译林牛津高二模块五Unit3 词汇和语法(下)学案

词汇和语法

词汇1.challenging adj. 富有挑战性的

【教材原句】It is a challenging profession. 这是一份富有挑战性的职业。

【例句研读】翻译下列句中划线部分

1. Teaching young children is a challenging and rewarding job. ____________________

2. He challenged me to play another tennis game. ____________________

3. The company is ready to meet the challenges of the next few years. ___________________

1. 一项既有挑战性，又有意义的工作；

2.挑战我；

3.迎接挑战

【拓展】

challenge vt. 意为__________ 挑战n. ______________ 挑战，（比赛等的）提议

【搭配】

raise to/ meet a challenge _____________________ 迎接挑战

a challenge to s

b _____________________ 对某人来说是一个挑战

face/ accept a challenge _______________________ 面对/ 接受挑战

词汇2.figure out 计算出，弄懂，弄明白

【教材原句】He is always working in his lab, trying to figure out all the mysteries that make him puzzled. 他一直都在实验室里工作，努力弄明白所有那些让他迷惑的奥秘。

【例句研读】翻译下列句中划线部分

1. They can’t figure out how much money will be needed to push ahead with the project. _______

2. I can’t figure out how he succeeded in finishing his work in such a short time. _____________

1.计算出；

2. 琢磨不出

【链接】

figure sb to be _______________ 料想某人是figure in ______________把...考虑在内figure on ________________ 预料到，计划be good at figures _____________ 擅长计算have / keep a good figure ________________有/ 保持好身材

词汇3. burn out 耗尽，筋疲力尽；烧坏，烧掉，烧尽

【教材原句】I’m totally burnt out. 我完全累垮了。

【例句研读】翻译下列句中划线部分

1.If he works so hard regardless of his health, he will be in danger of burning himself out. _____

2.The hotel was completely burnt out. _____________________

1.把他自己累垮；

2.烧毁了

【链接】

burn up ____________被烧毁，被烧掉（通常指烧掉除建筑物以外的东西）

burn away _____________烧掉，烧光burn down _______________烧毁burn...to the ground ________________把..烧为平地burn with anger ___________怒火中烧burn off _______________ 烧掉，消耗掉

burn one’s bridge/ boats _________________破釜沉舟

词汇4. relation n. [U] (人或事物之间的)联系，关联，关系；[C] (人、团体，国家之间的)关系，联系

【教材原句】Public Relations Manager 公关部经理

【例句研读】翻译下列句中划线部分

1.The cost of this project bears no relation to the results. _______________________

2.Relations between the two countries have improved recently. ___________________

1.此项目的费用与其成果不相称；

2.两国之间的关系

【拓展】

in relation to (= about ) ___________________ 相对某事物而言，关于某事物

E.g. This month’s production of that factory has decreased in relation to last month’s.

【链接】

relate vt. 把...联系起来vi.有关，涉及（常与介词to连用）

relate...to/ with __________________ 把....与...联系起来

be related to _____________________ 与...有关系

E.g. 1. I can’t relate what he does to what he says.

2. The breakthrough in cloning that scientists have made is related to their hard work.

词汇5. Follow in one’s footsteps 效仿某人；继承某人的事业，步某人的后尘

【教材原句】...but this does not mean that we should follow in his steps.但这并不意味着我们应效仿他们。

【例句研读】翻译下列句中划线部分

1.Your brother committed a crime. You shouldn’t follow in his steps. ____________________

2.She works in education, following in her father’s footsteps. ____________________

1.你不应该步他后尘；

2. 继承父业

【链接】

as follows _________________ 如下follow the fashion _______________赶时髦

follow the rule ______________ 遵循这条规则it follows that... _____________其结果是

follow one’s advice ____________ 听从某人的忠告

词汇6. majority n. 大多数，过半数

【教材原句】I am sure that if you conducted a survey among UK citizens, it would show that the majority of people would not support this type of scientific research.

