高中英语选修八_Unit_1_导学案

单词导学案1

选修8 Unit 1 A land of diversity

核心单词

1. distinction

n.差别；区分；卓著

常用结构：

make a distinction between 对……加以区分

win a distinction for 因……而获功勋

without distinction 无差别地；一视同仁地

联想拓展

distinct adj. 清晰的；明显的；明确的

be distinct in ...from ... 在某方面与……不同

（as）distinct from ... 与……不同（的）

He has a distinct gift for drawing.他有很明显的绘画天赋。

You should make your writing distinct.

你应该把字写清楚。

高手过招

翻译句子

①There is a distinct possibility that she’ll be your teacher next term.

②Those two ideas are quite distinct from each other.

2. means

n. 手段；方法（单数和复数形式相同）

常用结构：

by means of 用……办法；借助……

by all means 一定，务必；好的，当然可以

by no means 决不，一点也不（位于句首时，句子用部分倒装）

by every means 用尽一切可能的办法

易混辨析

means/way/method

means指“方法、方式、工具”，着重于具体的手段（单复数形式相同）。

way指“一般的方法、方式或个人的特殊方法、方式”，与技巧或效果的好坏无关。 method指“有系统的、有效率的精心拟定的方法”，也可以指抽象概念“条理”。

a way to do sth.／a way of doing sth./a method of doing sth. 做……的方法

in this way/with the method/by this means 用这种／些方法

by the way 顺便问一下

on one’ s way to ... 在去……的路上

in the way 挡住路

温馨提示

means作主语且有every, each等词修饰时，谓语动词用单数；有some, several, many, few 等词修饰时，谓语动词用复数。Radio and television are important means of communication. 无线电和电视是重要的通信手段。

Please find an alternative means of transport.

请另外找一种运输方式。

Every means has been tried. 每种方法都试过了。

All means have been tried. 所有方法都试过了。

She could not speak, but made her wishes known by means of signs.她不会说话，但她用手势表达了她的愿望。

高手过招

(1)单项填空

—May I have a look at your book

— . （2010·01·江苏南京检测）

A. By this means

B. By all means

C. By this way

D. By any means

（2）翻译句子

①这绝非解决问题的良计。

②他借助一根绳子慢慢地下来了。

3. majority

n. 大多数；大半

A/The majority of doctors agree that smoking is extremely harmful to health.

大多数医生认为吸烟对健康极为有害。

The majority was/were in favour of the proposal.

多数人赞成这个建议。

常用结构：

be in the/a majority 构成大部分/大多数

a majority over sb. 超过对方的票数

联想拓展

major adj.&n. 较大的；主要的；主修，专攻

minority adj.&n.少数；少数民族；未成年

高手过招

(1)单项填空

Every means been tried and all well now.

A. have; go

B. has; go

C. has; goes

D. have; goes

（2）完成句子

English speakers form the (大多数) of the population.

(3)用适当的介词填空

①Among the members of the committee those who favour the changes are the majority.

②They had a large majority the other party at the last election.

(4)用括号内所给词的适当形式填空

①The majority of people (prefer) peace to war.

②The majority of the damage (be) easy to repair.

4. occur

vi.发生；存在；出现

常用结构：

occur to (主意或想法突然)浮现于脑中;被想起，被想到

it occurs to sb. to do sth. 使某人想到做某事

it occurs to sb. that ... 某人想到……

Just then an idea occurred to me. 就在那时我想起了一个主意。

It suddenly occurred to me that I had left my umbrella upstairs.我突然想到我把伞忘在楼上了。

易混辨析

happen/occur/take place

happen是一般用语，尤其指偶然发生，表示“碰巧、恰好”的意思。

occur 文言意味较浓,常指某特定事物的发生，也可以表示某种想法出现在人的头脑中。 take place 指事先计划或预料到的“发生”，此外还有“举行”的意思。

New things are happening all around us.新事物在我们周围不断发生。

The explosion occurred at 5:30 . 爆炸发生在早上5点30分。

When will the basketball game take place 篮球赛何时举行

高手过招

单项填空It suddenly to the detective that the millionaire was probably murdered by his own daughter.

