语言学期中测验
1. The study of language as a whole is often called ________ linguistics.
A. particular
B. general
C. ordinary
D. generative
2. Traditional grammar regards the ________ form of language as primary, not the spoken form.
A. oral
B. written
C. writing
D. vocal
3. Who put forward the distinction between Langue and Parole?
A．Saussure B．Chomsky C．Halliday D．Anonymous 4. According to F. de Saussure, ________ refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community.
A. parole
B. performance
C. langue
D. Language
5. Language is arbitrary in that there is no logical connection between meanings and ________.
A. words
B. sounds
C. objects
D. ideas
6. Which of the following isn’t the design features of human language?
A. arbitrariness
B. performance
C. duality
D. displacement
7. The core of linguistics excludes ________.
A. semantics
B. morphology
C. phonetics
D. psycholinguistics
8. Morphology refers to the ________ of words.
A. science
B. form
C. history
D. system
9. The smallest meaningful unit of language is ________.
A. morpheme
B. phone
C. phoneme
D. allomorpheme
10. The word “boyish” contains two ________.
A. phonemes
B. morphs
C. morphemes
D. allomorphs
11. ________ morphemes are those that cannot be used independently but have to be combined with other morphemes, either free or bound, to form a word.
A. Free
B. Bound
C. Root
D. Affix
12. Morphemes that represent “tense”, “number”, “gender”, “case” and so forth are called ________ morphemes.
A. inflectional
B. independent
C. free
D. derivational
13. ________ modify the meaning of the stem, but usually do not change the part of speech of the original word.
A. Prefixes
B. Suffixes
C. Roots
D. Affixes
14. In English “-ise” and “-tion” are called ________.
A. prefixes
B. suffixes
C. infixes
D. free morphemes
15. There are rules that govern which affix can be added to what type of ________ to form a new word.
A. root
B. affix
C. stem
D. word
16. The words such as “lab” and “doc” are ________.
A. formed by blending
B. acronyms
C. coined by back-formation
D. clipped words
17. Chinese, the most popular language of the world, belongs to the ________ family.
A. Indo-European
B. Sino-Tibetan
C. Austronesian
D. Afroasiatic
18. An important set of extensive sound changes affecting vowels, known as the Great V owel Shift, occurred at the end of the ________.
A. Old English period
B. Middle English period
C. Modern English period
D. Middle ages
19. The most widely-spread morphological changes in the historical development of English are the loss and addition of ________.
A. prefixes
B. suffixes
C. affixes
D. case markings
20. The most dramatic morphological loss concerns the loss of ________.
A. gender markings
B. case markings
C. tense markings
D. both A and B
21. The most vigorous and on-going change in the historical development of a language is the change in its ________.
A. sound
B. vocabulary
C. morphological system
D. syntax
22. The most obvious way in which Modern English differs lexically from Old English is in the number of borrowed words from other languages, particular from ________.
A. Latin
B. French
C. Greek
D. German
23. The word “Motel”comes from “motor+hotel”. This is an example of in morphology.
A.Backformation
B. conversion
C. blending
D. acronym
24. Which of the following features is NOT one of the design features of language?
A．Symbolic B．Dual C．Productive D．Arbitrary 25. What is the most important function of language?
A．Interpersonal B．Phatic C．Informative D．Metalingual
26. The description of a language at some point in time is a ________ study.
A. synchronic
B. diachronic
C. historical
D. comparative
27. According to Chomsky, which is the ideal user's internalized knowledge of his language?
A．competence B．parole C．performance D．langue
28. The function of the sentence "A nice day, isn't it?" is ．
A．informative B．phatic C．directive D．performative
29. Language is the tool of communication. The symbol “Highway Closed” on a highway serves .
A.an expressive function
B.an informative function
C.a performative function
D.a persuasive function
31. When a speaker expresses his intention of speaking, such as asking someone to open the window, he is performing
A.an illocutionary act
B. a perlocutionary act
C. a locutionary act
D. none of the above
32. The study of the mental process of language comprehension and production is
A.corpus linguistics
B. sociolinguistics
C.theoretical linguistics
D. psycholinguistics
33. Which is the smallest unit of language in terms of relationship between expression and content?
A．Word B．Morpheme C．Allomorph D．Root 34. Which studies the internal structure of words, and the rules by which words are formed?
