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8K纸江苏省前黄中学2019-2020学年高三英语试卷

8K纸江苏省前黄中学2019-2020学年高三英语试卷
8K纸江苏省前黄中学2019-2020学年高三英语试卷

省前中2020届高三下学期期初考试

英语试卷20200229

一听力(1*20)

听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。

1. Who is the man?

A. A student.

B. A salesman.

C. A policeman.

2. What does the woman want to do?

A. Cancel the meeting.

B. Change the time of the meeting.

C. Skip the meeting.

3. What do we know about the man?

A. He has never been across the ocean.

B. He does not understand what the woman means.

C. He likes mathematics a lot.

4. What kind of job would the woman prefer?

A. Any job with a high salary.

B . An average job with a nice salary.

C. An exciting job with an average salary.

5. What are the speakers talking about?

A. The weather.

B. What happened last night.

C. Sleeping problems.

第二节

听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。

听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。

6. What is special about the meal?

A. The amount of food.

B. The price of food.

C. The kind of food.

7. What does the man suggest the woman do?

A. Try a dessert.

B. Try his favorite meat.

C. Eat as much as possible.

听第7段材料,回答第8至10题。

8. What did the man ask the woman to do?

A. Take a break.

B. Take more pictures.

C. Show him the photos.

9. Why did the man complain?

A. The beach was dirty.

B. There were no pictures of him.

C. The weather was bad.

10. What can we learn from the conversation?

A. The woman is very selfish.

B. The man will copy his pictures into his P

C.

C. The speakers are on vacation.

听第8段材料,回答第11至13题。

11. Why does the man wish to break up with his girlfriend?

A. She is not as pretty as she once was.

B. They don’t get along well.

C. He will move soon.

12. What does the woman think of the matter?

A. The man should not take the job.

B. The man might be reasonable.

C. The man should maintain this relationship.

13. How does the man think his girlfriend will feel at his decision?

A. Sad.

B. Calm.

C. Happy.

听第9段材料,回答第14至17题。

14. What is the woman looking for?

A. Some saucepans.

B. Some frying pans.

C. Some plates.

15. When did she first see them?

A. This morning.

B. Yesterday.

C. Some days ago.

16. What did the man ask the woman to do?

A. Have a look at the window display.

B. Check all the kitchenware in stock.

C. Describe the item she wanted.

17. How might the woman feel in the end?

A. Disappointed.

B. Excited.

C. Surprised.

听第10段材料,回答第18至20题。

18. What happened to the elderly gentleman?

A. He got stuck in the doors of the train.

B. He missed the train.

C. He was seriously injured on the train.

19. What do we know about the gentleman’s wife?

A. She was in great panic.

B. She cried for help.

C. She remained calm.

20. Who offered to help solve the problem?

A. The speaker and two other men.

B. The conductor.

C. Nobody.

二单项选择(1*15)

21. If you see things in a negative light,you will find faults everywhere and problems where there are really_________.

A. none

B. some

C. many

D. nothing

22. In the forest, sound is the best means of communication over distance ________ in comparison with light, it won’t be blocked by trees when travelling.

A. while .

B. because

C. unless

D. though

23. I’m selling my e-bike for $90. This is a quality bicycle and is definitely worth this price, a quarter of

________ I purchased it for last year.

A. which

B. what

C. that

D. how

24. No man is useless in this world ________ lightens the burdens of someone else.

A. which

B. who

C. what

D. as

25. The answer given by the film star didn’t completely satisfy the woman reporter, but she nodded in ________

acceptance.

A. relevant

B. reliable

C. reluctant

D. reasonable

26.They should have informed you of the outcome of the contest by the time it was given, ________?

A. hadn’t they

B. didn’t they

C. shouldn’t they

D. haven’t they

27. The People’s Bank of China has issued a set of “reform and opening-up” gold coins, but the coins will not be in _______.

A. recognition

B. translation

C. circulation

D. transportation

28. “Those responsible for the accident ____ be punished while those contributing to solving the problems be rewarded,” promised the official then and there.

A. must

B. may

C. shall

D. should

29. The college announced the students exchange program, most of ______ students having submitted their application forms.

A. them

B. which

C. whose

D. its

30.The BBC has created a modern-day Sherlock Holmes series, ________ Arthur Conan Doyle’s popular

detective into the present.

A. to have brought

B. having brought

C. bringing

D. brought

31. Quality and customized smart appliances are _______ among urban households in China as cities are embracing the trend of an “intelligent home”.

