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初中英语语法(主谓一致)

初中英语语法(主谓一致)

初中英语语法(主谓一致)

第七节前后呼应

主谓一致的基本原则

主谓一致有以下三条原则:

1)语法一致原则,即在语法形式上取得一致。例如,主语是单数形式,谓语动词也采取单数形式;主语是复数形式,谓语动词也采取复数形式。

例如:The students are very young.This picture looks beautiful.

2)意义一致原则,即从意义着眼处理一致关系。例如,主语形式虽是单数但意义是复数,谓语动词也采取复数形式;而有些主语形式虽是复数但意义上看作单数,谓语动词也采取单数形式。

1.The people in that country are fighting for independence.

2.The crowd deeply respect their leader.

3.Three years in a strange land seems a long time.

3)就近原则,即谓语动词的单数或复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。例如:

Neither he nor I am going to see the film tonight because we are busy.

2.主谓一致的用法

根据以上三条原则,主谓一致有如下用法:

1)下列结构作主语,谓语动词一般用单数形式

a.表示时间、重量、长度、价值的名词作主语,谓语动词通常用单数形式。例如:

1.Two hundred miles is a long distance.

2.Ten dollars is a high price for that book.

b.由anyone,anything,anybody,no one,nothing,

everyone,everybody,everything,someone,somebody,each,either,neither等不定代词作主语,谓语动词使用单数形式。例如:

1.Someone is knocking at the door.

2.Anything is better than going to the movie tonight.

c.由“a series of,a kind of,a portion of +名词”作主语,谓语动词应用单数形式。例如:

A series of debates is scheduled to be held next week.

d.由“many a,more than one +单数名词”作主语,尽管意义上表示复数,但谓语动词仍采用单数形式。例如:

Many a person in these circumstances has hoped for a long break.

There is more than one answer to your question.

e.“名词+and+名词”作主语,表示同一人、同一概念或事物时,谓语动词用单数形式。例如:

A writer and educator is giving a lecture now.(这个人既是作家又是教育家)

f."either (neither) + of +复数名词(或代词)"作主语,谓语动词用单数形式。例如:

1.If either of you takes a vacation now,we will not be able to finish the work.

2.Neither of them wants to come.

g.在each…and each…,every…and every…等结构之后,谓语动词用单数形式。例如:

Each man and each woman has the right to vote.

h.动词不定式、动名词或分句作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式。例如:

What I want to say is none of your business.

Listening to the classical music is enjoyable.

i.以-ics结尾的复数名词指一门学科时,如politics(政治学),

mathematics(数学),statistics(统计学),acoustics(声学),linguistics(语言学)等,谓语动词用单数形式。例如:

Mathematics is what he majors in.

2)下列结构作主语,谓语动词单复数形式取决于of后的名词。

a.由“a11,none,no,most,half,the last,the rest,the remainder+of+名词”等不定代词作主语,谓语动词单复数形式由of后名词的单复数而定。例如:

None of the food is wasted.

None of the students were absent.

The rest of the lecture was dull.

The rest of the bikes were on sale yesterday.

b.由"lots of,heaps of,loads Of,scads of +名词”作主语,谓语动词单复数形式由of后名词的单复数而定。例如:Lots of work is to be done this week.

Lots of people are going to swim this afternoon.

There is loads of milk on the farm.

There are loads of big red apples on the ground.

There is heaps of fun.

c.由“分数或百分数十of +名词或代词”作主语,谓语动词的单复数形式取决于of后名词或代词的单复数形式。例如:

Three-quarters of the area is cultivated.

Ninety percent of the students have passed the exam.

3)下列结构作主语,谓语动词的单复数形式根据意义而定。

a.由“the+形容词” 这种结构作主语,根据意义一致的原则决定谓语动词的单复数形式。如果表示一类人 (如the rich,the poor,the blind,the deaf,the sick,the young,the old),谓语动词用复数形式;如果表示个人或抽象概念,谓语动词用单数形式。例如:The blind are taught trades in special schools. (表示一类人)

The good in him overweighs the bad. (表示抽象概念)

The departed was a good friend of his. (表示个人)

b.family,crowd,committee,class,audience,group,government,team,public,majority,minority等集合名词作主语,谓语动词单复数形式应根据意义而定。例如:

The family like to listen to the music.(the family指这家人,用作复数)

The family is small.(the family指这个家庭,用作单数)

The committee has considered your proposal.(the committee指委员会,用作单数)

The committee were arguing for an hour before they gave their votes. (the committee指委员会的委员们,用作复数) 下列结构作主语,谓语动词一般单复数均可。

a. 以数词为名词词组中心词作主语时,谓语动词一般单复数均可。例如:

Five and six make/makes eleven.