A．Morphology B．Syntax C．Phonology D．Semantics
35. The phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form is called
A.hyponymy
B. synonymy
C. polysemy
D. homonymy
36. All words contain a ___________．
A．root morpheme B．bound morpheme C．prefix D．suffix 37. The relationship between "fruit" and "apple" is ___________．A．homonymy B．hyponymy C．polysemy D．synonymy 38. The part of the grammar that represents a speaker's knowledge of the structure of phrases and sentences is called___________．A．lexicon B．morphology C．syntax D．semantics 39. The pair of words "lend" and "borrow" are ___________．
A．gradable opposites B．converse opposites
C．co-hyponyms D．synonyms
40. "Big" and "Small" are a pair of___________ opposites．
A．complementary B．gradable C．complete D．converse
41. What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is the notion of
A.reference
B.meaning
C.antonymy
D.context
42. What type of sentence is “Mark likes fiction, but Tim is interested in poetry.”?
A.a simple sentence
B.a coordinate sentence
C.a complex sentence
D.none of the above
43. The word tail once referred to “the tail of a horse”, but now it is used to mean “the tail of any animal”. This is an example of
A.widening of meaning
B.narrowing of meaning
C.meaning of shift
D.loss of meaning
44. The words kid, child, offspring are examples of
A.dialectal synonyms
B.stylistic synonyms
C.emotive synonyms
D.collocational synonyms
45. In the following conversation:
- Beirut is in Peru, isn't it?
- And Rome is in Romania, I suppose．
The second person violates the ___________．
A．Quantity Maxim
B．Quality Maxim
C．Relation Maxim
D．Manner Maxim
46. The maxim of requires that a participant's contribution be relevant to the conversation．
A．quantity B．quality C．manner D．relation 47. Which of the following italicized parts is an inflectional morpheme?
A Un lock
B Govern ment
C Go es
D Off-stage
48. ____ is a language phenomenon in which words sound like what they refer to.
A Onomatopoeia
B Collocation
C Denotation
D Assimilation
49. The sentence “Close your book and listen to me carefully”performs a(n) _____ function.
A interrogative
B informative
C performative
D directive
50. The speech act theory was first put forward by
A.John Searle
B.John Austin
C.Noam Chomsky
D.M.A.K. Holliday
Divide the following words into their separate morphemes by placing a “+” between each morpheme and the next.
Example: microfilm: micro + film
manually
dictation
homosexual
perspective
biology
In what ways are the following expressions ambiguous? Explain them by two different tree diagrams and translate them into Chinese:
The parents of the bride and the groom were waiting.
He hit the boy with the steak.
Write down the ten ways of forming new words and illustrate them with examples.