A Happened B. occurred C. thought D. took place

5. indicate

vt. 指出；标示；表明；暗示

I asked him where my sister was and he indicated the shop opposite.我问他我姐姐在哪，他指了指对面的商店。

Research indicates that men find it easier to give up smoking than women.研究显示男人比女人更容易戒烟。

常用结构：

indicate sth. (to sb.)向（某人）表示某事；把……指给（某人）看

indicate that ...表示……；示意……

联想拓展

indication n. 指出；表明 indicative adj.指示的；暗示的

高手过招

完成句子

①The government has (表明) that it intends to cut taxes.

②A flashing red light (标示) that a stretch of road was undergoing repairs.

③There is every (表明) of a change in the weather.

6. live on

继续存在；继续生存

She lived on for many years after her husband died.

丈夫死后她继续活了许多年。

联想拓展

live on sth. 以某物为食；靠某种经济来源生活 live through sth. 经历某事物而幸存live up to sth. 依照某事物行事；表现出符合某事物的标准 live with sth. 接受或容忍某现象

live a... life 过着……的生活

高手过招

用live的相关短语填空

①The lonely old man charity.

②Mozart was dead but his music .

③My grandfather both world wars.

④We should work hard and try to our parents’ expectation s.

⑤The brave girl is learning to her disability.

单词导学案2

选修 8 Unit 1 A land of diversity

7. team up with

（与某人）一起工作（尤指为共同目标）；与……合作

The two companies have teamed up to develop a new racing car.那两个公司已合作研制新型赛车。

高手过招

完成句子

He (与某人一起合作) his brother in the doubles.

8. mark out

划线；标出……的界线

They marked out the tennis court with white paint.

他们用白漆标出了网球场的界线。

Some of the best pupils have been marked out for special training.已经选出几名出色的学生进行专门训练。

联想拓展

mark sb. out for sth. 选出/选定某人做某事 mark down 写下，记下；降低……的价格mark up 标出；提高……的价格 mark in加画；绘入

Just a moment. Let me mark down your name and address.等一下，让我把你的姓名和地址记下来。

Some shops marked up the goods unfairly.

有几家商店的货价提高得不合理。

He marked the book down to 49 cents.

他把书的标价降为49分。

高手过招

翻译句子

他被选定担当更高的职位。②我把那一点记在我的笔记本上。

9. take in

包括；吸收；接纳；欺骗

The students find it easy to take in what you teach.

学生们发现你讲课很容易理解。

He had nowhere to sleep so we offered to take him in.

他没地方可以睡觉，于是我们就提出让他留宿。

联想拓展

take down 拿下，取下；拆卸；记下

take back 取回，带回；收回说过的话；使……回忆起昔日

take up 开始从事；占用(时间或空间)；着手处理

take over 继承；接收，接管 take one s place 入座；代替某人的位置

take one s time 不急，慢慢干

高手过招

用take的相关短语填空

①Don’ t be by his promises.

②Who do you think will now that the governor has been dismissed

③These boxes of yours are too much space.

④I was really when seeing old photos.

⑤Dear ladies and gentlemen，please now .The opera is soon to begin.

⑥Tom carefully what the teacher said.

7. a great/good many 相当多，很多

[典例]

It all happened a good many years ago. 这发生在很多年前。

[重点用法]

a great/good many

a large number of

scores of

dozens of

many/few

修饰可数名词复数

many a 修饰可数名词

单数

a good/great deal of

a large/great amount

of

large amounts of

much / little / a

little

修饰不可数名

词

a lot of = lots of

plenty of

a large/great quantity of = quantities of

a supply of = supplies of

可数名词复数/不可数名词

[练习] 根据句子的要求翻译。

1). I’ ve known her for _______ _______ _______ (很多) years.

2). I imagine if one day I had _______ _______ _______ _______ (很多) money, I would

go traveling round the world.

