英语报刊阅读测试三

考试科目：英美报刊选读考试时间：120分钟试卷总分100分

题号Part

I

60

%

Part

II

30%

Part

III

10%

卷面

分

100

%

折合

分

70%

平时

分

30%

总分

得分

评卷

教师

得分

一、Reading Comprehension(60%)

Passage 1

The rules of etiquette in restaurants depend upon a number of factors: the physical location of the restaurant, e. g. rural or urban? the type of the restaurants e. g. informal or formal; and certain standards that are more universal. In other words, some standards of etiquette vary significantly while other standards apply almost anywhere. Learning the proper etiquette in a particular type of restaurant in a particular area may sometimes require instruction, but more commonly it simply requires sensitivity and experience. For example, while it is acceptable to read a magazine in a coffee shop, it is inappropriate to do the same in a more luxurious setting. And if you are eating in a very rustic setting it may be fine to tuck your napkin into your shirt, but if you are in a sophisticated urban restaurant this behavior would demonstrate-alack of sophistication. It is safe to say, however, that in virtually every restaurant it is unacceptable to indiscriminately throw your food on the floor. The conclusion we can most likely draw from the above is that while the types and locations of restaurants determine etiquette appropriate to them, some rules apply to all restaurants.

1. What Is the main purpose of the passage?

a. To point out the differences between rules of etiquette in different countries.

b. To teach the reader how to tuck a napkin in his/her shirt.

c. To help people from rustic areas learn.

d. To explain that standards of etiquette are both variable and universal.

2. According to the passage, which of the following is a universal rule of etiquette? .

a. Tucking a napkin in your shirt.

b. Not throwing food on the floor.

c. Reading a magazine at a coffee shop.

d. Eating in rustic settings.

3. What does the word “it” in line 8 refer to?

a. Proper etiquette.

b. Clear instruction.

c. Type of restaurants

d. Sensitivity.

4. Which of the following words has the meaning most similar to that of “rustic” in line 11?

a. Agricultural

b. Ancient.

c.Unsophisticate

d.

d.Urban

Passage 2

The most interesting architectura l phenomenon of the 1970’s was the enthusiasm for refurbishing older buildings. Obviously, this was not an entirely new phenomenon. What is new is the wholesale in reusing the past, in recycling in adaptive rehabilitation. A few trial efforts, such as Ghirardilli Square in San Francisco, proved their financial viability in the 1960`s. But it was in the 1970`s, with strong government support through tax incentives arid rapid depreciation, as Well as growing interest in ecology issues, that recycling became a major factor on the urban scene. One of the most comprehensive ventures was the restoration and transformation of Boston's eighteenth century Faneuil Hall and the Quincy Market, designed in 1824. This section had fallen on hard times, but beginning with the construction of a new city hall immediately adjacent, it has returned to life with the intelligent reuse of these fine old buildings under the design leadership of Benjamin Thompson. He has provided a marvelous setting for dining, shopping, professional office, and simply walking.

Butler Square, in Minneapolis, exemplifies major changes in its complex of offices, commercial space, and, public amenities carved out of a massive pile designed in 1906 as a hardware warehouse. The exciting interior timber structure of the building was highlighted by cutting light courts through the interior and adding large skylights.

San Antonio, Texas, offers an big object lesson for numerous other cities combating urban decay gather than bringing in the bulldozers, San Antonio`s leaders rehabilitated, existing structures, while simultaneously cleaning up the San Antonio River which meanders through the business district.

l. What is the main idea of the passage?

a. During the 1970`s, old buildings in many cities were recycled for modern use.

a.Recent interest in ecology issues has led to the cleaning up of many rivers.

c. The San Antonio example show3 that bulldozers are not the way to right urban decay.

d. Strong government support has made adaptive rehabilitation a reality in Boston

2. What is the space at Quinsy Market now used for?

a. Boston's new city hall.

b. Sports and recreational facilities.

c. Commercial and industrial Warehouses.

d. Restaurants, offices, and stores.

3. According, to the passage, Benjamin Thompson was the designer for a project in_____.

a. San Francisco

b. Boston

c. Minneapolis.

d. San Antonio

4. When was the Butler Square building originally built?

a. In the eighteenth century.

b. In the early nineteenth century.

c. In the late nineteenth century.

d. In the early twentieth century.

