高一英语阅读理解专项练习4

Week Fifteen 自然环境

一、阅读理解（共20小题；共40.0分）

A

Despite recent storms during the autumn and first part of the winter, drought conditions are forecast to continue over a large part of the Plains.

Rainfall has been enough over the Ohio and lower Mississippi basins. However, unless there is a big turn later this winter and spring, more important problems could be ahead for the Mississippi River above the Ohio River connection.

While a storm is forecast to swing northeastward over the Central states, much of the rain may fall south and east of St. Louis. Mississippi River levels are expected to dip again next week at St. Louis.

Engineers has been taking steps to keep the shipping channel open by digging the river bottom, removing rocks and placing barriers under the water to rce shifting soil. The rest is up to Mother Nature. Barge companies have been limiting their loads due to the low water levels.

Snow fell over part of the winter wheat belt with the storm just after Christmas 2018. However, much more moisture is needed through the winter and into the spring.

According to Dale Mohler, "One of the big problems the Central states had last spring was a lack of thunderstorms". These groups of thunderstorms are the major source for spring rainfall and runoff over the Plains and Midwest, following melting snow early.

"There are concerns for drought continuing over the central High Plains and the northern Plains in general going into the spring," Pastelok stated that the pattern does not look to be as dry of a start this spring, when compared to last year from Iowa to the Ohio Valley and some moisture is likely to make appearances over the southern Plains.

There is also some good news for the Southeast. "Signs are that the drought—abnormally dry areas over Georgia and the Carolinas will shrink moving through the winter and should be mostly gone by the spring," Pastelok said.

1. Which place is still facing the serious drought?

A. The central High Plains.

B. Lower Mississippi basins.

C. Over the Ohio River.

D. Areas over Georgia.

2. By saying "the rest is up to mother nature", the writer means .

A. the rest is to deal with nature

B. the rest is at the mercy of nature

C. the rest will be in control of nature

D. the rest are busy conquering nature

3. What role do the thunderstorms play in the central states?

A. They will flood these states in summer.

B. They will cause snow to melt early in spring.

C. They will bring a lot of rainfall there.

D. They will get these states to become dry.

4. Patelok's attitude to the drought in the Southeast was .

A. doubtful

B. disappointed

C. concerned

D. optimistic

5. What might be the most suitable title for the passage?

A. Drought Continues in Spite of Recent Storms in America

B. America Suffered the Most serious Drought in History

C. Many Southern States in America Are Facing Drought

D. More Storms will Solve the Drought Problem in America

B

The bad reputation icebergs sometimes have isn't entirely deserved—even if the scientists who study these floating islands of ice are the first to admit just how risky they can be. These same experts are learning more about how helpful icebergs can be for life too.

Icebergs, scientists are discovering, play host to all kinds of life—everything from tiny organisms called phytoplankton to huge whales.

Finding how and why animals choose to make their homes in and around icebergs hasn't proven an easy task for scientists. Icebergs rise to towering heights and even more terrible depths. To study them underwater, scientists may sink scientific instruments hundreds of meters to the chilly seafloor. To understand what's going on dozens of meters up on top, these experts may depend on remote-controlled aircraft. Meanwhile, waves may rock and wet scientists waving in nearby boats.

The biologists Ken Smith and Ron Kaufmann have sailed through the waters that surround Antarctica to get up close with icebergs. No matter how curious the researchers may be, they do most of their admiring from afar.

"When an iceberg breaks off from an ice sheet, the last place you want to be is anywhere near it," says Kaufmann. "A lot of icebergs are cracked, and huge sheets can come off at any time," adds Smith. "They can drop a huge piece of ice into the water, and the problem is that it creates a huge wave, which could flood your ship."

The planet is warming. As a result, the ice is melting. More melting means more icebergs calve from the edges of the ice sheets where they meet the ocean. Melting icebergs don't just let go huge quantities of freshwater into the ocean—they also deliver a lot of the fertilizer that phytoplankton need.

Importantly, tiny phytoplankton provide much more than dinner. They also consume carbon dioxide—about as much as do all the plants on land.

So more global warming could mean more icebergs. And more icebergs could mean more phytoplankton. In turn, more phytoplankton may lead to less carbon dioxide in Earth's air and water.

Will iceberg communities help slow the rate at which global temperatures are rising? It's still unclear.

