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-英文翻译十二式-英文,商务英文,英文翻译方法_1.doc

-英文翻译十二式-英文,商务英文,英文翻译方法_1.doc
-英文翻译十二式-英文,商务英文,英文翻译方法_1.doc

英语翻译十二式-英语,商务英语,英语翻译方法

(一) 同义反译法

例子:

1、Only three customers remained in the bar.

酒吧间只有三个顾客还没有走。(不译:还“留着”或“还呆在那里”)

2、I’ll be here for good this time.

这一次我再也不走了。(不译:“永远在此呆下去”)

3、Please keep the fire burning when I’m out.

我不在家的时候,请别让炉子灭了。(不译:“我外出时,请让炉子继续烧着”)

4、"Wait, he is serious."

等等,他不是说着玩儿的。(不译:等等,他是认真的。)

5、"Now, Clara, be firm with the boy!"

听我说,克拉拉,对这孩子可不能心软。(不译:……对这孩子要坚定)

(二) 删减解释词

例子:

The traveller in the south must often have remarked that peculiar air of refinement, that softness of voice and manner, which seems in many cases to be a particular gift to the quotation and mulatto women.

到南方去的人看见那些黑白混血的女郎,准定会注意到她们十之八九都赋有那种独特的优雅风度、的那种柔和的声调和文静的举止。

(三) 短句拆译

例子:

" ...on one sunshiny morning in June , ..."

在六月里的一天早上,天气晴朗,……

(四)译词推陈出新

例子:

When he might well have acted with boldness, he found himself filled with doubts, scruples and equivocations, in addition to the

ordinary fears of a lower.

原译:当他可以大胆行动的时候,他发现自己除了一个情人所具有的那种普通的害怕之外,心里还充满怀疑、的顾虑和踌躇。

改译:等到他不妨放胆去追求的时候,他却迟疑不定,顾虑重重。至于一般堕入情网的人那种种常有的提心吊胆的心理,那就更是难免的了。

原词原译改译

when 当……的时候等到……的时候

act with boldness 大胆行动放胆去追求

a lover 一个情人一般堕入情网的人

ordinary fears 普通的害怕种种常有的提心吊胆的心理in addition to 除了……之外那就更是难免的了

(五) 解释性添词

[1]

忘词,是我们都经历过的事件,越是想要表达它的时候,就越是找不到合适词。也许你想说的就在嘴边,但就是忘了怎么拼写了。尤其在英语四六级作文中,词汇量不足是影响成绩的一个重要因素。一个意思往往因为一个单词不会而表达不清,一个好的句子也会因为一个词汇想不起来而不能完成。如何应付这种情况使作文顺利进行下去?

忘词,是我们都经历过的事件,越是想要表达它的时候,就越是找不到合适词。也许你想说的就在嘴边,但就是忘了怎么拼写了。尤其在英语四六级作文中,词汇量不足是影响成绩的一个重要因素。一个意思往往因为一个单词不会而表达不清,一个好的句子也会因为一个词汇想不起来而不能完成。如何应付这种情况使作文顺利进行下去?下面是三种简便易行的应急措施可能对你会有所帮助。

1.试用笼统词

英语语言中笼统词有have, take 等,笼统词的重要特点在于意义广泛,搭配性强,构成词组后可以替代众多具体动词。虽然不能精确表达一个动作,却能大致表达意思。在一些具体动词

写不出来的时候,用这些笼统词取代,也能收到异曲同工的效果。

例如:我经历了一个极其艰苦的时代。

I experienced a terrible hard time.

这一句中,experience被遗忘时,用have代替,成为:I had a terrible hard time. 其效果及表达的意义决不亚于第一句。这样的例子还很多。如:

Do you understand my meaning, sir? = Do you take my meaning, sir?

I will preside over the meeting. = I will take the meeting.

I will subscribe to the local newspaper. = I will take the local newspaper.

They occupied the city. = They took the city.

The boy resembles his father. = The boy takes after his father.