Seven times ten are seventy.

但是:Twenty from thirty leaves ten.

Six sevens are forty-two.

b.由"one in/out of +名词”作主语,谓语动词单复数均可。例如:

One in ten were/was present.

下列结构作主语,谓语动词用复数形式。

由and或both…and连接两个单数形式的名词词组作主语时,一般谓语动词用复数形式。例如:

A girl and a boy want to go.

Both rice and wheat are grown in that country.

6)下列结构作主语,谓语动词单复数形式视具体情况而定。

a.由as well as,together with,besides, like,along with,with but,except,accompanied by,rather than,including 连接两个名词作主语,谓语单复数形式应由连接词前的名词而定。例

如:

The president of the college,together with the deans,is planning a conference for the purpose of laying down certain regulations.

The young mother with her two children is coming now.The plant manager,like many technicians,is experienced in designing new products.

b.“名词+of+名词”作主语,谓语动词单复数形式跟of前的名词一致。例如:

The picture of the children brings back many memories of my past experiences.

The effects of cigarette smoking have been proved to be extremely harmful.

c.由not only…but also,either…or,neither…nor或or连接的并列主语,通常根据就近一致原则,谓语动词的单复数形式由最接近它的名词词组的单复数形式决定。例如:

He or you have taken my pen.

Neither the students nor the teacher knows anything about it.

One or two days are enough to visit the city.

d.there be句型中的谓语动词单复数形式一般取决于其后的真正主语的单复数形式。例如:

There is a garden in front of the house.

There are two things I'd like to say here.

7)关于几对容易混淆词组的一致用法

a.由"this/that kind/type of +名词”作主语,谓语动词用单数形式;而由"these/those kind/type of +复数名词”作主语,谓语动词用复数形式。例如:

1.This kind of apples is highly priced.

2.Those kind(s) of tests are good.

b.由“a number of,a total of,an average of +复数名词”作主语,谓语动词用复数形式;由“the number of,the total of,the average of +复数名词”作主语,谓语动词用单数形式。例如:

A number of students are waiting for the bus.

The number of the students in this university is increasing yearly.

c.one of,the (only) one of的一致用法

This is one of the books that have been recommended.

This is the (only) one of the books that has been recommended.

3.前后呼应的用法

1)当everyone,everybody,no one,nobody,anyone,anybody,someone,somebody,everything,anything,something,nothing等用作主语时,其相应的代词一般用单数形式。例如:

If anybody calls,tell him that I'm out.

Something strange happened,didn't it?

Every passenger has to carry his own luggage.

2)人称代词与名词的呼应:人称代词I (me),he (him),she (her),it (it)都是代替前面的单数名词,而they (them),we (us)则是代替复数名词的,you既可以代表单数,也可以代表复数。但表示泛指的时候,用he或one来表示。例如:

If a young person enters a classical music field only for money,he is in the wrong profession.

The leaves of the red maple are highly poisonous to horses and when ingested can kill them within fifteen hours。

3)物主代词与名词的呼应:my,our,his,her,its,their要与代替的名词在数上一致。例如:

The welfare department,as well as the other social services,will have its budget cut.

Delphins are warm-blooded;that is,their body temperature always stays about the same,regardless of the surroundings.

4)反身代词与其所代成分间的呼应。

Many primitive people believed that by eating an animal they could get some of the good qualities of that animal for themselves.

Everybody clings to this illusion about himself.

I have just been out to get myself a cup of tea.

5)指示代词与所代名词间的呼应:this和that指代单数名词或不可数名词,these和those指代复数名词 (those还可以用作先行词,引导定语从句,表示“那些人”)。例如:

She invited all those who had been her former colleagues.The amount of the pressure caused by the weight of a column of fluid is determined by the height of this column.

6) much和much of后接不可数名词,而many和many of后接可数名词的复数。例如:

There is not much coal left.

A great many of the houses were knocked down by the earthquake.

7)表示量的词后面有的接可数名词,有的接不可数名词。接可数名词的有:a number of,a range of,a series of十复数名词;接不可数名词的有:a great deal of,an amount of十不可数名词;既可接可数又可接不可数名词的有:a lot of,a variety of。例如:

1.The government attached a great deal of importance to education.

2.Quite a number of women applied for this job.

3.The college library has a variety of books.

4.An apple is a variety of fruit.

5.A wide range of disorders can affect the human

muscular system.