5. What is the author's opinion of the San Antonio's project?

a. It is clearly the best of the projects discussed.

b. It is a good project that could be copied in other cities.

c. The extensive use of bulldozers made the project unnecessarily costly.

d. The work done on the river was more important than the work done on the buildings.

6. In which of the following ways does the passage state that the San Antonio project differed from those in Boston and Minneapolis?

a. It consisted primarily of new construction.

b. It occurred in the business district.

c. It involved the environment as well as buildings.

d. It was designed to combat urban decay.

Passages 3

If half of the water were to be drained from the Pacific Ocean, a curious kind of submarine mountain called Guyot would be exposed. Guyots are strange formation that resembles mushroom stalks with flat tops. More than six hundred and fifty of these volcanic stalks have been discovered in the Pacific Ocean and a few others have been discovered in the Atlantic sea plains.

It is easy to suppose that the Guyots were formed by underwater lava spouts that piled up volcanic debris over the years but just how they acquired their curiously flattops remains a mystery. Shallow-water fossils found embedded in the tops of some Guyots suggest that one time the flat caps were much nearer the ocean's surface, but beyond this there is little that scientist can say.

One attempt to account for the flat tops .suggests that the ocean levels were once much lower than they are today; thus wave action might have smoothed away the original peaks. Another theory holds that the Guyots have probably always had flat tops and that their weight has pushed them slightly toward the ocean floor, causing them to slowly submerge. But, these are only theories. The Guyots are still a geophysical puzzle.

1.Scientists a re puzzled by the Guyots’.

a.mushroom-like5 appearance

b. curious flat tops

c. origin

d. location

2. Most of the Guyots are located __________.

a. in the Pacific Ocean .

b. near the coast of India

c. on Atlantic sea plains

d. both a and b

3. Guyots were probably formed by __________.

a. underwater lava spouts

b. shifts of ocean floor

c. the action of ocean currents

d. none of the above

4. The discovery of shallow-water fossils indicates that the Guyots were .

a. flattened by the action of waves

b. once much nearer the surface of the ocean

c. near dry land

d. near lowland

Passage 4

The first and decisive step in the expansion of Europe overseas was the conquest of the Atlantic Ocean. That the nation to achieve this should be Portugal was the logical outcome of her geographical position and her history. Placed on the extreme margin of the old classical Mediterranean world and facing the untraversed ocean, Portugal could adapt and develop the knowledge and experience of the past to meet the challenge of the unknown. Some centuries of navigating the coastal waters of western Europe and Northern Africa had prepared Portuguese seamen to appreciate the problems which the ocean presented and to apply and develop the methods necessary to overcome them. From the seamen of the Mediterranean, particularly those of Genoa and Venice, they had learned the organization and conduct of mercantile marine, and from Jewish astronomers and Catalan mapmakers the rudiments of navigation. Largely when her increasing and vigorous population was making heavy demands on her resources, Portugal turned southwards and westwards for opportunities of trade and commerce. At this moment of national destiny it was fortunate for her that in men of caliber of Prince Henry, known as the Navigator, and King JohnⅡ she found resolute and dedicated leaders.

The problems to be faced were new and complex The conditions for navigation and commerce in the Mediterranean were relatively simple, compared with those in the western seas. The landlocked Mediterranean, tideless and with a climatic regime of regular and well-defined seasons, presented few obstacles to sailors who were the heirs of great body of sea lore garnered from the experiences of many centuries. What hazards there were, in the form of sudden storms or dangerous coasts, were known and could be usually anticipated. Similarly the Mediterranean coasts, though they might be for long periods in the hands of the dangerous rivals, were described in sailing directions or laid down on the Portulan charts drawn by Venetian and Genoese. Problems of determining positions at sea, which confronted the Portuguese, did not arise. Though the Mediterranean seamen by no means restricted themselves to coastal sailing, the latitudinal extent of the Mediterranean was not great, and voyages could be conducted from point to point on compass bearings; the ships were never so far from land as to make it necessary to fix their positions in latitude by astronomical observations. Having made a landfall on a bearing, they could determine their precise position from prominent landmarks, surroundings or the nature of the seabed, after reference to the sailing directions or

charts.

