英语6级改错精选

一、改错形式有以下三类:

1、错词（words mistaken）

在标有题号的一行中有一词在词法、搭配或词义等方面有错误，要求考生找出错误并换上正确的词（change a word），这类错误在所有错误中占绝大多数。

2、缺词（words missing）

在标有题号的一行的任何位置——包括行首词前和行末词后——缺了一词，要求考生按语法、搭配或上下文语义的需要找出缺词的位置并补上所缺的词（insert a word）。

3、多词（words redundant）

在标有题号的一行中有一词按语法、搭配或上下文语义要求纯属多余，要求考生认定该多余的词并划去（cross out a word）。短文共有10处错误，但究竟哪一行多一词，哪一行缺一词或错一词，则没有任何规律和标记。

历年考题的统计资料表明，绝大多数改错设计为错词一类。其主要原因除了命题因素外，更由于这类错误形式难度较大，并更能考查考生的实际语言驾驭能力。改错规则:不论是错词，缺词或多词，考生在改错时只能动一个词。

二、短文改错的命题考点：

一）、上下文语义方面的错误

1、反义词

这是短文改错中出现频率较高也是短文改错中最具特色的一种错误类型，这类错误必须在透彻理解上下文语义的基础上才能发现并更正。常见的这类错误有：

①派生反义词。如：encourage-discourage，load-unload，satisfy-dissatisfy等。

②互补性反义词。如：dead-alive，boy-girl，man-woman，male-female，brother-sister，married-single等。

③换位性反义词。如：buy-sell，give-receive，lend-borrow，husband-wife，parent-child，left-right等。

④相对性反义词。如：easy-hard，big-small，cold-hot，old-young，wide-narrow，love-hate等。

⑤按上下文语义，行中多用了not或no，或必须添上not或no。

2、连接性词语

连接性词语虽属传统的语法题，但其用法主要依据上下文语义上的逻辑关系，即对上下文的理解。短文改错设计中的连接性词语的错误包括：

①并列连词。如：and，but，for，or等。

②主从连词。这类词较多，如：because，（al）though，if，unless，before，after，until，as，while，whereas等。

③连接性副词。如：however，moreover，besides，nevertheless，then，thus等。

④连接性介词。如：because of，despite，besides，instead of等。

二）、用法搭配方面的错误

1、介词

介词主要涉及用法与搭配，是短文改错中出现频率最高，也是考生最易失分的一类题型，要在这类题型的辨错改错上有所突破，考生必须注意平时介词用法知识的积累。在改错中，请注意从以下几个方面辨认。

①介词与动词的搭配。如：accuse sb.of，charge sb. with，prevent sb. from，prohibit sb.from，differ from，contribute to等。

②介词与名词的搭配。如:count on，influence on，improve on，belief in，confidence in，advantage over，preference over，attitude to，solution to等。

③介词与形容词的搭配。如：different from，indifferent to，dependent on，independent of，guilty of，innocent of，persistent in，proficient in等。

④由介词引起的短语。如：in contrast，in turn，in the long run，by means of，in terms of，on good/bad terms with，on the contrary，by

chance，by turns等。

2、成语

短文改错的命题标的也常对准各类成语，尤其是成语中的介词、冠词和名词的单复数形式等。这类错误的出现频率也较高。

①介词错误。如：take pride for（→in），abide to（→by），persist on（→in），have no ear to（→for）等。

②冠词错误。如：in the contrast（in contrast），all of sudden（all of

a sudden），keep a pace with（keep pace with）等。

③名词单复数。如：take turn（take turns），make friend with（make friends with），keep/ break one's words（keep/break one's word）等。

三）、动词方面的错误

1、分词

主要是现在分词和过去分词的误用。如：a puzzled question→a puzzling question，an exciting girl→an excited girl

2、系动词

①be以外的其他系动词被误用作行为动词，后面应该接形容词作表语，但接了副词。如：The meal smells badly.→The meal smells bad.