A. catching up

B. catching on

C. catering to

D. carrying through

32. A new function of China’s official train ticket booking website ______to boost buyers’ chances of obtaining

a ticket during the upcoming Spring Festival travel rush.

A. will be expected

B. expects

C. has been expected

D. is expected

33. Not until ______ a third time _______ that he had given birth to the reading system for the blind called Braille.

A. Louis Braille tried, he announced

B. did Louis Braille try; he announced

C. Louis Braille tried; did he announce

D. had Louis Braille tried, had he announced

34. The marketing strategy ____ the old, though well organized, turned out to be a complete failure.

A. targeting at

B. targeted at

C. having targeted

D. to target

35. Dave was a _________. Because of his misconduct in class, the whole class had to stay after school.

A. wet blanket

B. leading light

C. black sheep

D. dark horse

三完型填空(1*20)

As is newly discovered, happy people also work in a different style. They’re more productive, more creative, and willing to take greater risks. And new research suggests that happiness might influence __36__ firms work, too.

Companies located in places with happier people invest more, according to a recent research paper. __37__, firms in happy places spend more on R&D (research and development). That’s because happiness is linked to the kind of longer-term thinking __38__ for making investments for the future.

The researchers wanted to know if the __39__ and willingness for risk-taking that come with happiness would __40__ the way companies invested. So they compared U.S. cities’ average happiness __41__ by Gallup polling with the investment activity of publicly traded firms in those areas.

__42__ enough, firms’ investment a nd R&D degree were connected with the happiness of the area in which they were __43__. But is it really happiness that’s linked to investment, or could something else about happier cities __44__ why firms there spend more on R&D? To find out, the researchers controlled various __45__ that might make firms more likely to invest – like size, industry, and sales – and indicators that a place was __46__ to live in, like growth in wages or population. The link between happiness and investment generally __47__ even after accounting for these things.

The link between happiness and investment was particularly strong for younger firms, which the authors __48__ to “less fixed decision making process” and the possible presence of “younger and less __49__ managers who a re more likely to be influenced by feeling.” The relationship was __50__ stronger in places where happiness was spread more __51__. Firms seem to invest more in places where most people are relatively happy, rather than in places with happiness inequality.

__52__ this doesn’t prove that happiness causes firms to invest more or to take a longer-term view, the authors believe it at least __53__ that possibility. It’s not hard to imagine that local culture and feeling would help __54__ how managers think about the future. “It surely seems reasonable that happy people would be more forward-thinking and creative and __55__ R&D more than the average,” said one researcher.

36. A. where B. how C. when D. why

37. A. In particular B. In conclusion C. In return D. In contrast

38. A. perfect B. sufficient C. necessary D. famous

39. A. modernism B. realism C. individualism D. optimism

40. A. spoil B. recall C. change D. miss

41. A. measured B. assumed C. imagined D. invented

42. A. Unfortunate B. Odd C. Sure D. Often

43. A. advertised B. situated C. absorbed D. divided

44. A. predict B. explain C. summarize D. emphasize

45. A. factors B. methods C. stages D. levels

46. A. reliable B. sociable C. affordable D. desirable

47. A. restarted B. appeared C. held D. broke

48. A. refer B. owe C. transform D. compare

49. A. sensitive B. civilized C. experienced D. ambitious

50. A. thus B. instead C. never D. also

51. A. rapidly B. equally C. directly D. regularly

52. A. After B. Since C. While D. Until

53. A. indicates B. loses C. strikes D. gains

54. A. simplify B. share C. rediscover D. shape

55. A. tend towards B. pray for C. give away D. send out

四阅读理解(2*15)

请阅读下列短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。

A

Let’s say you want to hit the gym more

regularly this year. How do you make that happen?

Consider putting the habit loop to use.

Here’s how it works:

A habit is a 3-step process. First, there’s a cue, something

that tells your brain to operate automatically. Then there’s

a routine. And finally, a reward, which helps your brain

learn to desire the behavior. It’s what you can use to

create-or break-habits of your own.

Here’s how to apply it:

Choose a cue, like leaving your running shoes by the

door, then pick a reward---say, a piece of chocolate when

you get home from the gym. That way, the cue and the

reward become interconnected. Finally, when you see the

shoes, your brain will start longing for the reward, which

will make it easier to work out day after day. The best

part? In a couple of weeks, you won’t need the chocolate

at all. Your brain will come to see the workout itself as

the reward. Which is the whole point, right?