Keys: 1). a great/good many 2). a good/great deal of 或a large/great amount of

阅读导学案3

选修 8 Unit 1 A land of diversity

重点句子

1. California is the third largest state in the USA but has the largest population.

加利福尼亚是美国第三大洲，但有着最多的人口。

[解释] 形容词的最高级前面可以被序数词以及by far，much，almost，nearly，not quite

等词修饰。

[练习] 翻译句子。

1). 黄河是中国第二长河。

______________________________________________________________________________

2). 亚洲是世界上最大的洲。

______________________________________________________________________________ 2. Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California, no one really knows. 没有人知道确切在什么时候第一批移民者到达我们今天所称为加利福尼亚的

地方。

[解释] what we now know as California是一个由what引导的名词性从句，做arrive in

的宾语, what是复合关系代词，相当于the thing(s)that，因此，在名词性从句中可以用the thing(s)that取代的，应该用what。

注意1：名词性从句中what与that的区别：that在名词性从句中不起句子成分的作用，what

必须起句子成分的作用。

注意2：名词性从句中what与which的区别：指代前文已经提到过的对象或范围时，用which，否则用what。

What he said sounds reasonable. (what作said的宾语)

That our team has won the game has been proved. (That在主语从句中不起句子成分的作用)

There are many books available. I don’ t know which to read. (which指的是前文提到的books的其中一本)

What book do you want to buy (前文没有提及买什么书或哪一类书)

[练习] 根据句子的意思填词。

1). This is ________ he wanted.

2). This is the thing ________ he wanted.

3). She is no longer ________ she used to be.

4). She is no longer the person ________ she used to be.

重点句型

10. Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California, no one really knows.

最早一批人具体是在什么时候来到我们现在了解的加利福尼亚地区的，谁也说不清楚。

what we now know as California是一个由what引导的名词性从句，作arrive in的宾语, what 是复合关系代词，相当于the thing(s) that。因此，在名词性从句中可以用the thing(s) that 取代的，只能用what。

联想拓展

①名词性从句中what与that的区别：that在名词性从句中不作句子成分，what必须作句子成分。

②名词性从句中what与which的区别：指代前文已经提到过的对象或范围时，用which，否则用what。

What he said sounds reasonable.

他说的听起来有道理。(what作said的宾语)

That our team has won the game has been proved.

已经证实我们队赢得了比赛。

(that在主语从句中不作句子成分)

There are many books available. I don t know which to read.有许多书可供阅读，但我不知道读哪一本。

(which指的是前文提到的books中的一本)

What book do you want to buy

你想买哪种书(没有提及买什么书或哪一类书)

高手过招

选词填空（that/what）

This is he wanted. ②This is the thing he wanted.

③She is no longer she used to be. ④She is no longer the person she used to be. 答案： ①what ②that ③what ④that 阅读导学案4 选修 8 Unit 1 A land of diversity 课文要点（模块） Q uestions of the text to the tape and find out the main idea. The text mainly introduces ________________ of California. It describes _______________________ happening in various times. It also tells us _____, ______ and _____ different people from all over the world having been immigrating to California. It explains to us ____________why it will be a simple multicultural community in the 21st century. is there strong Spanish influence in California _______ A. Because there were many Spanish staying in California. B. Because Spanish was one of the settlers living there. C. Because the local people loved Spanish culture. D. Because California was once ruled by Spain. 课文佳句背诵与仿写 1.【原句】You must be aware that it’s here that we found evidence of some of the earliest people who lived in this part of the world. 你们想必都很清楚，正是这个地方，我们找到了居住在世界上这个部分最早人类的证据。 句子结构：be aware that + it is …that…强调句 2．【原句】Worried about the preparations for her feast, Lala quickly turned for home with her collection of nuts, melons and other fruit. 拉拉担心她这次盛宴的准备工作，所以赶紧把坚果、甜瓜和其他水果收集起来就快步回家了。 句子结构：分词状语， + 主句 + with + … 3. 【原句】Lala accelerated her walk up the path to the caves fearing that there might be wild beasts lying in wait for her. 拉拉加快了回洞穴的步伐，担心会有野兽在等着

