专升本非谓语动词

非谓语动词

非谓语动词是指那些在句中不能单独充当句子谓语成分的动词形式。基本形式有四种：不定式、动名词、分词和独立主格结构。

1 不定式：06P81阅读1，第三段：Freezers make it possible to keep some of the vegetabl es to be enjoyed at a later date.

第四段：One should not plant a garden t hat is too large for him to care for.

2 动名词与现在分词：

Having vegetables in the backyard makes home gardening appealing to many people.

一不定式考点

不定式构成to+do(动词原形)。

1 不定式的时态与语态

注意to have done的特殊考点：

(1) should like/would like/love +to have done,表示过去未实现的动作；

I’d like to have gone with you on your hike last weekend, but I was too busy.

(2) 在wish, intend, mean, expect, pretend, plan, think等表示“打算”“计划”等含义的过去时动词后面,接to have done也表示动作没有实现。

I intended to have limited my research to waste water treatment, but I was asked to deal with other problems too.

2 n+to do+介词

I haven’t decided which hotel to stay at.

3 do but/except 结构中，but 前面有do的某种形式，but/except后接不带to的不定式。另外cannot help but也接不带to的不定式，属于特例。

4 had better, would rather/sooner…than…, rather…than, might as well之后必须接动词原形。

二动名词考点

1 时态和语态

2 专升本英语可能会出现的后接动名词的动词有：admit, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay,

deny, imagine, mind, miss, practice, resist, risk, suggest, quit, enjoy, finish.(如考到后两词，那属于弱智题)。

3 专升本英语可能会出现的后接动名词的词组有：be(get)used to ; be accustomed to, be de voted to, be busy, cannot help, confess to, give up, have trouble(in), have difficulty(in )[h 1] , it is no use/good[h2] , look forward to, object to, lead to, stick to, get down to, see t o等。

Used to do VS be used to doing[h3]

Be accustomed to, be used to, devote to, dedicate to, look forward to, lead to, contribute to, object to, stick to, get down to, see to.这里的to 都是介词，后面只能接动名词。

4 在need, want, require, deserve等动词以及形容词worth后，动名词主动形式表示被动意义。

Y our hair wants cutting.

三分词考点（本部分结合教材）

分词是非谓语动词部分最为重要的一个部分，分词包括present participle, past participle。分词也具有时态和语态的变化。

1 现在分词与过去分词的区别点：

还要注意原则上语态服从时态，如retired general。

Seeing from the hill, you can see the whole city.

Seeing from the hill, the city is beautiful.

Heated to 100, water will boil.

Heating to 100, water will boil

2有些过去分词已经转化为形容词，没有被动的概念和已经完成的概念，如a practiced ma n技术娴熟的人，well-behaved young man懂礼貌的年轻人，the cultivated people 有修养的人。尤其在做阅读理解时候注意及时能从相应的动词意义转变过来。同样道理，有些动词的现在分词也已转化为固定的形容词，主要是由表示人的情绪的动词变化而来，意思为“令人…”如：amusing, astonishing, boring, inspiring, promising, puzzling。这就要注意过去分词、现在分词转化来的形容词词义的差别：

Boring, bored; interesting, interested; satisfying, satisfied; tiring, tired等。

3 现在分词的完成式、被动式

第一，表示一般性动作，不表明动作的先后或与谓语动作同时发生，用现在分词一般式。

第三，现在分词的逻辑主语是现在分词动作的对象，要用被动式。（not）being done,(not)ha ving been done.

例句研究：

1 Over fishing, coupled with destructive fishing practices, is killing off the fish and ruinin

g their environment.(CET03\1听力)。顺便注意这里的主谓一致is.

过去分词转化的形容词短语作状语

2 They stated their considered judgement, painstaking arrived at after thorough inquiry and deliberation.(CET4,03,9)

过去分词做定语的典型例子。

四独立主格结构

我们在前面讲到过去分词和现在分词短语作状语时候，它们的逻辑主语应该是句子的主语。但有时过去分词短语和现在分词短语带有自己的主语，这个主语叫做逻辑主语，该逻辑主语一般由名词或代词充当，放在过去分词或现在分词短语之前，我们把这一结构称为独立主格结构。

She walked along the path, her daughter following close behind.

All the work done, you can have a rest.

Weather permitting, we’ll go to the Summer Palace.

(一)独立主格结构特点：

1 独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在

Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.

2 名词或代词与后面的分词、形容词、副词、不定式或介词短语等是主谓关系

The day being fine, we decided to go swimming.

It being a holiday, all the shops were shut.

3 独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。

They’ll send you the book for $10, postage included.

（二）with/without 的复合结构作独立主语

一个独立主格结构前面可以加上with/without ，作伴随状语或定语。我们可以把它理解为w ith的独立主格结构。

1 The murder was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back.

2 The children looked at us, with their eyes opening wide.

3 With night coming on, they went home.

4 The river with grass and flowers on both sides runs through our schoolyard.

三练习反馈

1 _________, there was nothing for it but to swim across.

A The bridge having been destroyed

B The bridge was destroyed

C The bridge to be destroyed

D The bridge has been destroyed

2 With more and more students_______ colleges, higher education seems to have become

a primary concern in recent years.

A attend

B is attending

C attending

D are attending

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