56. Which of the following best fits in the box with a “?” in THE HABIT LOOP?

A. Pick a new cue.

B. Form a new habit.

C. Choose a new reward.

D. Design a new resolution.

57. What's the purpose of putting the habit loop to use?

A. To test out different kinds of cues.

B. To work out the best New Year's resolution.

C. To motivate yourself with satisfactory rewards.

D. To do something as a habit even without rewards.

B

After my pubic lectures on evolu tion, someone in the audience asks, “Are we still evolving?” People want to know if humans are getting taller, smarter, better looking or more athletic. My answer is truthful but disappointing: We’re almost certainly evolving, but we don’ t know in what di rection or how fast.

We’ve seen some evolution in our species over the past few millennia(千年), but it was detected by reconstructing history from DNA sequences. For example, we know that during the past 10,000 years, several populations of humans —those keeping sheep, cows or goats for milk—gained the ability to digest dairy products. This trait was useless in our earlier ancestors who, after babyhood, never encountered milk. And in the past 3,000 years, Tibetans have acquired genetic adaptations that allowed them to develop well in their high-altitude, low-oxygen home. But these well-documented changes are limited to particular populations, so the evidence for recent evolution of our entire species, remains not much.

The authors of “Evolving Ourselves” disagree. Not only, they claim, are we evolving faster than ever, but we’re doing it to ourselves. Juan Enriquez and Steve Gullans argue that humans have controlled evolution — not just in our own species but virtually in all species: “For better or worse, we are increasingly in charge. We are the primary drivers of change. We will directly and indirectly determine what lives, what dies, where, and when. We are in a different phase of evolution: the future of life is now in our hands.”

According to the aut hors, we’ve replaced natural selection with what they call “unnatural selection.” Overfishing, for example, has reduced the average size of many fish species, for taking the biggest fish selects in favor of those that reproduce when younger and smaller.

Y et while there’s no doubt that we’re changing the planet, the claim that we’re completely changing evolution on the planet does not follow. Let’s take those fish that are evolving to reproduce smaller and younger. This phenomenon has been documented in many species that we eat, but this is just a minuscule fraction(极小的一部分) of the 30,000 known species of fish.

The authors speak with unwarranted assurance about how our species is evolving in response to nearly everything. When they assert, for example, our ingestion(摄取) of drugs and exposure to chemicals mean that “our children’ s brains are evolving fast,” they are overplaying their hand and abusing the word “evolution.” Out children’s brains may be changing fast in response to the new pharmacological(药理学的)environment, but change alone is not evolution.

58. The two examples in Paragraph 2 are given to_________.

A. show in what direction humans evolve

B. explain the importance of DNA sequences

C. illustrate the evidence for evolution of our entire species is insufficient

D. demonstrate how slow humans have evolved over the past few millennia

59. The authors of “Evolving Ourselves” claim that________.

A. humans dominate the future of other life

B. fish become smaller because of natural selection

C. humans are to blame for changing the planet for the worse

D. the boundary between natural selection and unnatural selection is unfixed

60. What is the major question discussed in the passage?

A. Are humans still evolving

B. Is unnatural selection powerful?

C. Are humans the main driver of evolution?

D. Does evolution require many genetic changes?

C

Dishonesty is a slippery slope. If you behave dishonestly once, you may become more likely to do so again in the future, a new study from England showed. The reason may be that the brain grows less sensitive to self-serving dishonest behavior over time, the researcher said.

In the study, the researchers asked 80 adults aged 18 to 65 to advise a second person about the amount of money in a glass jar of pennies. In several of the trials, conditions made sure dishonesty benefited the participants. For example, the researchers might promise the participants a higher reward if their partners overestimated the number of pennies in the jar.

People’ s dishonesty escalated(升级)ov er the course of these trials. “This study is the first experimental evidence that dishonest behavior escalates,” said Neil Garrett, the lead author of the study and an experimental psychology researcher at University College London.

With 25 of the participants, the researchers conducted the penny-jar experiments while a functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI)machine scanned the person’ s brain. The results showed that the amygdala, a part of the brain connected to emotions, showed a marked reduction in activity in response to self-serving dishonesty over the course of the trials.

In fact, researchers found that the amount of the reduction in the amygdala’s activity for each trial could predict the amount that the participant’ s dishonesty would increase by in the next trial: The more the amygdala’ s activity reduces during one trial, the bigger the lie would be the next time. “It is likely that brain’ s blunted response to repeated acts of dishonesty reflects a reduced emotional response to these acts,” Garrett said.