语言学概论期末考试试卷2
语言学概论期末考试试卷2 一、填空题（每空1分，共15分） 1、人与人的口头交际过程是非常复杂的，从通信理论的角度可以将之理解为和的过程。 2、符号包含的两个方面是、。 3、到目前为止，语言学家的研究主要有三种不同的角度，分别是着眼于语言的、、。 4、共时语法指的是从某一时期存在的语法现象的角度地、 地研究语法，研究的重点是某一语言在特定范围的语法表现形式和语法规则系统。 5、义素分析的要求一是，二是。 6、文字改革有三种不同的情况：一种是；一种是；还有一种是。 二、单项选择题（每小题1分，共10分） 1、下列国家中不是以单一民族，单一语言为基础建立起来的是（） A．瑞士B．法国C．西班牙D．英格兰 2、语言是一种（） A．形式和内容相统一的视觉符号系统B．音义结合的听觉符号系统C．用于交际的触觉符号系统D．集视觉、听觉、触觉为一体的符号系统 3、普通语言学从理论上讲是研究（） A．个别民族语言的特殊规律B．人类各种语言一般与个别的规律 C．几种民族语言的一般与个别的规律D．汉语普通话的发展规律 4、噪音是（） A．振幅固定而有规则的声波B．频率最低、振幅最大的音 C．具有周期性重复的复合波形的音D．不具备整数倍的不规则的音 5、把语法分成词法、句法两个部分，是（）提出来的。 A．结构语法学B．形式语法学C．现代语法学D．传统语法学 6、语义的基本特征是（） A．概括性B．民族性C．模糊性D．同语言形式的结合 7、词的（）是词义的基本的和核心的部分 A．通俗意义B．非通俗意义C．理性意义D．非理性意义 8、“我吃光了盘子里的菜”这句话中，“光”的语义指向是（） A．我B．吃C．盘子里的菜D．盘子 9、日文的假名是典型的（） A．辅音文字B．音节文字C．表意文字D．意音文字 10、四川人在公开场合讲普通话，在家里讲四川话，这是一种（）
语言学概论期末考试范围
语言学概论期末复习 1. diachronic linguistics Linguistics that studies language over a period of time, also known as historical linguistics, study of the Chinese language since the end of the Qing dynasty up to the present. 2. arbitrariness Language is arbitrary for the forms of linguistic signs bear no natural resemblance to their meaning. The link between the linguistic signs and their meanings is a matter of convention, and conventions differ radically across languages. 3. langue According to Saussure, langue refers to the abstract linguistic systems shared by all the members of a speech community. It can be thought of as the generalized rules of the language that members of a speech community seem to abide by. 4. competence Chomsky defines competence as the abstract ideal user's knowledge of the rules of his language. According to him, anyone who knows a language has internalized a set of rules about the sequences permitted in his language. This internalized set of rules is termed as a person's competence. 5. morpheme The most basic element of meaning is traditionally called morpheme. The “morpheme' is the smallest unit in terms of relationship between expression and content, a unit which can not be divided without destroying or drastically altering the meaning. 6. Morphology Morphology studies morphemes and their different forms and the way they combine in word formation. So it refers to the study of the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed 7. Semantic triangle According to Ogden and Richard's semantic triangle, there is no direct link between language and the world, or between the symbol ( the linguistic elements, the word, the sentence) and referent ( the object in the world of experience). The link is via thought or reference, the concepts of our minds. 8. Lingua franca Lingua franca is the general term for a language that serves as a means of communication between different groups of speakers. 9. componential analysis Componential analysis is a way to analyze lexical meaning, and it defines the meaning of a lexical element in terms of semantic components. 10. Cooperative Principle Cooperative Principle (CP) was proposed by Paul Grice, under which there are four maxims: the maxim of quantity, the maxim of quality, the maxim of relation and the
语言学考试试题
Model 1 I. Define the following terms, giving examples for illustration if it is necessary. 1. macrolinguistics::_______________________ 2. compound:_____________________________ 3. Reference: _____________________________ 4. Idiolect:________________________________ 5. Minimal pair:___________________________ 6. Competence:___________________________ 7. Diglossia: _____________________________ 8. Sound assimilation:______________________ 9. Arbitrariness:___________________________ 10. Semantic shift:_________________________ II. Indicate the following statements true or false. 1. Language use is both systematic and non-systematic, subject to external as well as to internal variation. 2. Corpus is a collection of texts input into a computer. Language corpora make it possible for material developers to select authentic, natural and typical language. 3. Mistakes often occur when learners fail to perform their competence. 4. Root is understood in terms of meanings while syem is understood with emphasis on affix. Sometimes a linguistic element is both a root and stem. 5. All instances of NP--movement are related to changing a sentence from the active voice to the passive voice. 6. Word lays in the central position in language comprehension because of its extremely important role in transmitting the meaning.