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初三语法主谓一致3篇

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就近一致原则指的是谓语动词的人称和数与并列主语中最靠近它的那个主语保持一致。No food or water is allowed to take with. Either several telephones or a fax machine is needed in my office. Neither you nor he knows how to answer the question. Not only the students but (also)their teacher likes the film. There is a table and four chairs in the room. There are four chairs and a table in the room. 二、主谓一致的具体情况 1、不定式、动名词作主语 单个的不定式、动名词作主语时谓语动词一般用单数形式。由and连接的两个或多个不定式、动名词作主语表示两个不同的概念时,谓语动词一般用复数形式。 To learn a foreign language well is not easy. Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes. To do and to say are two different things. 2、and,both...and连接的并列成分作主语 在连词and或both...and连接的并列主语后面,要用复数形式的谓语动词。 New York and Boston are American cities. Both bread and butter are sold out. 特别提示: 由and 连接的并列主语,如果是指一个人或一种事物时,其后的谓语动词就用单数形式。The writer and artist has come.那位作家兼艺术家已经来了。 A knife and fork is on the table.餐桌上有一副刀叉。 Fish and chips is a popular food.炸鱼加薯条是一种很受欢迎的食物。 Five and five makes ten.5加5等于10。 3、More than one...,many a...作主语

2023年初中英语语法之主谓一致考点难点分析讲义

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往用复数形式,故谓语用复数。如: The trousers are very cheap and I want to take them.(裤子很便宜,我想买) 6、a lot of 后跟名词复数时谓语用复数形式,跟不可数名词时谓语用单数形式。如: A lot of students are playing baseball now.(现在有许多学生在打垒球) A lot of time was wasted on that work.(大量的时间花在了那个工作上)(被动句) 7、and 连接两个名词做主语时,谓语原则上用复数,但是两个名词若构成一个整体事物时,谓语则用单数。如: The teacher and his son are picking apples now.(老师和他的儿子在摘苹果) Fish and chips is very famous food. (鱼和薯条是一种出名的食品) 8、 there be 句型中be的单复数一般由靠近的名词决定。如: There is a table and four chairs in the room.(房间里有一张桌子和四张椅子) 9、用both…and…连接两个事物做主语时,谓语一般用复数。如: Both you and I are required to be here tomorrow.(你和我明天要求都来)

初中英语语法-----主谓一致

初中英语语法精讲精练:主谓一致主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致。表现在三个方面:语法一致;意义一致;就近一致(就近原则)。 一、语法一致(意义一致):主语复数---- 谓语复数;主语单数----- 谓语单数 1、主语复数的情况---- 谓复 ⑴ people, police, staff, crowd, sheep, cattle等集体名词作主语,谓语动词用复数形式。 The police are waiting for the boy. The staff are dressed as clowns. ⑵由both…and…连接两个单数名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式; Both his father and his mother are both teachers. 他的爸爸和妈妈都是老师。 ⑶“定冠词+姓氏复数形式”表示一家人时,谓语一般用复数。 The Smiths are having dinner. ⑷ the +a. 表一类人,做主语,谓语用复数;但表示抽象概念时,用单数形式:The poor aren’t always very sad, while the rich aren’t always happy. The beautiful lives forever. 美是永存的。 2、主语单数的情况----- 谓单 ⑴单数名词(代词),不可数名词作主语时,谓语用单数形式: Some water is in the bottle.

The boy is playing football on the playground. ⑵ many a+单数名词作主语,意义虽为“许多”,但谓语要用单数形式: Many a student has been to Shanghai. ⑶ more than one+单数名词作主语,谓语用单数。例如: More than one student has ever been to Beijing. 不止一个学生曾经去过北京。 ⑷表示时间,价格,重量,数目,长度等度量词或短语作主语时,常看作整体概念,谓单: Two months is a long holiday. 两个月是一个长假。 Twenty pounds isn’t so heavy. 2 0英镑并不太重。 Ten miles isn’t a long distance. 1 0英里并不是一段很长的距离。 ⑸表加减乘除的数学运算做主语,谓单: Three plus two is five. Five minus four is one. Three times two is six. Eight divided by four is two. ⑹ each A and each B 和every A and every B 作主语,谓单: Each boy and each girl has got a seat. 每个男孩和女孩都有一个座位。 Every man and every woman is at work. 每个男人和女人都在工作。 ⑺ one and a half+复数名词作主语,谓单: One and a half hours is enough. 一个半小时足够了。 ⑻动词不定式,动名词,句子作主语时,谓单:

初中英语语法 主谓一致

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三、以there be句型为主语时,谓语动词的单复数要与后面的名词一致。 例如: 1. There is a book on the desk.(桌子上有一本书。) 2. There are some students in the classroom.(教室里有一些学生。) 四、当主语既有单数的词又有复数的词时,谓语动词要根据靠近谓语动词的词来判断单复数形式。 例如: 1. My brother and sisters are playing in the park.(我弟弟和姐姐们正在公园里玩。) 2. A cup and two plates were on the table.(桌子上有一杯和两个盘子。) 五、当以either…or、neither…nor、not only…but also…等词连接的主语为两个单数时,谓语动词要用单数形式。 例如: 1. Either Tom or his brother is going to the party.(汤姆或他的弟弟要去参加聚会。) 2. Not only the teacher but also the students is/are doing the experiment.(不仅是老师而且学生们也在做实验。注意这里is/are的用法较为含糊,可以根据语境选择。)

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3. there be句式中的be动词形式根据be后的第一个名词的数而确定用单数还是用复数形式。如: There is a pen and some books on the desk.书桌上有一支钢笔和几本书。 There are two pandas and a tiger in this zoo.这个动物园有两只熊猫,一只老虎。 4.如果由and连接的两个做主语的单数名词指的是同一个人或物的时候,谓语动词要用单数形式。如: The singer and actor, Hu Ge, is very handsome.歌星兼演员的胡歌好帅。 The science and technology plays an important part in China.科学技术在中国扮演着重要的角色。 5.如果由and连接的两个或更多的主语名词之前有each, every, many a/an, no的时候,谓语要用单数形式。如: Every boy and girl in the class works very hard.班里的每一个学生都很努力。 Each minute and second is valuable to us.对于我们来说每分每秒都很珍贵。 6.主语是单数名词,后面跟有with, along with, together with, besides, as well as, but, except, no less than, rather than,

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2. 复数名词作主语时,要注意其是否看作一个整体,进而确定谓语动词的单复数形式。 例句:A pair of glasses is on the table.(看作一个整体) A pair of glasses are broken.(看作分开的两个镜片) 3. 复合主语的一致性:多个并列主语连用时,谓语动词与离它最近的主语保持一致。 例句:My dad and I go shopping every weekend. 三、注意事项 1. 某些名词虽然以复数形式出现,但指的是单一事物,谓语动词应该用单数形式。 例句:Physics is my favorite subject. 2. 集体名词既可以看作整体,也可以看作个体。若看作整体,则谓语动词用单数形式;若看作个体,则谓语动词用复数形式。 例句:The team is practicing for the competition.(看作整体) The team are arguing with each other.(看作个体) 3. 某些名词在作主语时,谓语动词的单复数形式并没有固定规则,需要根据实际语义判断。 例句:The news is important.(作不可数名词,看作整体) The news are interesting.(作可数名词,看作分开的几条新闻)

初中英语语法主谓一致学习之语法一致

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What is this?(这是什么?)在这个句子中,“what”指代的是“this”,是一个单数名词,所以谓语动词“is”也要用单数形式“is”。 What will happen tomorrow?(明天会发生什么?)在这个句子中,“what”指代的是“tomorrow”,是一个单数名词,所以谓语动词“will happen”也要用单数形式“will happen”。 2. 当由连接词and或both … and连接的名词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语以及句子作主语时,谓语动词要用复数形式。 例如: And the dogs barked at the mailman.(狗们冲着邮递员叫唤。)在这个句子中,“and”连接了两个名词“dogs”和“mailman”,所以谓语动词“barked”要用复数形式“barked”。 Both my sisters are teachers.(我的两个姐姐都是老师。)在这个句子中,“both”连接了两个名词“my sisters”,所以谓语动词“are”要用复数形式“are”。 I enjoy playing soccer and basketball.(我喜欢踢足球和打篮球。)在这个句子中,“both”连接了两个动词不定式短语“enjoy playing soccer”和“enjoy playing basketball”,所以谓语动词“enjoy”也要用复数形式“enjoy”。 The dog chased both the cat and the bird.(这只狗追着猫和鸟跑。)在这个句子中,“both”连接了两个名词“cat”和“bird”,所以谓语动词“chased”要用复数形式“chased”。 注意:有时,一些用and连接的主语表达的却是单数的概念,这时谓语动词也应用单数形式。 例如: And the cat chased the mouse.(猫追着老鼠跑。)在这个句子中,“cat”和“mouse”这两个名词作为主语出现,但它们表达的概念是单数,因此谓语动词“chased”也要用单数形式“chased”。

初中英语语法主谓一致

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