The study also offers support for the idea that the activity in the amygdala “signals aversion(厌恶)to acts that we consider wrong or immoral,” Garrett said. In other words, whenever a person lies for personal gain, the amygdala produces a negative feeling that helps control that act—but the more often a person lies, the more the response fades, leading to a slippery slope that may encourage an escalation of dishonest behavior.

People in the study actually lied the most when their lies bene fited both them and their partners. “This may be because it is easier to rationalize these lies,” said Tail Sharot, the senior author of the study and an associate professor of cognitive neuroscience at University College London. In this condition, the amygdala did not show the same response pattern as when people lied simply to benefit themselves.

Interestingly, though, the researchers found that study participants never lied as much as they could have. Participants’ estimates of the value of the coins in the jar were always significantly lower than the ceiling, meaning that the individuals “always had an opportunity to lie more than they actually did,” the paper said. Sharot explained that people usually lie by just a little bit, perhaps so they can still hold a relatively positive perception of themselves.

“Still, the results may have important implications for other types of decision-making, such as risk-taking or violent behavior,” the researchers said. “The results show the possible dangers of regular engagement in small acts of dishonesty, risks that are frequently observed in fields ranging from business to politics and law enforcement,” the scientists wrote in their findings. “The study suggests that repeated small lies may pave the way for larger l ies over time,” the researchers said.

61. What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph1 mean?

A. Dishonesty can change a person as time goes on.

B. Dishonesty makes a person’ s brain less sensitive.

C. Dishonesty makes a person tend to feel ashamed.

D. Dishonesty may lead to more dishonest behavior.

62. According to the study, lies easily occur when _________.

A. lies benefit those who tell lies

B. people have been lied to

C. people have no choice but to lie

D. both sides benefit from these lies

63. It can be inferred that the study in the passage _________.

A. makes no sense

B. is not reliable

C. is very significant

D. is quite comprehensive

64. Which would be the best title for the passage?

A. Lies develop more lies

B. Dishonesty is bad manners

C. The brain is used dishonestly

D. The brain is less sensitive to lies

D

Laws and Morality

All laws, whether prescriptive (约定俗成的) or prohibitive, legislate morality. All laws, regardless of their content or their intent, arise from a system of values, from a belief that some things are right and others wrong, that some things are good and others bad, and that some things are better and others worse. In the formulation and enforcement (实施) of law, the question is never whether or not morality will be legislated, but which one. That question is fundamentally important because not all systems of morality are equal. Some are wise, but others are foolish. For better or worse, every piece of legislation touches directly or indirectly on moral issues, or is based on moral judgments and evaluations concerning what we want or believe ought to be, and what we ought to produce and preserve.

Sometimes those who resist legislating morality do so not because they object to the morality being legislated, but because they value freedom and wish to defend it. They do not seem to understand, however, that their allegedly (宣称地) morals-free proposals will be the death of the freedom they value, not its protection. Without the guidance and constraint of morally informed laws, liberty degenerates (退化) into mere license, which is not the same as political freedom. One simply cannot reject moral authority and yet live in an orderly world. When a people banish morality from the public square, they give birth to an outlaw culture, not to freedom. Because human nature is what it is, without great volumes of enforceable laws, political freedom is short-lived, and finally impossible.

Almost no one in the South today argues that slavery is moral, even though many of their great-grandparents thought it was and, as a result, owned other human beings as property. What stands between today’s southern Americans and their slave-owning ancestors is morals-based laws, specifically the Civil Rights laws of the mid-twentieth century, all of which helped radically to reshape the behavior and beliefs of those who grew up in their wake. Similarly, before prohibition the average annual consumption of alcohol in America was nearly three gallons per person. After prohibition that number fell to slightly less than one gallon.

While legislating morality is an inevitability, I am not saying all sins ought to be made crimes. No government could effectively enforce laws against so-called “white lies”, even though such activities are sinful.

We are not born into the world as good and competent citizens. The civic virtues and public responsibilities that define good citizenship must be acquired. They need to be learned. In that sense, we all enter this world unequipped by natural endowment for effective citizenship and self-government. This is why one of the oldest political insights available to us is that we are always only one generation from barbarism. Every newly born generation needs to be civilized, or culturally housebroken. Those necessary but unnatural social skills and civic virtues require nurture and guidance for their growth -- even for their existence. Consequently, moral education is a prerequisite (必备条件) for a sound and flourishing civil society.