我敢确定如果你在英国民众中作调查，调查将显示大部分人不支持这种科学研究。

【例句研读】翻译下列句中划线部分

1.Among the members of the committee those who favour the proposed changes are in the majority. _________________

2.The majority of people believe smoking is harmful to health. __________________

3.The majority is / are doing its/ their best to help solve the problem of climate change. _______

1.占大多数；

2.大多数人；

3.多数人

【搭配】

be in the/ a majority ______________构成大部分，大多数

【链接】

minority n. 少数，少数民族，少数派

be in the/ a minority ____________ 占少数，成为少数派

词汇7. in summary 总的来说，概括起来

【教材原句】In summary, I insist that you take the opinions of the people of the UK in to consideration, and end this practice immediately.

总的来说，我坚决主张你应该考虑英国人民的意见，立即结束这种做法。

【例句研读】

1.In summary, your error of judgment led to the failure of investment.

【链接】

give/ make a summary (of)_________________ 做（...的）摘要

to sum up (=in sum)_________________ 总体来说

a small/ large sum of money ______________一小笔/ 一大笔钱

take... Into consideration 把...考虑在内

【链接】

under consideration ________________在考虑中，在研究中

in consideration of ________________ 考虑到，顾及

consider....as _________________把...看做...

consider doing sth ________________考虑做某事

consider sb. / sth.(to be)+ adj./ n. _______________________认为某人/ 某物（是）...

E.g. 1. I always take fuel consumption into consideration when buying a car.

2.When the developing economy, we have to take environmental protection into consideration.

词汇8. reliable adj. 可靠的，可信赖的

【教材原句】Through cloning, we can thus make sure that we will have a reliable supply of high-quality food for years to come.

通过克隆，我们可以确保在未来几年内我们会有可信赖的，高质量的食物供应。

【例句研读】翻译下列句中划线部分

1.He won’t let you down, he’s reliable. ________________________

2.The engine’s performance is not very reliable. _____________________

3.Our information comes from a reliable source. _____________________

1.他不会让你失望，他值得信赖；

2.这台发动机的性能不是很稳定；

3.我们的消息来源可靠

【链接】

rely on/ upon 信赖（后若接that 从句，则要先加it.）

词汇9. Brief adj. 短暂的，简短的

【教材原句】For example, cloned animals are not very healthy-they nearly always live brief, painful lives compared with ordinary animals.

例如，克隆出来的动物不是很健康，它们几乎总是活得很短暂，很痛苦。

【拓展】

To be brief ______________简明扼要地说in brief _______________简单地说，简言之

E.g. 1. To be brief, he was happy with the result.

2. In brief, he is no longer a stranger here.

【单词积累】

briefly adv. 简洁地，简要地，短暂地，暂时地

词汇10. confirm v. 证实，证明，确认

【教材原句】Therefore, we cannot confirm that food from cloned animals is really safe for human to eat.

因此，我们不能证明人们食用由克隆动物产出的食物是真正安全的。

【例句研读】翻译下列句中划线部分

1.What you have said confirms my opinions. ______________________

2.Has everyone confirmed that they’re coming? _______________________

3.It has been confirmed that the 31st Olympic Games will be held in Rio de Janeiro. _________

1. 证实了我的看法；

2. 他们是不是每个人都确认过一定会来？

3. 已经确定

【搭配】

confirm sth. ______________证明/ 确认某事confirm that... ________________证实

It has been confirmed that ___________________ 已经确定

词汇11. in favour of 赞成，支持

【教材原句】Would anyone say that development should be stopped in favour of nature? 有人会说难道为了保护自然就应该停止经济发展吗？

【例句研读】翻译下列句中划线部分

1.It strikes me that nobody is in favour of the changes. _____________________

2.In summary, I’m in favour of the proposal. ______________________

1.支持这些改变；

2.我赞成这个提议

【链接】

be in / out of favour (with sb)______________________(不)受(某人)赏识的，(不)受(某人)欢迎的

in one’s favour ________________ 有助于某人，对某人有利

do sb. a favour/ do a favour for sb ____________________帮某人忙

do sb. a favour to do sth. _________________________帮助某人做某事

win one’s favour _____________________赢得某人的好感

find favour with sb. _________________得宠于某人，受某人青睐

ask a favour of sb. _______________请某人帮忙ask sb. a favour ____________请某人帮忙

E.g. 1. Could you do me a favour to tell Kelly I can’t make it?