语言学期末考试
1. The study of language development over a period of time is generally termed as _____linguistics. D A. applied B. diachronic C. comparative D. synchronic 2. The sentence that has a NP and a VP can be shown in a __C__ formula "S→NP VP". A. hierarchical B. linear C. tree diagram D. vertical 3. Which of the following sounds is a voiceless bilabial stop? A A. [p] B.[m] C.[b] D.[t] 4. The words ―make‖ and ―bus‖ are called _____D____because they can occur unattached. A. derivational morphemes B .inflectional morphemes C. bound morphemes D. free morphemes 5. The pair of words ―lend‖ and ―borrow‖ are____B______. A. gradable antonymy B. relational (converse) antonymy C. synonyms D. co-hyponyms 6. The semantic components of the word ―man‖ can be expressed as ____C___. A.＋animate,＋human,＋male,－adult; B.＋animate,＋human,－male,－adult; C.＋animate,＋human,＋male,＋adult D.—animate,＋human,－male,－adult 7. What kind of function does the sentence ―How do you do?‖ have? B A. Directive B. Phatic C. Informative D. Evocative 8. Nouns, verbs and adjectives can be classified as_______A____. A. lexical words B. grammatical words C. function words D. form words 9. Which of the following best states the behaviorist view of child language acquisition?______A_. A. Language acquisition is a process of habit formation B. Language acquisition is the species-specific property of human beings C. Children are born with an innate ability to acquire language D. Humans are equipped with the neural prerequisites for language and language use 10. The branch of linguistics that studies meaning of language in context is called __C? A. morphology B. sociolinguistics C. pragmatics D. psycholinguistics 11、Chomsky defines "competence" as the ideal user's knowledge of the rules of his language.
2016-英语语言学期末试题练习-+答案
英语语言学练习题 Ⅰ. Matching Match each of the following terms in Column A with one of the appropriate definitions in Column B. Column A 1.displacement https://www.wendangku.net/doc/778036419.html,ngue 3.suprasegmental feature 4.deep structure 5.predication analysis 6.idiolect 7.pidgin 8.mistakes 9.interlanguage 10.motivation 11.arbitrariness https://www.wendangku.net/doc/778036419.html,petence 13.broad transcription 14.morphology 15.category 16.errors https://www.wendangku.net/doc/778036419.html,ponential analysis 18.context 19.blending 20.culture 21.learning strategies 22.selectional restrictions 23.phrase structure rules 24.culture diffusion Column B A.Learners’ independent system of the second language, which is of neither the native language nor the second language, but a continuum or approximation from his native language to the target language. 