她。

句子结构：主句 + V-ing 分词作状语+宾语从句 + 分词作定语

课文词汇等填空 根据课文内容完成下面语法填空，注意单词拼写和词语用法： California is the _____1_____(three)largest state in the USA but has the largest population. It has _____2______ (attraction) people from all over the world. No one really knows when the first people arrived in ______3____ we now know as California. Now there are more Native Americans _____4_______ in California than in any other state. California _____5________(统治) by Spain and there is still a strong Spanish ______6_____（影响） in the state. People began _____7______（settle ） in California when gold _____8_______(发现)there. But people from Africa have been living there. It is believed that before long the mix of _____9______（国籍） will be so great that there will be no major racial of cultural groups, but simply a ____10______（mix ） of many culture 写作训练 请根据以下资料说明，使用5个规范句子描述所给信息内容。 世界上不同的地方社会习俗不同。比如，在美国两人第一次见面就彼此直呼其名。年轻人对老年人也都是这样。这在中国被认为是很不礼貌的。 另外一个不同是交谈时可以谈些什么。询问别人大衣的价格，中国人觉得没什么，而美国人则认为很不礼貌。 (写作要求) 1．标题；Social Customs between Americans and Chinese 2．必须使用5个句子介绍全部所给内容。

3．将5个句子组织成连贯的短文。

答案:

Social Customs between Americans and Chinese

Social customs differ in different parts of the world. For example, the Americans call each other by their names when two people first met, and so does the young to the old. In china, it will be regarded as quite impolite to do so.

Another difference is about what can be talked about in conversation. A Chinese thinks nothing of being asked how much his coat costs while Americans think it impolite to ask such a question.

语法导学案5 名词性从句

选修 8 Unit 1 A land of diversity

在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等, 因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词从句又可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

主语从句的用法

一. 主语从句在复合句中作主语, 它可以位于句首, 但常见的主语从句多放在句末,句首则用形式主语it。

1.That the earth is round is true.

= It is true that the earth is round.

2. Whether he will come hasn’t been decided.

= It hasn’t been decided whether he will come.

注意: 连词that, whether在从句中不担任句子成分,只起连接作用,不能省略(注:if不可用来引导主语从句）

二. 用it 作形式主语的结构

(1) It is＋名词＋从句

It is a fact that … 事实是…

It is an honor that …非常荣幸

I t is common knowledge that…是常识

(2) It is＋形容词＋从句 (多用 should)

It is natural that… 很自然…

It is strange that… 奇怪的是…

(3) It is ＋不及物动词＋从句

It seems that… 似乎…

It happened that… 碰巧…

It appears that… 似乎…

(4) It is ＋过去分词＋从句

It is reported that… 据报道…

It has been proved that… 已证实…

It is said that… 据说…

it 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较

it 作形式主语代替主语从句,主要是为了平衡句子结构, 主语从句的连接词有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调,无论强调的是什么成分,都可用连词that。被强调部分指人是也可用who/whom。例如:

判断:

It is a p ity that you didn’t go to see the film.

It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not.

It is in the morning that the murder took place.

It is John that broke the window

宾语从句的用法：

句子结构：

主句 + 连接词(引导词) + 宾语从句

连接词:从属连词that, whether, if

连接代词 Who, whom, whose, which, what

连接副词 where, how, why, when

一. 连词 (引导词)

1.当宾语从句是陈述句时(包括肯定句和否定句), 连词由that引导, 因为that在从句

中不作任何成分, 也没有任何具体意思, 因此在口语或非正式文体中常省略。

Jane said (that) she wasn’t late for the meeting.

2. 当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时, 由特殊疑问词充当连接词, 因为该特殊疑问词(即连接词)在从句中担任一定的句子成分, 具有一定的意义, 所以不可以省略。

Do you know what he said just now

I don’t remember when we arrived

3. 当宾语从句是一般疑问句时,由连词whether或if引导(口语中常用if),因为if/whether 翻译成是否,具有一定的意义,所以不能省略。

Lily wanted to know if /whether her grandma liked the handbag .

Let’s see if /whether we can find out some information about that city

注意:

①关联词只能用whether不能用if 表示“是否”的情况如下：

A) 在表语从句和同位语从句中。如：

The question is whether the film is

worth seeing.

The news whether our team has

won the match is unknown.

B) 在主语从句中，只有用it 作形式主语时, whether和if 都能引导主语从句, 否则, 也只能用whether。如:

Whether we shall attend the meeting hasn’t been decided yet.

It hasn’t been decided whether (if) we shall attend the meeting.

