.

【思路解析】关键词是evidence，判断该句为同位语从句，从句解释说明evidence的内容，并且从句不缺成分，无疑问语气，填that。

3. I haven’t decided _____ hotel to stay at.

【思路解析】名词性从句，空格后有名词，作定语，填which。

5. The announcement ______all flight were canceled because of bad weather greatly distressed the

waiting passengers.

【思路解析】同位语从句，解释说明announcement的内容，从句不缺成分，无意义，填that。

6. A more important question is ______these ideas are well or ill founded.

【思路解析】表语从句，从句不缺成分，但是有疑问语气，并且出现关键词or，故填whether。注意：名词性从句一般情况下避免用if.

7. The old gentleman never fails to help ______is in need of his help.

【思路解析】从句为宾语从句，缺主语，指人，泛指, 填whoever。

8. _______ some mammals came to live in the sea is not known.

【思路解析】主语从句，根据语境，填表示方式的副词how。

9. We should pay attention to ______ the teacher is saying.

【思路解析】宾语从句，从句缺宾语，指物，填what。

10.It is generally considered unwise to give a child ____ he or she wants.

【思路解析】从句缺宾语，指物，根据句意泛指任何东西，whatever。

11.Why the explosion occurred was ________ the laboratory attendant had been careless.

【思路解析】表语从句，不缺成分，无意义，填that。

12.________ he said has nothing to do with this task.

【参考答案】what

【思路解析】主语从句，缺宾语，指物，填what。

13.________ breaks the law deserves a fine.

【思路解析】主语从句，从句缺主语，指人，根据句意泛指任何人，填whoever。

14.The question remains _______ we should accept their invitation.

【思路解析】表语从句，从句不缺成分，根据句意有疑问语气，填whether。

15.Free movie tickets will be sent to _______ come first.

【思路解析】宾语从句，从句缺主语，指代人，且根据句意，泛指。填whoever。

高考英语语法状语从句习题及讲解

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