9 B.Learner’s attitudes and affective state or learning drive, having a strong impact on his efforts n learning a second language. 21 C.The rules that specify the constituents of syntactic categories. 23 D.Through communication, some elements of culture A enter culture B and become part of culture B. 24 E. A personal dialect of an individual speaker that combines elements regarding regional, social, gender, and age variations. 6 F. A special language variety that mixes or blends languages and it is used by people who speak different languages for restricted purposes such as trading. 7 G.The kind of analysis which involves the breaking down of predications into their constituents- ---- arguments and predicates. 5 H.They refer to constraints on what lexical items can go with what others. 22 I.The structure formed by the XP rule in accordance with the head’s subcategorization properties. 4 J.The phonemic features that occur above the level of the segments. 3 K.The study of the internal structure of words, and the rules that govern the rule of word formation. 14 L.The abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community. 2 https://www.wendangku.net/doc/778036419.html,nguage can be used to refer to contexts removed from the immediate situations of the speaker. It is one of the distinctive features of human language. 1 N.Learner’s conscious, goal-oriented and problem-solving based efforts to achieve learning efficiency. 10 O.The total way of life of a people, including the patterns of belief, customs, objects, institutions, techniques, and language that characterizes the life of the human community. 20 P.The common knowledge shared by both the speaker and hearer. 18
《语言学概论》期末试卷-语言学概论期末考试
《语言学概论》期末试卷 1.( 单选题 ) 下列关于“语言”的说法 ,不正确的一项是 (D )(本题 2.0 分) A、语言系统是由多个子系统组合而成的 B、语言是一个符号系统 C、语言符号具有任意性和线条性特征 D、 语言符号的音义关系可以任意改变 2.( 单选题 ) 下列元音音素都是后元音的一组是 ( B)(本题 2.0 分) A、[u, ε] B、[α, Λ] C、[α,y] D、[o, a] 3.( 单选题 ) 下列辅音音素都是塞音的一组是 ( B)(本题 2.0 分) A、[k, 1] B、[p, k] C、[p, n] D、[t, v] 4.( 单选题 ) 从语音的社会功能角度划分出来的最小语音单位是
( A)(本题 2.0 分) A、音位 B、音素 C、音节 D、音渡 5.( 单选题 ) 汉语普通话中的“我”和助词“的”单念时发音分别为[uo]和[te],而在实际语流中 ,“我的”发音是 [uo de],这是语流音变中的( A)(本题 2.0 分) A、顺同化现象 B、逆同化现象 C、弱化现象 D、异化现象 6.( 单选题 ) 语音的本质属性是 (C )(本题 2.0 分) A、物理属性 B、生理属性 C、社会属性 D、心理属性 7. ( 单选题) 英语“ students”中的“ -s”是 ( C)(本题 2.0 分)
A、虚词语素 B、词根语素 C、构形语素 D、构词语素 8. ( 单选题) 从词的构造方式看, 下列各项中属于复合词的是( D)(本题 2.0 分) A、木头 B、念头 C、苦头 D、山头 9.( 单选题 ) 划分词类的最本质的标准是 (A )(本题 2.0 分) A、分布标准 B、意义标准 C、形态标准 D、逻辑标准 10.( 单选题 ) 下面词组中 ,结构类型与其他各组不同的一组是( D)(本题 2.0 分) A、年轻漂亮/朴素大方 B、我们大家/首都北京