6. The third paragraph is mainly about .

A. the difficulty of studying icebergs

B. the method of studying icebergs

C. the benefits of studying icebergs

D. the scientific equipment of studying icebergs

7. From what Kaufmann said, we can infer that .

A. the nearer to the icebergs, the safer it is

B. it is very dangerous to get close to icebergs

C. icebergs are the last place people never land on

D. an ice sheet can form into many icebergs

8. The underlined word "calve" may mean .

A. cut off

B. fall off

C. break off

D. put off

9. What is the final result of more icebergs?

A. They may increase the amount of carbon dioxide.

B. They become shelter for phytoplankton.

C. They provide food for various organisms.

D. They may slow the speed of global warming.

10. The passage mainly tells us that .

A. icebergs host large and lively communities of life

B. icebergs are a threat to the safety of sailing

C. icebergs are floating across oceans slowly

D. icebergs are home to many sea animals

C

Visit the beach on a hot afternoon and you may not realize it, but someone—or rather something—is watching from above. If you stand in the right place, the silent watcher's unseen spotlight will pass right over you, like the spotlight of a police airplane flying overhead.

Scientists these days are worried about sea level. As Earth warms, the surface of the ocean is rising upward. This rise is happening partly because salt water increases a tiny bit as it warms. "Warmer water exactly is taller," explains Josh Willis.

Sea level also is rising because warm temperatures have prompted glaciers in Antarctica, Greenland and other usually cold places to melt more quickly. Glaciers are essentially rivers of ice, and their melting adds freshwater to the ocean. Antarctica and Greenland are together losing about 350 cubic kilometers of ice per year—enough melt-water to fill up 80,000 baseball stadiums. Spread over the world's oceans, that melt-water alone raises sea level about 1 millimeter or so each year.

Scientists have long known that sea level changes over time. Paul Hearty, a geologist, has found stones covered in shells some 30 meters above sea level. Those high and dry barnacles are several million years old. They serve as evidence that sea level was once much higher.

Sea level has risen and fallen with the ice ages, over hundreds of thousands of years. During past ice ages, oceans were lower because more water was tied up in glaciers on land. But between ice ages, sea level sometimes rose higher than it is today, as melting glaciers sweated their water into the ocean.

The big challenge for scientists has been how to measure changes to sea level throughout the past 50 to 100 years. Bruce Douglas, a retired scientist spent years working on this. During the

1980s and 1990s he measured sea level rise by studying records from tide gauges. Harbor operators have relied on these devices for more than 200 years to watch the water level in coastal areas in order to warn ships of running aground. But the gauges measured the level of the world's oceans, which cover 360 million square kilometers, in only 20 or 30 places!

11. The second paragraph implies that .

A. water level is lower if it is frozen

B. salt water is easier to become warm

C. the surface of the ocean is rcing

D. the ocean is becoming smaller in size

12. From the third paragraph we know that .

A. Antarctica has the largest amount of ice in the world

B. the melting of glaciers causes sea-level to rise

C. ice from Greenland raises sea level about 1 millimeter

D. 80,000 baseball stadiums are flooded by sea water

13. During the ice ages oceans were lower because .

A. more water was frozen into ice in the sea

B. glaciers provided more water into the ocean

C. more water was left on land as ice

D. water couldn't flow easily in cold weather

14. Why did harbor operator record tide gauges?

A. To learn more about the changes of tides.

B. To prevent the coastal areas being flooded.

C. To measure the level of the world's oceans.

D. To warn ships not to run aground.

15. What might be the most suitable title for the passage?

A. Watching Our Sea Level Rise

B. Measuring the Ocean Level

C. Changing the Sea Level

D. Studying the World Seas D

The United States Environmental Protection Agency says only seven percent of plastic waste in the United States is recycled each year. A new company in northern New York says it can increase that percentage. It also says it can help the United States rce the amount of oil it imports.

The company has a machine it calls the "plastic-eating monster". Every hour, thousands of kilograms of milk jugs, water bottles, and grocery bags are fed into the machine. The plastic waste comes from landfills across the United States. John Bordnyniuk runs the company, called JBI. "Basically they've been mining their own piles for us and sending them here."

Eight percent of the recycled plastic is used to run the system. Independent testers say eighty-six percent of what goes in comes out as fuel.

Bob Molodynia helps run the company. He watches as the plastic-eating machine pours a thin, brown liquid into an oil barrel.

"You could tap this right now and this is ready to go. That's a number six fuel, that's what a lot of like US Steel uses, a lot of major companies, that's what they pay the big bucks for, right there."

JBI produces several thousand liters of fuel a day. It creates different grades of fuel for different industries. It sells the fuel for up to one hundred dollars a barrel. Each barrel costs about ten dollars to produce.

