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华科历年中国语文考题卷及答案

华科历年中国语文考题卷及答案
华科历年中国语文考题卷及答案

华中科技大学2008~2009学年第一学期

一、多项选择题(每题2分,共7题14分,多选、少选、错选一律不得分)

1、古文运动中唐朝代表人物是(BD )。

A、李白

B、韩愈

C、元稹

D、柳宗元

2、明清时期的时文是( CD )。

A、小品文

B、抒情散文

C、八股文

D、游记散文

3、一个绿衣的邮夫,

低着头儿走路;

——也有时看看路旁。

他的面貌很平常,

大半安于他的生活,

不带着一点悲伤。

对上述诗句的描述是正确的有(ACD )

A、作者冯至

B、作者刘半农

C、题目是《绿衣人》

D、这首诗的最后一句是“这个人可怕的时候到了!”。

4、20世纪80年代,散文创作逐渐回到个人体验,表现日常事态和心绪,代表作家有(BD)

A、夏衍

B、黑孩

C、邹韬奋

D、周佩红

5、对“浮云长长长长长长长长长消”句读合理的分别是:(ABCD )

A、浮云长长,长长长长。长长长消。44 4

B、浮云长,长长长。长长,长长长消。33 24

C、浮云长长长长。长长长,长长消。6 33

D、浮云长长长长。长长,长长长消。6 24

6、下列句子有歧义的是:(ABCD )

A、三个报社的记者来这里采访。

B、这个人头发长得有些怪。

C、休息了一会儿,他想起来了。

D、他走了一天。

7、词语“酱紫”指称的是一种颜色,但在网络语言中,所表达的意思却是“这样子”。比较合理的解释是:(ABC )

A、语音弱化

B、语音脱落

C、谐音

D、比较

二、填空题(每空1分,共20分)

8、中国古代诗歌因为诗经和楚辞,形成“诗骚传统”,分别是(现实主义)和(浪漫主义)精神。

9、魏晋六朝的小说一般分为志人小说和( 志怪小说)。

10、中国古代戏曲的发展经历了宋代的南戏、元代的(杂剧)、明清的(昆剧)及京戏。

11、现代文学中率先兴起的散文作品是议论时政的杂感短文,统称(杂文),代表作家有(鲁

迅)、(周作人)、()、()。

12、朦胧诗派的代表诗人和他们的代表作有食指的《四点零八分的北京》、(舒婷)的《致橡树》、(北岛)的《回答》等。

13、当(洋泾浜)在一定条件下成为社会的交际工具,并成为孩子们的母语时,就发生了克里奥尔化,形成克里奥尔语。

14、在现代汉语中,(声调)是音节中能够区别意义的音高变化。

15、现代汉语的标音方法有(国际音标)和(汉语拼音方案)。

16、现在公认各民族文字都从(图画)发展而来。

17、从格律上看,诗可分为(律诗)和(绝句)。

18、乐府产生于(汉代)。

三、分析改错题(每题3分,共6分)

19、听了张三的报告,给了我很大的启发和教育。

主谓不一致应改为:听了张三的报告,我受到了很大的启发和教育。

20、在会上发言的,有三个学校的代表。

句子有歧义应该为:在会上发言的是来自三个学校的代表。

四、阅读欣赏、理解题(第21题为必答题,为12分;第22、23、24、25题中选做两题,每题14分;共40分)

21、阅读以下材料,并回答问题。(12分)

《荀子·宥坐》:“孔子为鲁摄相,朝七日而诛少正卯。门人进问曰:‘夫少正卯鲁之闻人也,夫子为政而诛之,得无失乎?’孔子曰:‘居,吾语女其故。人有恶者五,而窃盗不与焉:一曰心达而险,二曰行僻而坚,三曰言伪而辨,四曰记丑而博,五曰顺非而泽。此五者,有一于人,则不得免于君子之诛,而少正卯兼有之。故居处足以聚徒成群,言谈足以饬邪营众,强足以反是独立,此小人之桀雄也,不可以不诛也。是以汤诛尹谐,文王诛潘止,周公诛管叔,太公诛华仕,管仲诛付里乙,子产诛邓析、史付,此七子者,皆异世同心,不可不诛也。《诗》曰:“忧心悄悄,愠于群小。”小人成群,斯足忧矣。’”

○1请翻译文中划线的句子。(4分)

○2请问本段文字中是否虚构?如是,请分析虚构的目的。(4分)

○3请分析本段文字中孔子所说一段话使用的论辩方法,并举例说明。(4分)