语言学参考书籍总汇汇总
语言学参考书籍总汇 总结了包括语言学、语用学、翻译、跨文化交际、二语习得、测试、教学法等方向的参考书籍 社会心理语言学上海外教王德春2000 对比语言学概论上海外教许余龙2000 语义学上海外教李瑞华2000 语义理论与语言教学上海外教王寅2001 国俗语义研究上海外教吴友富1999 当代西方语法理论上海外教俞如珍2000 英汉修辞比较研究上海外教胡曙中1999 美国新修辞学研究上海外教胡曙中1999 英汉语言文化对比研究上海外教李瑞华2000 英汉对比研究论文集上海外教李自俭1999 现代修辞学上海外教王德春2001 辞格与词汇上海外教李国南2001 中国英汉翻译教材研究(1949-1998) 上海外教张美芳2001 语篇分析的理论与实践上海外教黄国文2001 系统功能语言学多维思考上海外教朱永生2001
现代语言学丛书上海外教 新编心理语言学上海外教桂诗春2000 心理语言学上海外教桂诗春2000 语言问题探索上海外教王宗炎2000 生成语法理论上海外教徐烈炯2000 美国语言学简史上海外教赵世开1999 汉语的语义结构和补语形式上海外教缪锦安2000 应用语言学上海外教刘涌泉2000 语篇的衔接与连贯上海外教胡壮麟2000 神经语言学上海外教王德春2000 自然语言的计算机处理上海外教冯志伟1996 现代语言学的特点和发展趋势上海外教戚雨村2000 语言学和语言的应用上海外教王宗炎2000 语言系统及其运作上海外教程雨民1998 模糊语言学上海外教伍铁平2000 汉英对比语法论集上海外教赵世开2000 语言共性论上海外教程工2000 语义学教程上海外教李福印2000 教学篇章语言学上海外教刘辰诞2000 英语语言学纲要上海外教丁言仁2001 交际法英语教学和考试评估上海外教徐强2000 英汉语篇衔接手段对比研究上海外教朱永生2001
语言学概论期末考试题
语言学概论 一、单项选择题（每小题2分，共20分} 1．下列说法只有是正确的。 A．语言是人类最重要的辅助性交际工具。 B．语言就是说话，说话就是语言。 C．语言是一种特殊的社会现象。 D．语言具有地方色彩，说明语言不具有社会性。 2．下列说法只有是错误的。 A．汉语的声调是由音高变化形成的。 B．语言中的轻重音是由音重变化形成的。 C．音位具有区别词形的作用。 I)．音素具有区别词形的作用。 3．下列说法只有是正确的。 A．“老”可以同“新、旧、少、嫩”等构成反义词。 B．“大”和“小”是绝对对立的反义词。 C．“红”与“黑”这对反义词具有非此即彼的关系。 D．反义词“冷”和“热”具有相对性。 4．下列说法只有____正确。 A．意译词如“激光”、“电话”都是借词。 B．仿译词如“机关枪”、“铁路”都是借词。 C．“尼姑”、“和尚”、“玻璃”是借词。 D．“爱神”、“北极熊”、“超人”都是借词。 5．下列词义的变化，属于词义的缩小。 A．“meat”原指菜肴，现在指荤菜。 B．“走”本义是跑，现在指步行。 C．“江”原指长江，今泛指江河。 D．“book”原指一种树木，今指成本的著作。 1．C 2．D 3．D 4．C 5．A 3．下列说法只有( )是正确的。 A.语言是人类最重要的交际工具，文字也是人类最重要的交际工具 B．不同的阶级使用语言具有不同的特点，说明语言具有阶级性 C．人类多种多样的语言说明语言具有任意性特点 D．语言是一种纯自然的现象 4.下列说法只有( )是正确的。 A.语法的组合规则是潜在的 B．语法的聚合规则是潜在的 C．语法的组合规则存在于书面语言中 I)．语法的聚合规则存在”ji【j头沿吉中 5．单纯阋就是由一个( )构成的词。 A．词根 B．词干 【！．词缀
[资料]-英语语言学期末考试试卷及答案
英语语言学期末考试试卷 第一部分选择题 I.Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets. (2%X10=20%) 1. Saussure’s distinction and Chomsky’s are very similar, but they differ in that ____________. A. Saussure took a sociological view of language while Chomsky took a psychological point of view B. Saussure took a psychological view of language while Chomsky took a sociological point of view C. Saussure took a pragmatic view of language while Chomsky took a semantic point of view D. Saussure took a structural view of language while Chomsky took a pragmatic point of view 2. Language is a system of ____________ vocal symbols used for human communication. A. unnatural B. artificial C. superficial D. arbitrary 3. We are born with the ability to acquire language, _______________. A. and the details of any language system are genetically transmitted B. therefore, we needn’t learn the details of our mother tongue C. but the details of language have to be learnt.