从以上的例句不难看出,具体词音节较多,使用频率不高,容易遗忘,而笼统词则不然。因此,在作文应试中,笼统词取代具体词,不失为一种应急良策。

2.联想有关词汇

当遗忘产生时,或遇到未曾学过的词时,应采取放射性思维,发挥想象力,想出一切与之有关的单词,利用语言的内在联系,多层次,多角度地运用语言。一般情况下,联想可按下列思路进行:1联想同义词;2联想反义词。

英语语言中众多的同义词在许多情况下是可以通用的。利用这一规律,由于某个单词受阻而影响全篇写作的情况便不会出现。试看下列句子:

I had a nightmare last night. = I had a bad dream last night.

Nightmare 使用频率不太高,因此不太好记。而其同义词bad dream 却很容易记。以后者取代前者丝毫不影响原句的意义。再比如:I don‘t understand this word. 也可以说成I don’t know this word.

另外:

He is stupid. = He is foolish. = He is a fool. = He is silly.

The food is delicious. = The food is tasty. = The food is nice to eat.

They discontinued the work at five. = They stopped the work at five.

His temper is nasty. = His temper is terrible. = He has a bad

temper.

英语语言中词与词之间是有联系的,词与词之间语义的“共核”现象即所谓的同义词。丰富的同义词给我们提供了极大的方便。

同样,用其反义词来取代某一遗忘了的词也是可行的,请看下面的例子:

He is stubborn. = He is not tame.

The knife is blunt. = The knife is not sharp.

This is expensive. = This is not cheap.

She is talkative. = She is never quiet.

3. 试用解释性语句

语言的功能在于表达,而表达的方式是多种多样的。当一个词影响到可以沟通。英语当中多功能解释性语句,就可以起到这一作用。请看下面的句子:

He is a dumb. = He is a person who can not speak.

He refused. = He said “no”。

I’ve never seen such a stubborn person. = I’ve never seen

such a person who never listens to other‘s advice.

解释性语句能帮助我们巧妙地避开一些大词,难词,又能使意思表达流畅,不失为一聪明之举。比较下面两篇文章:

(1)、Examination is a common headache to students all over the world. They all detest is, but all being domineered by it. It represents a trial; the grade its verdict.

Nowadays, examination has become a popular form of testing. It almost can dominate one‘s future. I am not exaggerating; for you all know it is true. If we want to obtain a diploma, we must first pass the exams. If we do not have a diploma, we may not find a job easily. That is the reason why all students are nervous and pale when they are sitting for an important examination which may concern their future.

But as long as examination is on its peak of power, we must be philosophical of it. Do not always think of the harm that it brings, but think of the good it may do to us. If we do not have exams, we may indulge ourselves in other things instead of books. Exams have to always drive us on. What is wrong for learning more and thoroughly?

(2)、Examination is a common headache to students all over

the world. They all dislike it (hate it),but all being ruled by it. It is a trial; the grade its decision.

Nowadays, examination has become a popular form of testing. It almost can control one‘s future. I am telling the truth, for you all know it is true. If we want to get a graduation paper, we may not find a job easily. That is the reason why all students are nervous and pale when they are sitting for an important examination which may have something to do with their future.

But as long as examination is on its highest point of power, we must have a calm attitude to it. Do not always think of the harm that it brings, but think of the good it may do to us. If we do not have exams, we may spend our time on other things instead of books. Exams have to always drive us on. What is wrong for learning more and deeply?

比较两篇文章,第一篇短小精干,用词准确,不失为一篇优秀作文。而第二篇全篇采用最普通的词汇,意思同样清楚,也不失得体,流畅。

四六级作文的评分标准一般侧重于能清楚地表达意义,段落,层次有系统性,语法正确,而并不过分强调用词的精确度。因此作文应试的要领应该是快捷、清楚、流畅。所以,就考试而

言,碰到难词或遗忘词时,过分地把时间花在“钻牛角尖”上是不明智的,而应该采取灵活的思维方法、迂回的战术,运用简单、易记的词汇及表达方式,从而能够运用有限的词汇作出美妙的文章,轻松自如地驾驭语言,把握时机,以聪明克服缺陷,以机智灵巧克服学究式的笨拙,以少胜多,最大限度地发挥自己的潜能。