22、阅读《迢迢牵牛星》一诗,并回答问题。(14分)

迢迢牵牛星

迢迢牵牛星,皎皎河汉女。纤纤擢素手,札札弄机杼。终日不成章,泣涕零如雨。河汉清且浅,相去复几许?盈盈一水间,脉脉不得语。

①请分析“皎皎河汉女”一句的艺术手法。(4分)

②请问本诗是文人诗还是乐府诗?并说明理由。(5分)

③结合本诗的创作时代背景,谈谈本诗的主旨是什么?(5分)

23、阅读下文并回答问题。(14分)

百花洲明·袁宏道

百花洲在胥、盘二门之间。余一夕从盘门出,道逢江进之,问:“百花洲花盛开否?盍往观之。”余曰:“无他物,惟有二三十粪艘,鳞次绮错,氤氛数里而已矣。”进之大笑而别。

○1请问本文的是什么文体?这种文体有什么特点?(6分)

○2本文体现了作者什么情趣?作者是如何表现这种情趣?(8分)

24、阅读现代派诗人何其芳的诗歌《花环》,并回答问题。(14分)

花环(放在一个小坟上)——何其芳

开落在幽谷里的花最香。

无人记忆的朝露最有光。

我说你是幸福的,小玲玲,

没有照过影子的小溪最清亮。

你梦过绿藤缘进你窗里,

金色的小花坠落到你发上。

你为檐雨说出的故事感动,

你爱寂寞,寂寞的星光。

你有珍珠似的少女的泪,

常流着没有名字的悲伤。

你有美丽得使你忧愁的日子,

你有更美丽的夭亡。

○1“现代派”诗歌的代表人物有哪些,总体的艺术追求是什么?(6分)

○2在这首诗里,反映了怎样的一种思想情感?作者为什么说这个少女的早夭是“更美丽的夭亡”?(8分)

25、阅读王小波的散文《智慧与国学》,并回答问题。(14分)

智慧与国学(节选)王小波

我有位阿姨,生了个傻女儿,比我大几岁,不知从几岁开始学会了缝扣子。她大概还学过些别的,但没有学会。总而言之,这是她惟一的技能。我到她家去坐时,每隔三到五分钟,这傻丫头都要对我狂嚎一声:“我会缝扣子!”我知道她的意思:她想让我向她学缝扣子。但我就是不肯,理由有二:其一,我自己会缝扣子;其二,我怕她扎着我。她这样爱我,让人感动。但她身上的味也很难闻。

我在美国留学时,认得一位青年,叫做戴维。我看他人还不错,就给他讲解中华文化的真谛,什么忠孝、仁义之类。他听了居然不感动,还说:“我们也爱国。我们也尊敬老年人。

这有什么?我们都知道!”我听了不由得动了邪火,真想扑上去咬他。之所以没有咬,是因为想起了傻大姐,自觉得该和她有点区别,所以悻悻然地走开,心里想道:妈的!你知道这些,还不是从我们这里知道的。礼义廉耻,洋人所知没有我们精深,但也没有儿奸母、子食父、满地拉屎。东方文化里所有的一切,那边都有,之所以没有投入全身心来讲究,主要是因为人家还有些别的事情。

假如我那傻大姐学会了一点西洋学术,比方说,几何学,一定会跳起来大叫道:人所以异于禽兽者,几稀!这东西就是几何学!这话不是没有道理,的确没有哪种禽兽会几何学。那时她肯定要逼我跟她学几何,如果我不肯跟她学,她定要说我是禽兽之类,并且责之以大义。至于我是不是已经会了一些,她就不管了。我的意思当然不是说她能学会这东西,而是说她只要会了任何一点东西,都会当作超级智慧,相比之下那东西是什么倒无所谓。由这件事我想到超级知识的本质。这种东西罗素和苏格拉底都学不会,我学起来也难。任何知识本身,即便烦难,也可以学会。难就难在让它变成超级,从中得到大欢喜、大欢乐,无限的自满、自足、手之舞之足之蹈之的那种品行。这种品行我的那位傻大姐身上最多,我身上较少。至于罗素、苏格拉底两位先生,他们身上一点都没有。

傻大姐是个知识的放大器,学点东西极苦,学成以后极乐。某些国人对待国学的态度与傻大姐相近。说实在的,他们把它放得够大了。拉封丹寓言里,有一则《大山临盆》,内容如下:大山临盆,天为之崩,地为之裂,日月星辰,为之无光。房倒屋坍,烟尘滚滚,天下生灵,死伤无数……最后生下了一只耗子。中国的人文学者弄点学问,就如大山临盆一样壮烈。当然,我说的不止现在,而且有过去,还有未来。