2. The idea may find favour with old people.

词汇12. From the point of view of sb. (=from one’s point of view)

依照某人的观点，根据某人的观点

【教材原句】From the point of view of some people, we are only doing what humans have always done, using nature to meet our own needs.根据有些人的观点，我们只是在做人类一直在做的事情，利用自然满足我们自己的需求。

E.g. From my point of view, the theory that was put forward by the scientist is not quite scientific.

【链接】

to the point ___________恰当，中肯off the point ____________ 离题

to the point of (doing) sth. ______________达到某种程度

be on the point of doing sth. When ...___________________正要做某事，这时...

There is no point (in) doing ______________________做...没有意义

in one’s opinion/ view ___________________在某人看来

E.g. You can stick to your own point of view, but in my opinion, it’s not worth the effort you will make.

Meet one’s needs (=meet the needs of sb./ satisfy one’s needs) 满足某人的需要

E.g. 1. The government is trying to meet people’s needs.

2. The charity exists to meet the needs of elderly people.

词汇13. frighten vt. / vi (使某人) 感到恐惧，使害怕，惊吓

【教材原句】While many people are excited about these new technologies, these same technologies frighten others.

当许多人为这些新技术兴奋不已时，这些同样的技术也让其他人害怕。

【例句研读】翻译下列句中划线部分

1.We were frightened by the cloned monster. ________________________

2.The children’s shouts frightened off the birds. ________________________

3.He frightened me into keeping silent. ________________________

4.He drove at a speed which frightened Laura to death. ________________________

1.我们被那头克隆的怪物吓坏了；

2.吓跑了鸟；

3.恐吓我要我保持沉默；

4.让劳拉吓得要死

【搭配】

frighten away/ off ______________________将（人或动物）吓跑

frighten sb. into/ out of doing sth ____________________吓得某人做/ 不敢做某事

frighten ab. To death ____________________ 把某人吓得要死

词汇14. have an effect on 对...产生影响/ 起作用

【教材原句】No one knows what effects the GM material might have on the food chain. 没有人知道转基因物质会给食物链带来什么影响。

【例句研读】翻译下列句中划线部分

1.Poor nutrition will have a bad effect on your health. _____________________

2.My point of view has an effect on his choice of profession. _____________________

1.产生不好的影响；

2.影响

【链接】

come into effect ________________生效，实行be of no effect _________________无效

take effect __________________生效，起作用in effect _____________实际上，事实上

carry/ put / bring..into effect ____________________实施

have a strong influence on ______________________对...产生强大的影响

词汇15. permission n. 许可，准许，批准

【教材原句】...many countries have hesitated to give permission for the production of GM foods... ...许多国家在是否允许生产转基因食品的问题上犹豫不决...

【例句研读】翻译下列句中划线部分

1.Genetically modified soybean mustn’t be imported without permission. _______________

2.On the one hand, I was admitted into the lab, but on the other hand, I couldn’t walk around without my teacher’s permission. ________________

3.I’d like to talk to your son alone with your permission. ________________

4.We can’t go out without our teacher’s permission. ________________

5.You’ll have to get permission from your parents if you want to come. ________________

6.Tommy asked for permission to go to the bathroom. ________________

1.未经许可；

2. 未经老师允许;

3. 如您同意；

4.未经老师同意；

5. 得到你父母的同意；

6.询问

【拓展】

with/ without one’s permission ___________________在某人的许可下/ 未经某人的许可

get one’s permission ___________________得到某人的许可ask for one’s permission _______________请求某人的允许

二、重点语法

1. 动词-ed形式（过去分词）的句法功能

（1）作定语

动词-ed形式作定语,表示动作或是在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生，或是没有一定的时间性。