语言学考试重点全
语言学重点 Semantics 1. Sense relation between sentences(简答、语料分析) A.X is synonymous with Y X: He was a bachelor all his life. Y: He never married all his life. B.X is inconsistent with Y X: John is married Y: John is a bachelor C.X entails Y X: A boy had broken the window Y: A child had broken the window. D.X presuppose Y X: John’s bike needs repairing Y: John has a bike E.X is a contradiction X: John is neither alive nor dead F.X is semantically anomalous X: The table has had intentions Y: The golf kicked him. 2. Sentence Meaning: Katz’s Semantic Theory(essay question) I. Structure of the theory and its aims {Grammatical classification} dictionary (semantic markers) Katz’s theory semant ic information Projection rules [distinguishers] Universally applicable metalanguage ⅡKatz’s dictionary --2 types of semantic information --(semantic markers)语义标记: which are the links binding the vocabulary together and are responsible for the lexical relations; --[distinguisher] 辨义成分: the word-specific semantic information that identifies the lexical items. Ⅲprojection rules --projection rules: to give rules showing how the meanings of lexical items build up into the meaning of phrases and phrases up to sentences. amalgamation process （合并） --PR use trees to structure the amalgamation of word meaning into phrase meaning and phrase meaning into sentence meaning. selection restrictions --AS the PR successively amalgamate readings, the selection restrictions will limit the final output. 3. Referential theory (简答) ①Linguistic symbols stand for things, the linguistic symbol(word) and the things they refer to are not related directly, the linguistic symbol and the things it stand for are arbitrary. Different linguistic symbols are used in different languages to refer to the same thing. For example, they are related via concept. For the speaker and listener to reach mutual understanding, they have to have the same concept of the target things. ②There is a direct relation between linguistic symbol and the concept because
《语言学概论》期末B卷 答案解析
丽水学院 —学年第一学期期终考试试卷答案（B卷）课程语言学概论使用班级 班级：学号：姓名： 一、填空题（本大题共14空格，每空格1分，共14分） 1．在中国，早期的语言研究主要是围绕着汉字的字义、字音、字形进行的，产生了训诂学、音韵学、文字学三个分支，统称为“小学”。 2．被尊称为“19世纪的亚里土多德”的德国哲学家和数学家弗雷格于1892年提出预设的概念，他的理论被公认为人工智能的理论基础。 3．每个元音的音质是由舌位前后、舌位高低、圆唇与否3个方面的因素决定的。 4.语言的变异可以分为地域变异、社会变异和功能变异等3类。 5．言语行为理论的创始人是英国道德哲学家奥斯汀，他认为，语句有命题意义和施为意义两层意义。 二、判断是非题：对的写“√”，错的写“×”（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分） （√）1．语言是一种符号系统。 （√）2．肺是人类发音的动力站，声带是发音体。 （×）3．元音发音时，声带不一定振动，辅音发音时，声带一定要振动。（√）4．超音质音位又叫“超音段音位”或“非音质音位”。 （×）5．在现代汉语普通话中，[b]和[p]是两个音位。 （√）6．福建“沙县县”简称为“沙县”体现了语言的经济机制。
（×）7．词序和虚词是俄语最重要的语法手段。 （√）8．语法手段中的“零形式”也表示语法意义。 （√）9．就其实质而言，语法规则表现的就是组合关系或聚合关系。（×）10．湖南江永的“女书”体现了语言的性别变异。 三、选择题（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分） （②）1．语言符号的符号是： ①声音②文字③它所代表的事物④发音器官（④）2．我国青海五屯话是一种： ①皮钦语②洋泾浜③新美拉尼西亚语④克里奥尔语（③）3．合作原则理论的最早提出者是： ①奥斯汀②利奇③格赖斯④莫里斯（④）4．英语的man→men采用的语法手段是： ①异根式②重音③词缀④内部屈折（③）5．关于元音和辅音的区别，正确的描述是： ①元音发音时间短暂，辅音发音时间较长。 ②辅音发音响亮，元音发音不响亮。 ③发辅音气流受阻，发元音气流不受阻。 ④发元音和辅音发音器官的各个部位均衡紧张。 （④）6．俄语、汉语、日语3种语言所属的语法结构类型按次序是：①粘着语-屈折语-孤立语②屈折语-粘着语-孤立语 ③孤立语-屈折语-粘着语④屈折语-孤立语-粘着语（③）7．与“春光明媚”结构相同的组合是： ①阳光的温暖②马上开始