正如迂夫子不懂西方的智慧,也能对它品头论足一样,罗素没有手舞足蹈的品行,但也能品出其中的味道——大概把对自己所治之学的狂热感情视作学问本身乃是一种常见的毛病,不独中国人犯,外国人也要犯。他说:人可能认为自己有无穷的财源,而且这种想法可以让他得到一些(何止是一些!罗素真是不懂___王注)满足。有人确实有这种想法,但银行经理和法院一般不会同意他们。银行里有帐目,想骗也骗不成;至于在法院里,我认为最好别吹牛,搞不好要进去的。远离这两个危险的场所,躲在人文学科的领域之内,享受自满自足的大快乐,在目前还是可以的;不过要有人养。在自然科学里就不行:这世界上每年都有人发明永动机,但谁也不能因此发财。顺便说一句,我那位傻大姐,现在已经五十岁了,还靠我那位不幸的阿姨养活着。

○1第二段表明了作者对传统文化的什么样的认识?(5分)

○2为什么有人能把其掌握的一点知识放大成“超级知识”?(5分)

○3本文的语言有什么特点?(4分)

五、作文(20分)。

26、请以“用”字为根据,自拟题目,写一篇不少于500字且不多于600字的文章。除诗歌外,其他文体不限。

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11826323=-?-?=--=h L p p n F 根据机构具有确定运动的条件,自由度数等于原动件数,故给凸轮为原动件。 2-3 题图2-3所示为一内燃机的机构简图,试计算其自由度,以AB 为原动件分析组成此机 构的基本杆组。又如在该机构中改选EF 为原动件,试问组成此机构的基本杆组是否与前有所不同,机构的级别怎样? 2-3答案:110273=?-?=F 。注意其中的C 、F 、D 、H点并不是复合铰链。 以AB 为原动件时: 此时,机构由三个Ⅱ级基本杆组与原动件、机架构成,机构的级别为二级。 以EF 为原动件时: 机构由1个Ⅱ级基本杆组,1个Ⅲ级基本杆组和机架组成。机构的级别为三级。显然,取不同构件为原动件,机构中所含的杆组发生了变化,此题中,机构的级别也发生了变化。 2-4 图示为一机构的初拟设计方案。试分析:

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2018年全国医学考博英语试题.d o c

2018MD 全国医学博士外语统一考试 英语试卷 答题须知 1.请考生首先将自己的姓名、所在考点、准考证号在试卷一答题纸和试卷二标 准答题卡上认真填写清楚,并按“考场指令”要求,将准考证号在标准答题卡上划好。 2.试卷一(Paper One)答案和试卷二(Paper Two)答案都作答在标准答题卡上,不 要做在试卷上。 3.试卷一答题时必须使用2B铅笔,将所选答案按要求在相应位置涂黑;如要更 正,先用橡皮擦干净。书面表达一定要用黑色签字笔或钢笔写在标准答题卡上指定区域。 4.标准答题卡不可折叠,同时答题卡须保持平整干净,以利评分。 5.听力考试只放一遍录音,每道题后有15秒左右的答题时间。 国家医学考试中心

PAPER ONE Part 1 :Listening comprehension(30%) Section A Directions:In this section you will hear fifteen short conversations between two speakers, At the end of each conversation, you will hear a question about what is said, The question will be read only once, After you hear the question, read the four possible answers marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best answers and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET. Listen to the following example You will hear Woman: I feel faint. Man: No wonder. You haven’t had a bite all day. Question: What’s the matter with the woman? You will read: A. She is sick. B. She was bitten by an ant. C. She is hungry. D. She spilled her paint. Here C is the right answer. Sample Answer A B C D Now let’s begin with question Number 1. 1. A. About 12 pints B. About 3 pints C. About 4 pints D. About 7 pints 2. A. Take a holiday from work. B. Worry less about work. C. Take some sleeping pills. D. Work harder to forget all her troubles. 3. A. He has no complaints about the doctor. B. He won’t complain anything. C. He is in good condition. D. He couldn’t be worse. 4. A. She is kidding. B. She will get a raise. C. The man will get a raise. D. The man will get a promotion. 5. A. Her daughter likes ball games. B. Her daughter is an exciting child. C. She and her daughter are good friends.

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