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Unit 1 恰到好处 你见过一个笨手笨脚的男人往箱子上钉钉子吗?只见他左敲敲,右敲敲,说不准还会将整个钉子锤翻,结果敲来敲去到头来只敲进了半截。而娴熟的木匠就不这么干。他每敲一下都会坚实巧妙地正对着钉头落下去,一钉到底。语言也是如此。一位优秀的艺术家谴词造句上力求准确而有力地表达自己的观点。差不多的词,不准确的短语,摸棱两可的表达,含糊不清的修饰,都无法使一位追求纯真英语的作家满意。他会一直思考,直至找到那个能准确表达他的意思的词。 法国人有一个很贴切的短语来表达这样一个意思,即“le mot juste”, 恰到好处的词。有很多关于精益求精的作家的名人轶事,比如福楼拜常花几天的时间力求使一两个句子在表达上准确无误。在浩瀚的词海中,词与词之间有着微妙的区别,要找到能恰如其分表达我们意思的词绝非易事。这不仅仅是扎实的语言功底和相当大的词汇量的问题,还需要人们绞尽脑汁,要观察敏锐。选词是认识过程的一个步骤,也是详细描述我们的思想感情并表达出来使自己以及听众和读者深刻理解的一个环节。有人说:“在我思想未成文之前,我怎么知道自己的想法?”这听起来似乎很离谱,但它确实很有道理。 寻找恰如其分的词的确是件不容易的事。一旦找到了那个词,我们就会感到很欣慰:辛劳得到了回报。准确地用语言有助于我们深入了解我们描述的事物。例如,当有人问你:“某某是怎么样的人?”你回答说:“恩,我想他是个不错的家伙,但他非常……”接着你犹豫了,试图找到一个词或短语来说明他到底讨厌在哪里。当你找到一个恰当的短语的时候,你发觉自己对他的看法更清楚,也更精确了。 一些英语词汇词根相同而意义却截然不同。例如human 和humane,二者的词根相同,词义也相关,但用法完全不同。“ human action (人类行为)”和“humane action ( 人道行为)”完全是两码事。我们不能说“人道权力宣言”,而是说“人权宣言”。有一种屠杀工具叫“humane killer ( 麻醉屠宰机),而不是human killer ( 杀人机器)。 语言中的坏手艺的例子在我们身边随处可见。有人邀请一名学生去吃饭,他写信给予回复。请看他的信是这样结尾的:“我将很高兴赴约并满怀不安(anxiety )期待着那个日子的到来。”“Anxiety” 含有烦恼和恐惧的意味。作者想表达的很可能是一种翘首期盼的心情。“Anxiety” 跟热切期盼有一定的关联,但在这个场合是不能等同的。 乌干达一政党领袖给新闻界的一封信中有一句这样写道: 让我们打破这自私、投机、怯懦和无知充斥的乌干达,代之以真理,刚毅,坚定和奇异的精神。 这一激动人心的呼吁被最后一个词“奇异(singularity)” 的误用破坏掉了。我猜想作者真正要表达的意思是思想的专一,即抱定一个信念永不改变,咬定青山不放松,不被次要的目的干扰。而singularity 指的是古怪,特性,是将一个人从众多人中区分出来的那种东西。 即使没有出现词语误用,这词仍可能不是符合作者意图的恰如其分的词。一名记者在一篇有关圣诞节的社论中这样引出狄更斯的话: 任何有关圣诞节的想法和文字已经被禁锢(imprisoned )在这句话中……“Imprisonment” 暗示着强迫,威逼,这么一来似乎意思是有悖其初衷的。用“包含(contained )”或“归结(summed up )”就要好些。“概括(epitomized)”也行,尽管听起来有点僵硬。稍微再用点心我们就能准确地找到“mot juste (恰倒好处的词) ”,那就是“distilled”.它比包含和归结语气更强。“Distillation (提炼)”意味得到本质(essence)的东西。因此我们可以进一步把这个句子修改为: 所有有关圣诞节的想法和文字的精华都被提炼到这句话之中。

商务英语翻译

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