Laws divorced from morality cannot accomplish that task. Instead, morals-free laws teach the citizens that moral conduct is not necessary, either for their own happiness or for the establishment and continuation of a good society and civil order. Perhaps an analogy(类比) will serve to clarify the point: computer programmers employ the acronym “gigo,” derived from the first letters of the words “garbage in, garbage out,” a phrase warning those programmers that no bad program yields(产生) good results.

65. What’s the author’s understanding of the relationship between laws and morality?

A. Morality varies with laws.

B. Laws are based on morality.

C. Laws are superior to morality.

D. Morality arises from the practice of laws.

66. According to the passage, political freedom can be maintained by ___________.

A. creating an outlaw culture

B. supporting morals-free proposals

C. praising the nature of human beings

D. enforcing morally informed laws

67. The author mentioned the examples of “slavery” and “alcohol” to prove that ___________.

A. laws can force people to behave in a particular way

B. people used to misunderstand the meaning of morals

C. moral standards have been changing since ancient times

D. people addicted to alcohol are more likely to challenge morals

68. What’s the author’ s attitude towards so-called “white lies”?

A. Critical.

B. Indifferent.

C. Tolerant.

D. Cautious.

69. The underlined word “barbarism” in the last but one paragraph probably means “________”

A. an absolutely new insight

B. an advanced civilization

C. a well-regulated society

D. an uncivilized and rude state

70. The author uses the words “garbage in, garbage out” to show that ___________.

A. some social systems can be easily abandoned

B. a society with bad laws turns out to be a bad one

C. citizens are responsible for building a good society

D. establishing a harmonious society is really difficult

第II卷(非选择题,共35分)

第四部分任务型阅读(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分) 请认真阅读下列短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意:每个空格只填一个单词。

The most common use of intelligence test scores is to predict degree of academic success. Such scores are used in some communities as bases for admitting able children to schools at ages younger than normal, and they are very generally used to determine admissions to schools beyond public secondary school. Another use common in elementary schools involves comparing such scores with performances in various subjects to identify children who are working below capacity.

The greatest problem in using intelligence tests for the purpose of prediction is that no dependable criterion of their accuracy exists. The ideal criteria would be objective and reliable achievement tests following instructions in each subject, but there are few such tests, especially at the college level. Studies have shown that correlations(相关性) between intelligence tests and achievement tests in various subjects through secondary school range roughly from 0.5 to 0.8. Such correlations are fairly high,but they do not suggest anywhere near complete agreement.

At the college level there are two major tests used as criteria of admission. By far the more important is the College Entrance Examination, constructed by the Educational Testing Service authorized by the College Entrance Examination Board. These tests are returned to the Educational Testing Service for scoring, and the results are then made available to the various colleges authorized by the students to receive them. The second test of this type is the American College Test, which operates in essentially the same fashion.

Both tests constitute(组成) measures of certain skills, abilities, and knowledge that have been found to be related to success in college. Their correlations with academic success are limited for three outstanding reasons. First, measures of achievement in college arc themselves perhaps no more reliable than those in elementary and secondary schools. Second, academic success is determined by many other factors apart from intellectual ones, especially at the college level. Many students drop out of school because they are inadequately motivated or because they dislike the instructional programme. Third, correlations are lowered because the use of such tests for denying admission to some students means that the range of scores for those admitted is restricted, and there is a tendency that such restrictions may reduce correlations.

六、书面表达(1*25)

Recently a heated debate about whether users are willing to trade privacy for convenience goes viral on social networks, as there is too much convenience and too little privacy. For example, if you open the page of an app and enter something in the search box, there will be a lot of “ you might be in interested in these” advertiseme nts, with their content based on your search history. That means the company has kept your data and is making use of that data for commercial purposes.

That applies to other giants such as smartphone producers and telecom companies. When you buy a new smartphone, there are always pre-installed apps, and many of them collect your data for their own use. Your privacy is nothing compared with their commercial interests.

The users are in an inferior position compared with the companies, but the law should not allow an unlimited trade of privacy for convenience. A simple click on “I agree” should not be considered an excuse for the service providers to collect, use, and store users’ data, which must be better protected by the law.

Convenience and privacy are opponents-when convenience win, privacy lose and vice versa.

写作内容:

1.用约30字写出上文概要。

2.结合上述信息,简要分析“方便” 和“隐私” 是“零和游戏” 这一现象。

3.根据你的分析,从公司和个人两方面就如何解决这一问题谈谈你的看法。(不少于两点)写作要求:

1.写作过程中不能直接引用用原文语句。

2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。

2018-2019学年上海中学高三上英语期中英语试卷

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