C) 在介词之后。(介词往往可以省略) 如:

It all depends (on) whether they will support us.

D) 后面直接跟动词不定式时。如：

He doesn’t know whether to stay or not.

E) 后面紧接or not 时。如：

We didn’t know whether or not

she was ready.

②关联词if, whether均可使用的情况如下：

A) 引导宾语从句。如：

I wonder if (whether) the news is

true or not.

B) 在“be+形容词” 之后。如：

He was not sure whether (if) it is

right or wrong.

宾语从句要注意的几个问题

? 1. 时态呼应

? 2. 否定转移:

? 3. 形式宾语it的使用

注:在think, believe, suppose, expect 等动词之后,宾语从句中谓语的否定常转移到主句的谓语上。

I don’t think he will see you.

I don’t believe he will go. 注:在接复合宾语的句子中( S+Vt+O+Oc), 为了保持句子平衡, 用it 作形式宾语,将从句放于句尾, 常接复合宾语的动词有: make, find, see, hear, feel, think...

I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day.

I think it a pity to waste the food

表语从句的用法

在复合句中用作表语的从句是表语从句, 引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样,表语从句位于连系动词后,有时用as if引导。其基本结构为:主语 + 系动词 + that 从句。

That’s what we should do.

That’s why I want to see you.

1. be, seem, look等动词后均可跟表语从句：

My suggestion is that we should go shopping.

It seems that it is going to rain.

2. as if, because 也可引导表语从句。

It looks as if it’s going to rain.

It was because I got up late.

3. 在非正式文体中,引导表语从句的that可以省略。如:

The trouble is (that) he is ill.

注意:在表语从句中,当reason做主语时, 引导词只能用that,不能用because,如:他迟到的原因是因为他没有赶上早班车。

The reason why he was late was that he didn’t catch the early bus.

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同位语从句一般跟在名词fact, news, promise, truth, belief, thought, idea, answer, information, knowledge, doubt, hope, law, opinion, plan, suggestion后面, 用以说明或解释前面的名词.

The news that our team has won the match is true.

His delay is due to the fact that the car went wrong halfway.

注: 1. that 引导同位语从句与that 引导定语从句的区别: 引导同位语从句的that 无实际意义, 不作从句的任何成分, 而引导定语从句的that 从句的某个成分

He told me the news that our team won the match.

He told me the news that was very exciting.

We are interested in the news that some foreigners would visit our school.

We are interested in the news that he told us.

2. 在have no idea 之后常用wh-引导同位语从句.

I have no idea where he has gone.

I have no idea when he did it.

I have no idea what he did.

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考点1. 定语从句辨别。 2. 定语从句中先行词的辨别。 3. 定语从句中选用关系代词。 存在的问题1. 主从复合句中分不清主句和定语从句。 2. 找不出定语从句的先行词 3. 分辨不清先行词在定语从句中担当句子成分Unit 5 Nelson Mandela—a modern hero 语法点定语从句Ⅱ（关系副词） 考点1. 定语从句辨别。 2. 定语从句中先行词的辨别。 3. 定语从句中选用关系副词。 存在的问题1. 找不出定语从句的先行词 2. 分辨不清先行词在定语从句中担当句子成分 必修2 Unit1 Cultural relics 语法点限制定从和非限定从 考点1. 辨别定从和非限定从 2. that 不能用于非限定从 3. as与which 引导非限定从的区别 存在的问题1. 关系代词和关系副词的选择 2. 分不清关系副词也能引导非限定从 Unit 2 The Olympic Games 语法点一般将来时的被动语态