②系动词be在某些形容词前常受汉语影响而被遗漏。这些形容词有afraid，alive，aware，conscious，guilty，worth等。

3.动词的及物与不及物

改错中常有不及物动词被误用作及物动词（缺介词），或及物动词被误用作不及物动词（多介词）。前者如：complain the bad service there（应加of）。后者如：consider of his suggestion（应删of）

4.短语动词

主要是带介词或副词的短语动词，常设计成介词或副词小品词的错误。由于这类错误主要是搭配问题，我们将它归入第二类用法搭配方面的错误一并讨论。

5、句型。这类错误主要涉及：

①动词句型

主要是带复杂宾语的动词的固定搭配模式。如：find it neccessary to do th，spend sometime（in）doing sth，make sb.do sth.，leave sth.to sb.，be seen to do/doing sth.等。

②传统句型

即传统语法概念上与动词有关的句子模式。主要有以下几类:

a）省略句型。如

While watch TV，they heard someone upstairs shout“Fire! Fire!”（watch→watching）

b）动词非谓语形式作主语、宾语。有时需用it作形式主语或形式宾语。如：This is no good arguing with him.（This→It）

We think that necessary to have the bridge built first.（that→it）

在复合宾语中，有时可直接用动名词作宾语;动名词或动词不定式可以作主语，但动词原形则不能直接充当句子主语。如:

The new policy made to make our ends meet possible.（to make→making）

Know only the rules is not enough.（Knows→Knowing或To know） 6.语气、语态、时态

这类错误在数量上所占比例极少，主要是虚拟语气的用法错误、被动语态的误用及过去时与现在时的混用。

四）、近形近义类错误

1、近形

主要指在拼写上容易混淆的单词。如：

adapt-adopt，crash -crush，confirm -conform，desert -dessert，formal -former，ingenious -ingenuous，instance -instant，personal -personnel，principal -principle，stationary -stationery等。

2、近义

主要指词义概念相近的词。如：

besides -except，doubt -suspect，discover -invent，efficient

-effective，noise -voice

3、近形近义

主要指词义概念和拼写上都容易相混的单词。这类错误比近形或近义较多见，相对难度也略大，这样的单词有：

across-cross，affect-effect，economic-economical，emigrate-immigrate，historic-historical，continual-continuous，assure-ensure-insure-sure，late -later -lately -latest -latter，medical -medicinal，rise -arise -raise -arouse，technique -technology等。

五）、其他语法方面的错误

1、词性

涉及：①名词与动词的误用。如：approval——approve，sale——sell

②名词与形容词的误用。如：medicine——medical/ medicinal，emotion——emotional

③形容词与副词的误用。如：high——highly，mere——merely

这类错误常出现在be以外的系动词后。如：feel badly→feel bad，grow uneasily→grow uneasy

2、代词

代词错误是短文改错中出现频率较高的几类错误之一，几乎每套

试题中都有。主要涉及：

①指代错误。主要是第三人称代词指代的误用;不定代词one和those与人称代词you和them的混用及指人与指物的误用等。

②关系代词的误用。主要为that与which、who与which、as与which的误用;what与that的混用。

③形式代词it与this、that的误用。如：

find this important to preview the lesson（这里的this应改为形式宾语it）。

④不定代词的误用。主要为不定代词与指示代词these或人称代词的误用，如somone /sombody、everyone /everybody被误用作复数指代；some-、any-类合成代词与no-类合成代词的混用等。

3、名词的数

这类错误主要涉及：

①可数名词与不可数名词概念的混淆；

②需用复数时误用单数；

③不规则复数名词的曲折变化形式错误等。如：find a work→find

a job，these phenomenon→these phenomena

4、冠词

主要为：

①该用冠词时漏用；

②不该用冠词时赘用；

③the与a/an误用；

④a与an混用。如：tell truth→tell the truth，give a rise to→give rise to

5、主谓一致

这类错误常被设计在句型较为复杂的结构中，要特别小心。常见以下几种情况：

①主语较长或谓语动词离主语较远：

The child，being taken care of by its grandparents，are deaf and mute.（are→is）

②倒装句：

Standing in a line along the corridor is3 groups of young pioneers who will set out on an expedition.（is→are）

③定语从句：

The book many students found interesting that were written by a famous American scientist came out only last month.（were→was）

④特殊句型：

There are no denying the facts and there are no facts that can be

turned a blind eye to either.（第一个are→is）

6、形容词、副词及其比较级

形容词和副词的错误设计主要为：①两者的词性混淆；②比较级错误。前者已在前面词性部分论及，后者主要涉及比较物与被比较物之间的平行问题。

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