注意：其逻辑主语就是被其所修饰的名词。及物动词的-ed形式作定语表示被动，不及物动词的-ed

形式作定语表示动作完成。

Dolly the sheep is the world’s first cloned mammal.__________

We should drink boiled water._________

A water and soil conservation project set up in 1989 resulted in farmers replacing their crops with trees or grass.______

The carbon produced when we breathe is much less than that produced by cars.________

There are some fallen leaves on the ground. ________

（2）作表语

动词-ed形式作表语，表示主语的性质、特征或状态。动词-ed形式作表语，被动意为很弱，主要表示动作的完成和状态。此时相当于一个形容词，常不跟by短语。

The glass is broken.__________

Our classroom is crowded. _________

The ground is covered with snow.________

（3）作宾语补足语

动词-ed形式作宾语补足语，其逻辑主语是句子的宾语。宾语和宾语补足语之间是被动关系。

The villagers had many trees planted then._______

In the morning people woke up and found the world outside their houses completely changed.________

链接：

With复合结构：

由with+宾语+非谓语动词、介词短语、形容词或副词组成。当宾语补足语是动词-ed形式

时，表示宾语和宾语补足语之间是被动关系。With复合结构通常在句子中作状语，也可以作定语，修饰前面的名词。

With all the work done,we went to play basketball.____________________

The fellow stood there with his hands crossed._____________________________

The farmers have a good harvest with all the crops got in._________________________

With a lot of work to do,she doesn’t have time to go to the cinema._____________________

With the good teacher teaching us English,we had no trouble passing the exam._____________________

Do you know the man with a book in his hand?____________________________

Throw away the container with its cover sealed._____________________________

(4)作状语

动词-ed 形式作状语，其逻辑主语是句子的主语，和主语时被动关系。动词ed形式作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件等。

1）作时间状语：

Seen from the moon,the earth,with water covering about 70% of its surface,appears to be a blue ball.______________

2)作原因状语

Frightened by the thunder and lightning in the night,the girl didn’t dare to sleep alone in her room._________________

3)作条件状语

Given a chance,I would prove myself._________________________

4)作伴随状语

The boy sat at the table buried in his homework._______________________

链接：

独立主格结构：当动词-ed形式作状语时，前面在加逻辑主语，句子的主语就不再是动词-ed 形式的逻辑主语，这种带逻辑主语的动词-ed形式实际上属于独立主格结构。

The signal given,the bus started.__________________

Her head held high,she went by.________________-

2.动词-ed形式与从句转换。

动词ed形式作状语可以转换成相应的状语从句：

1)与时间状语从句的转换：

When given a medical examination(= When you are given a medical examination),you should keep calm.______________

2)与原因状语从句转换

Depressed (=Since he was depressed),he went to see his elder sister.__________________________

3)与条件状语从句转换

Grown in rich soil(=If they are grown in rich soil),these seeds can grow fast.____________________

3.在描述人或物时，动词-ing形式与动词-ed形式的区别。

动词-ing形式与中心词构成主动关系，即“令人有某种感觉”

动词-ed形式含有被动意味，即“人被引起某种感觉”

如：He was deeply moved by the moving story.______________________________

牛津译林模块五 Unit 2重点句型及语法学案

一、重点句型梳理 词汇-1. I have to pick up rubbish where I am going to sit... 我不得不捡起在我要做的地方的垃圾。（P29） pick up （1）捡起/ 拿起（某物）；扶起（某人）；跌倒后（自己）站起来To his credit, he formed the habit of picking up waste paper in public places. 值得表扬的是，他养成了在公共场所捡废纸的习惯。 （2）（在无线电中）收听，接收 It is necessary to use a short-wave radio to pick up the programme. 必须有一台短波收音机才能收听到这些节目。 （3）（用车）接（既可以是到某处去接某人或载货，也可以是中途顺便带走） I’m willing to pick you up at your apartment if possible. 如果可能的话，我愿意开车去你的公寓接你。 （4）加快（速度） The wild horses picked up speed, so the hunters couldn’t catch up with them.