语言学考试要点考试重点整理
Chapter 1 Introduction 1.What is linguistics Linguistics is generally defined as the scientific study of language. The scope of linguistics: 2. syntax 句法学；音位学；morphology 形态学；(1 ). phonetics 语音学；phonology pragmatics 语用学心理语言学；社会语言学；(2). sociolinguistics psycholinguistics 应用语言学applied linguisticsSome important distinction in linguistics 3. 描述性与规定性(1)Descriptive vs. prescriptive If a linguistics study aims to describe and analyze the language people actually use, ①it is said to be descriptive; behavior ””correct and standard②If the linguistics study aims to lay down rules forin using language, . to tell people what they should say and what they should not say, it is said to be prescriptive. 共时性与历时性(2)Synchronic vs. diachronic the not necessarily, fixed instant (usually, but ①A synchronic description takes a present) as its point of observation. Most grammars are of this kind. Diachronic linguistics is the study of a language through the course of its history. ②语言与会话(2) Langue & parole a members of shared system by all the the ①Language refers to abstract linguistic speech community. Parole refers to the realization of language in actual use.②语言能力与语言运用(4)Competence and performance his is called rules system about unconscious language ①A user's knowledge the of linguistic competence. Performance refers to the actual use of language in concrete situations. ②． (5)speech and writing 语言与文字 Speech and writing are the two major media of communication. (6)traditional grammar and modern linguistic 传统语法与现代语言学 4.Definition of language: Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication. Language is a system, ., elements of language are combined according to rules. Language is arbitrary in the sense that there is no intrinsic connection between a linguistics symbol and what the symbol stands. Language is vocal because the primary medium for all languages is sound. The term “human”in the definition is meant to specify that language is human-specific. 5.Design features of language 6.(1) Arbitrariness 任意性refers to the forms of linguistic signs bear no natural relationship to their meaning. (sounds and meanings)
《语言学概论》期末试卷
语言学概论》期末试卷 1. (单选题） 下 列关于“语言”的说法,不正确的一项是（D ）（本题2.0 分） A 、语言系统是由多个子系统组合而成的B 、 语言是一个符号系统 C 、 语言符号具有任意性和线条性特征D 、 语言符号的音义关系可以任意改变 2. (单选题） 下 卜列兀音音素都是后兀音的一组是（B）本题2.0分） A 、[u, ￡] B 、 [a , A ] C 、 [a ,y] D 、[o, a] 3. (单选题） 下 F列辅音音素都是塞音的一组是（B）（本题2.0分） A 、[k, 1] B 、[p, k] C 、[p, n] D 、[t, v] 4. （单选题）从语音的社会功能角度划分出来的最小语音单位是
(A)(本题2.0分) A 、音位 B 、 曰素 C 、 音节 D 、 音渡 5.(单选题）汉语普通话中的“我”和助词“的”单念时发音分别 为［uo］和［te］,而在实际语流中，“我的”发音是［uo de］,这是语流音变中的（A）本题2.0分） A 、顺同化现象 B 、 逆同化现象 C 、 弱化现象 D 、 异化现象 6.(单选题）语音的本质属性是（C ）本题2.0分） A 、物理属性 B 、 生理属性 C 、 社会属性 D 、 心理属性 7.（单选题）英语“students”中的“-s”是（C）本题2.0分）
A 、虚词语素 B 、 词根语素 C 、 构形语素 D 、 构词语素 8.(单选题）从词的构造方式看，下列各项中属于复合词的是（D）本题2.0分） A 、木头 B 、 念头 C 、 苦头 D 、 山头 9.(单选题）划分词类的最本质的标准是（A ）（本题2.0分） A 、分布标准 B 、 意义标准 C 、 形态标准 D 、 逻辑标准 10.（单选题）下面词组中，结构类型与其他各组不冋的一组是（D）本题2.0分） A 、年轻漂亮/朴素大方 B 、我们大家/首都北京 C、铁路民航/工人农民 D、贯彻执行/讨论研究