By contrast, the pioneers of ocean navigation faced much greater difficulties. The western ocean which extended according to the speculations of the cosmographers, through many degrees of latitude and longitude, was an unknown quantity, but certainly. subjected to wide variation of weather and without known bounds. Those who first ventured out over its waters did so without benefit of sailing directions or traditional lore. As the Portuguese sailed southwards, they left behind them the familiar constellations in the heavens by which they could determine direction and the hours of the night, and particularly the pole-star from which by a simple operation they could determine their latitude. Along the unknown coasts they were threatened by shallows, hidden banks, rocks and contrary winds and currents, with no knowledge of convenient shelter to ride out of storms or of very necessary watering places. It is little wonder that these pioneers dreaded the thought of being forced on to a lee shore or of having to choose between these inshore dangers and the unrecorded perils of the open sea.

l. Before the expansion of Europe overseas could take place

a. vast sums of money had to be raised

b. an army had to be recruited

c. the Atlantic Ocean had to be conquered

d. ships had to be built

2. One of the Portugal’s leader known as the Nav igator, was in reality .

a. Christopher Columbus

b. King JohnⅡ

c. a venetian

d. Prince Henry

3. Portugal was adapt at exploring unknown waters because she possessed all of the following except .

a. past experience

b. experienced navigators

c. experienced mapmakers

d. expensive trade routes.

4. In addition to possessing the necessary resources for exploration y Portugal was the logical country for this task because of her _______.

a. wealth

b. navigational position

c. geographical position

d. prominence

5. The Portuguese earned navigational .methods and procedures from all of the following except

a. Jews

b. Catalans

c. Genoese

d. Aegeans

6. Mediterranean seamen generally kept close to shore because

a. The latitudinal extent of the Mediterranean was not great

b. they were afraid of pirates

c. they feared being forced to a lee shore

d. they lacked navigational ability

7. Hazards such as sudden storms and dangerous coasts were

a. predicable risks

b. unknown risks

c. unknown to the area

d. a major threat to navigation

8. Sailing close to the coast enabled seaman to

a. reach their destination faster

b. navigate without sailing direction

c. determine their position from landmarks

d. determine their longitude and latitude

Cloze 5

The Academy Awards are 1 awards 2 by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences for achievement in various 3 of filmmaking. 4 are selected by their 5 (for example, cinematographers nominate cinematographers and producers nominate producers), and the winners are chosen in secret 6 by a vote of the full academy membership. About two dozen awards are given for American films, 7 which the most famous are those for best performance 8 an actor and actress, best director, and best picture. The academy also presents an award for the best foreign film and sometimes presents special awards.

9 the awards ceremony, televised each spring, a gold statuette is presented to each winner. This famous 10 o f professional success was dubbed “Oscar” in 1931 11 a subsequent executive director of the academy, Margaret Herrick, who thought 12 resembled her uncle Oscar.

The first Academy Awards were presented in 1929, 13 Paramount’s Wings(1928) taking the best-picture prize. Since then Oscars have been awarded to many film 14 . Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer's Ben-Hur(1959) with 11 awards. 15 the record for the most won by any one film. Animate Walt Disney has won the most Oscars, with 26. Actress Katharine Hepburn and director John Ford each hold four awards. Director Frank Capra and William Wyler, actress Ingrid Bergman, and actor Walter Brennan are triple award winners.

1. a. yearly b. annual

c. timely

d. continuing

2. a. presented b. submitted

c. given

d. sent

3. a. sorts b .kinds

c. categories

d. groups ,

4. a. Actresses b. Names

c. Actors

d. Nominees

5. a. colleagues b. supervisors

c. directors

d. examiners

6. a. election b. ballot

c. meeting

d. conference

7. a. in b. at

c. of

d. with

8. a. by b. of

c. in

d. from

9. a. Through b. On

c. From

d. At

10. a. mark b. sign

c. symbol

d. symptom

11. a. with b. from

c. at

d. by

12. a. it b. he

c. they

d. the man

13. a. by b. in

c. with

d. of

14. a. men b. persons

c. peoples

d. personalities

15. a. obtains b. holds

c. gets

d. achieves

得分

二、Translate the following sentences: (30%)

1.Frequently asked questions about Social Security’s future; how we can meet its long-term financing challenges.