John Bordyniuk believes plastics will become an important source of fuel for the United States. He says this will rce the country's dependence on foreign oil and rce the amount of plastic waste in its landfills.

Scientists say plastic-to-oil technology is still new and developing. They say it is not yet known if the process is environmentally friendly. And some questions whether turning plastic into oil can even be considered "recycling".

Carson Maxted is with the publication Resource Recycling, a magazine that reports on the plastic recycling industry. He says because there is a lot of plastic waste and a great demand for oil, JBI's recycling technology may create great changes in both industries.

"So they're getting value from something that would otherwise go to the landfill, things that wouldn't be accepted into a recycler."

16. How did John's JBI get plastic waste?

A. It was posted to the company by people.

B. John sent his workers to collect it.

C. The company minded landfills itself.

D. It was sent by landfills themselves.

17. According to the passage, plastic-to-oil technology is .

A. effective

B. wasteful

C. simple

D. environmentally friendly

18. From what Bob said, we can infer that the JBI's oil is .

A. very expensive

B. of high quality

C. too thin to use

D. black in color

19. The attitude of Carson towards John's technology is .

A. doubtful

B. negative

C. supportive

D. unconcerned

20. What would be the best title for the passage may be .

A. Can Oil Be used to Rce the Amount of Plastic Waste?

B. Can You Make A Lot of Money from Waste Plastic?

C. Can Oil be Made from Waste Plastic?

D. Can Waste Plastic Rce Our Need for Oil?

二、完形填空（共20小题；共30.0分）

New Australian research shows coral reefs aren't seriously damaged by ocean acidification(酸化) than first thought. Scientists have been concerned that coral is

21 when carbon levels in the atmosphere rise, along with the acidity(酸性) of the

22 . But a study on the Great Barrier Reef suggests otherwise.

Among the threat to 23 from the effects of climate change, pollution and overfishing, Australian researchers have found some unusual 24 news.

A team has been 25 coralline algae (珊瑚藻), which are plants that

26 like a paste strongly to 27 coral. A new study has found that dolomite (白云石), a mineral, helps to 28 reefs from rising ocean acidity, which is caused by the 29 of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.

Lead author Merinda Nash says it is an important 30 . "There was a lot of concern that the coralline algae, which plays a key role in 31 the reef and binding corals together, that this would be the first thing to 32 as CO2 went up and that would 33 the reef structure," she said. "So we found that this

presence of dolomite actually 34 the dissolution(溶解) rate a lot to about one tenth the rate of the algae 35 the dolomite, so that's quite good news."

Many scientists believe that 36 from the burning of fossil fuels are making the oceans more acidic.

Coral reefs are a 37 for hundreds of fish, sea stars, crabs and marine worms, 38 a wonderful group of other animals and shellfish.

Reefs across the Asia-Pacific are widely considered to be at risk from a variety of

39 . Conservationists say Australia's Great Barrier Reef is 40 from industrial development, including digging to build big coal ports in the state of Queensland and from the run-off of pesticides from farms.

21. A. solid B. strong C. weak D. soft

22. A. air B. coral C. soil D. ocean

23. A. reefs B. fishes C. plants D. beaches

24. A. local B. serious C. terrible D. good

25. A. bringing up B. looking into C. cutting away D. taking out

26. A. sound B. look C. act D. feel

27. A. combine B. attract C. support D. mix

28. A. hold B. separate C. protect D. escape

29. A. pressure B. absorption C. weight D. movement

30. A. imagination B. condition C. experiment D.

discovery

31. A. building B. destroying C. damaging D. collecting

32. A. happen B. increase C. disappear D. change

33. A. form B. affect C. make D. break

34. A. rced B. improved C. balanced D. raised

35. A. for B. in C. of D. without

36. A. pollution B. carbon C. waste D. smell

37. A. source B. cave C. stage D. habitat

38. A. as well as B. instead of C. except for D. ahead of

39. A. animals B. tourists C. threats D. countries

40. A. at risk B. in place C. for fun D. under safety

答案

一、阅读理解

1. A

2. B

3. C

4. D

5. A

6. A

7. B

8. C

9. D 10. A 11. A 12. B 13. C 14. D 15. A

16. D 17. A 18. B 19. C 20. D

二、完形填空

21. C 22. D 23. A 24. D 25. B 26. C 27. A 28. C 29. B 30. D 31. A 32. C 33. B 34. A 35. D 36. B 37. D 38. A 39. C 40. A

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