那些野马加快了速度，因此猎人们追不上它们了。 （5）恢复精神/ 健康，（生意）好转，恢复 It is clear that the injured are beginning to pick up now. 很明显，现在这些伤员开始恢复健康。 （6）（偶然）习得，学会 The businessman made the acquaintance of a young waiter and picked up a few words of Greek when he was there last year. 去年，这名企业家在希腊的时候结识了一名年轻的服务员，并学会了几个希腊单词。 词汇-2. impress v. 使钦佩，使敬仰，使印象深刻，使铭记 【教材原句】When I heard what you said about the environment and the economy needing to work together more, I was very impressed. 当我听你说到环境和经济需要更加协调时，我印象非常深刻。 【例句研读】翻译句中划线部分 （1）In the debate, the girl impressed us with her sense of humor. ________________________ （2）We were most impressed with your committed attitude towards adolescents world wide. _____________________

译林牛津高中英语模块五讲解

P2line5 grade1 step, stage or degree of rank, quality, etc; level of classification （官阶﹑质量等的）等级, 品级; 阶段; 程度: a person's salary grade, ie level of pay 某人的薪金级别* [attrib 作定语] high/low-grade civil servants, milk, pigs, materials 等级高[低]的公务员﹑奶品﹑猪﹑材料* Grade A potatoes are the best in quality. 甲等马铃薯是质量最好的. (a) mark given in an examination or for school work （考试或作业的）分数, 评分等级: Pupils with 90% or more are awarded Grade A. 满90分的学生评为甲等. * She got excellent grades in her exams. 她考试成绩优异. (b) level of (esp musical) skill at which a pupil is tested （学生受测试的）技巧水平（尤指音乐方面）: He's got Violin Grade 6, ie has passed a test at that level of skill. 他的小提琴6级考试及格了.

(US) division of a school based on the age of the pupils; pupils in such a division 年级; （按年级划分的）小学生: My son's in the third grade. 我儿子上小学三年级. grade2 [esp passive 尤用於被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.n] ~ sth/sb by/according to sth; ~ sth/sb from sth to sth arrange sth/sb in order by grades or classes, ie assessed and marked with the standard or grade obtained 将某事物[某人]按级分类或分等: The potatoes are graded by/according to size. 马铃薯按大小分等级. * Eggs are graded from small to extra-large. 鸡蛋从小的到特大的分成了等级.

最新m7u3译林牛津英语模块七第三单元project学案(1)讲课教案

主备人：审核人：用案人：用案时间：NO. 课题：Module7 Unit3 Project(1)（第13课时） 学习目标1. Learn about two search services and what should be ta ken into consideration while researching on the Internet. 2. Use the Internet to do research on a topic by using the information and instructions in the text. 学习重点Learn to use some language points, and improve their overall ability. 学习难点Make a poster explaining how they have searched and what they have found. 课堂类型Project新授课总课时数 2 periods 学习过程用案人个案补充 【问题导引】 一、自主复习project部分的词汇知识，试读project课文并弄懂其大意。 二、认真阅读P46-47的课文后完成下表。 The Internet has enjoyed increased popularity among people all over the world. Therefore, doing online is common among net users. There are some tips you can follow to get satisfactory results. First of all, before you get down to searching information, you should . a search service between search engines and subject directories. Search engines can show you the pages that contain the word(s) you have typed in. Subject directories are by subjects and provide information that has been . by people. Secondly, when searching online you must take the following into . Is the up to date? Is it correct? Usually you have to other web pages to it. How to type the key words? Try to use some , such as “+”and “-” to make your search more accurate. Thirdly, after finding the information, do not copy the words just as you found them. This is cheating and is . The right thing you should do is to write an of the information in your own words and never forget to a list of the websites you have referred to when your report is finished. 【语言点学习】 三、短语翻译。

牛津译林版高中英语模块5 Unit 2 The Environment Project 导学案 2

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