2.President’s Commission to Strengthen Social Security

3.The country’s priorities for international policy over the next five to ten years are set out in a new strategy paper.

4.A new document setting out how the Government will help to tackle the global challenge of HIV/AIDS has been launched today to mark World Aids Day.

5.Don’t ignore debt problem says new campaign

得分

三．Answer the following question:

What are about “The Inverted Pyramid” in reading American & British News Publications?

答案部分：

一、Reading Comprehension

Passage 1：1.d 2.d 3.b 4.d 5.b 6.c

Passage 3：1.b 2.b 3.a 4.c

Passage 2：1.a 2.a 3.a 4.b

Passage 4：1.c 2.d 3.d 4.c 5.d 6.a 7.a 8.c

Cloze 5：1.b 2.a 3.c 4. d 5.a 6.b 7.c 8.b 9.d 10.c

11.d 12.a 13.c 14.d 15.b

二、Translate the following sentences:

1.不断追问将来的社会保险问题，我们怎样才能迎接长时期的财经挑战。

2.加强社会保障是总统的使命

3.在一篇最新战略的论文中，对今后5-10年的为国际政策而定的国家优先权已出台。

4.新出台的文件表明政府将帮助如何应付对艾滋病的挑战，以纪念世界艾滋病日。

5.新运倡导：不要忽略贷款问题

三．Answer the following question:

1.Introduction containing most important or most interesting information.

2.More facts

3.Supporting information or background

4.Quotes or more facts of lesser importance

5.Minor detail; least significant information

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《英语报刊阅读》试题（A卷） Part Ⅰ Reconstruct the messages of the following headlines of news stories: (1% for each, 10%) Example: Italian Ex-Mayor Murdered ---An Italian Ex-Mayor Is Murdered 1. ________ US ________ told not exploit ________ Tibet issue. 2. Rubin ________ Greenspan ________ at odds. 3. Visitors ________ flocking to Mao’s birth place. 4. ________ man ________ quizzed after ________ wife is knifed in ________ sports store. Part Ⅱ Read the following passage and answer the Questions A 5-34 (1% for each,30%) and B 35-44 (2% for each,20%) A Tuition Reform for Higher Education Chinese institutions of higher learning have quickened their pace of reform in recent years. Changing enrollment practices and higher tuition fees constitute and important part of the reform. Schools which once admitted students almost exclusively according to state plans are becoming more accepting of students sent by work groups for further training and those who pay their own fees. Regular universities and colleges plan to enroll about 786 200 students this year, up 158 200 or 25 percent over last year's figure. Of these, 216 000, or 27.4 percent, will be sent by their work groups or will pay their own way. In the past, the state paid all tuition and school fees for university students, a matter of policy since New China was established in 1949. Although this practice guaranteed the supply of qualified personnel, it brought a heavy burden to the sate, hindering further development of higher education. Since higher education is non—compulsory education in China, to charge appropriate fees will help improve school facilities and expedite the development of education in this stage. As an added benefit, paying their own way will encourage students to study harder.