人教版高一英语学案

Unit1 Friendship part 1 (new words) Learning Aims(学习目标): 1.Understand the meaning and usage of words in warming-up and reading 了解并掌握重点词汇 2.Practice using some important words in bold . Learning importance (学习重点): key words Learning procedure:： 1.add up合计，加起来；合情理 add up to加起来达到，总计为；add to增添add...to...把……加到……里 eg. 1.Add up your score and see how many points you get. 累加你的分数, 看你得多少分。 2.The numbers add up to exactly 100. 这些数字的总和恰好是100。 Exercise: The heavy rain _________the difficulty in rescuing the buried people.大雨增加了营救被掩埋群众的困难。 2.upset adj.心烦意乱的；不安的；v. upset，upset，upsetting 使不安；使心烦；打乱；扰乱；打翻be upset about/at/over为……烦恼It upsets sb.that...让某人心烦的是…… eg. 1.There is no point being upset about it. 犯不着为此事而难过。 2.I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to upset you. 对不起, 我没想要让你不高兴。 3.It upset him that nobody had bothered to tell him about that.让他不高兴的是, 谁也没把那件事告诉他。 4.She was upset that he had left without saying goodbye. 他的不辞而别让她感到不安。 夯实基础 (1)用upset的适当形式填空 ①She sounded _______________when I said you couldn’t come. 3.ignore v.不理睬；忽视；不顾 ignorance n.无知；愚昧；不知道out of ignorance出于无知ignorant adj.无知的；愚昧的；不知道的be ignorant of不知道…… eg.1. You will ignore the bell and go somewhere quiet to calm your friend down. 你会不顾铃声, 而是去某个安静的地方安慰你的朋友。 2.We can’t afford to ignore their advice. 我们不能不考虑他们的劝告。 夯实基础(1)用ignore的适当形式填空 ①They fought a long battle against prejudice and_______________. 4.calm adj.镇静的，沉着的(not excited，upset，etc.)；风平浪静的；无风的；v.(使)平静，(使)镇静calm sb.down使某人平静下来keep/be/stay calm保持镇静calm down平静 镇静 下来 eg. 1.We waited inside until things calmed down. 我们待在室内等着, 直到一切都恢复了平静。 2.He took a few deep breaths to calm himself down. 他深深吸了几口气, 使自己平静下来。 3.It is important to keep calm in the face of danger. 在面临危险时, 保持镇静是重要的。Exercise:（1）I t is not easy to ____ the excited man _____. 5.concern v.影响 ；涉及 与……有关 be connected with ；让 某人 担忧 be worried about ；n.担心，忧虑；关心concerned adj.担心的；忧虑的；感兴趣的as far as sb.be concerned就某人而言 concerning prep.关于 eg.1.Can you tell us what concerns you most? 你能告诉我们什么让你最担忧吗? 2.More and more people are showing concern for the safety of school buses.越来越多的人在关注校车的安全问题。 3.As far as I’m concerned, I disagree with his idea. 就我个人而言, 我不同意他的想法。Exercise: It is love and __________that have brought about the great changes. 6.go through经历，经受 experience ；仔细查看 go o ver ； 法律等 通过；用完 use up ；浏览 look through get through通过；接通电话；用完look through浏览；往……里面看break through冲破；突破 eg.1.The poor girl has gone through such a lot since her parents died. 这个可怜的女孩自父母去世后经历了许多苦难。 2.The doctor will go through the operation soon. 那位医生很快就会做完手术了。 3.I went through the students’ papers last night. 昨晚我仔细阅读了学生们的论文。 7.set down放下 put down ；记下 write down ；登记；让……下车 set off动身；引爆；引起set up竖立；建立；张贴set an example树立榜样be set in以……为背景eg.1.You had better set down your idea before you forget it. 你最好把你的想法写下来, 以免忘记。2.She has set a good example for us. Exercise: 1.The bus stopped to _____________an old lady. 公共汽车停下来让一位老太太下车。 2.Please help me _____________the names of all the students. 请帮我把所有学生的名字都登记下来。 8.in order to为了 in order not to do...为了不做…so as to do...为了做…in order that/so that后接从句，为了…… eg 1.In order to pass the exam, he studied even harder. 为了通过考试, 他学习更加努力。 2.He went to sleep early in order to get up early the next day. 为了第二天早起, 他早早地就睡觉了。Exercise: 1..__________________encourage the students to take outdoor exercise ，our school organized a mountain-climbing on April 10. 为了鼓励学生进行户外锻炼，我们学校在四月十号组织了爬山。 特别提醒 in order to与so as to都可以表示目的，但so as to不能用于句首，而in order to既可置于句首，也可置于句中。两者都可转换成in order that/so that引导的状语从句。 9.power n.能力；力量；权力；动力 come to/into power掌权；上台in one’s power在某人的掌控中