初中英语整体阅读理论的研究与应用

初中英语整体阅读理论的研究与应用 发表时间：2015-06-17T14:16:35.300Z 来源：《教育学文摘》2015年5月总第156期供稿作者：徐鹏飞[导读] 抓住首段或尾段文章的中心句，以“点”激“网”,成功激活学生的图式知识网，培养学生对通篇文章的准确“预期”能力。徐鹏飞山东省栖霞市实验中学265300 摘要：阅读是语言学习的一项重要技能。而教育学和心理学认为：语言是一种通过听、说、读、写等手段来实现交流思想的工具。同时，它又是人类所特有的一种用来抽象思维和概括的工具。语言学家研究证明：要自如地运用一种语言进行交流，必须使用该种语言思维。本文阐述了整体英语阅读理论以及它在英语阅读教学中的应用。 关键词：整体英语阅读理论阅读的心理机制图式理论 中国传统的英语阅读教学强调的是逐词逐句地翻译成汉语，即必须先通过自己的母语逻辑思维来接收信息，然后转化为英语思维来反馈该语言信息，这就违背了语言形成的客观规律，结果造就了太多的“中国式英语”和“哑巴英语”。如何克服母语环境对英语阅读的影响呢？笔者经过多年的研究与教学实践证明：整体英语阅读理论是一种能很好地克服母语影响，提高英语阅读效能的经验和方法。 一、对整体英语阅读理论的认识 语篇教学法，实际上就是从语篇分析入手，把语篇作为一个整体来考虑，要求学习者从其层次结构及内容上入手，最大量地获取和掌握文章所传递的信息，同时逐步摆脱母语的影响，实现英语整体快速、准确阅读，并培养其恰当使用英语的能力，即交际能力。语篇教学法所倡导的阅读方法不同于传统的阅读方法。传统的阅读理论，即“自下而上”理论，注意语言本身的结构，认为阅读过程是一个解码过程，即由词及句，由句及段，再到篇章进行理解。这种阅读方法强调的是逐词逐句地翻译成汉语，然后转化为英语思维来反馈该语言信息，这往往受到母语的很大干扰。而语篇教学法认为，人们的阅读是一种主动的“猜测——证实”的过程，是一种心理语言的揣摩过程，是一种(作者与读者)“相互交流的过程”(见张维友, 1995)。读者对文章的理解及他们的语言知识和图式知识相互作用的结果。语篇教学法强调运用读者已有的语言、背景知识的图式，根据阅读材料的线索进行预测。 语篇教学法是实施英语整体阅读教学的途径，图式理论是语篇教学法的心理学基础。语篇教学应用于英语阅读教学，就是进行整体阅读教学。语篇教学以图式知识为基础，而图式知识的不断增加，又反过来促进语篇的整体理解。两者是有机统一的。 二、初中英语整体阅读理论在教学中的应用 1.抓住首段或尾段文章的中心句，以“点”激“网”,成功激活学生的图式知识网，培养学生对通篇文章的准确“预期”能力。例如：2008年烟台市中考阅读理解A的开头是: Maria is a cashier(收银员) in a big shop in New York,…其结尾是:“Of course I wanted the money,”Maria said,“but it was her ticket, not mine.”“Well, I am sorry that you aren’t rich,”her mother said.“But I am happy that you are so honest.”学生以看就能很容易地“预测”出：本篇文章讲的是玛利亚是个收银员，她由于工作之便有机会得到一张很值钱的“ticket”，但是，她很诚实，又还给了失主的故事。 2.心心交流，克服母语影响，实现英语的快速整体阅读。 整体阅读是一个预期、证实、扩展、修正、再预期、再证实的知觉循环过程。教学中要适时充分调动学生的图式知识，以启发式教学为主，精心设问。 当引导学生对整篇文章有一个初步的“预期”后，然后就进入了正文的阅读，这就要求我们引导学生克服逐字逐句翻译成汉语的不良习惯，要求学生根据初步的“预期”充分调用自己的图式知识网，与文章进行比对、证实，如果不正确，再快速修正，并产生下一个“预期”，再根据文章进行“证实”……这样,就能有效地克服母语的影响,实现英语的快速、准确的整体阅读。 3.形成良性循环，课内课外阅读相结合，丰富学生的图式知识，以便学生能更快更准确地英语整体阅读，实现初中英语整体阅读质的飞跃。 教学实践证明，学习者的图式知识越丰富，理解能力就越强；图式知识具有明显的文化色彩（地域性）和学科色彩（专业性）。有关研究（杨丽，1996）显示，中国英语学习者对英语阅读材料中语篇结构的认识和理解能力与他们的快速阅读水平成正比。对语篇结构的认识和理解能力越强，其快速阅读水平也就越高。因此，为了实现初中生的英语快速整体阅读水平，就必须不断丰富学生的图式知识。阅读整体教学有利于使学生养成良好的阅读习惯，能有效地克服母语环境对英语阅读的影响，提高他们独立的阅读分析能力。因为图式理论既强调“激活”已有的图式知识，也重视构建新的图式知识，故能引导学生自觉重视语篇知识以及语言以外的知识和技能。参考文献 [1]毛玉华漫谈语篇教学.《国外外语教学》，1994，第4期。 [2]王姿整体阅读的心理机制及其能力的培养.《外语界》，1995，第2期。 [3]杨丽语篇知识在阅读与写作过程中的相关性.《现代外语》，1996，第2期，46-8页。 [4]张维友图式知识与阅读理解.《外语界》，1995，第2期。