非谓语动词在完成句子中的考查

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在完成句子这种题型中，非谓语动词是必考点之一。非谓语动词包括动词的ing形式、动词不定式和过去分词。非谓语动词的运用包括非谓语动词与句子主语的关系，非谓语动词的时态和语态，如非谓语动词的完成时、一般式、进行式等，独立主格结构和动名词的复合结构等。

一、动词不定式的时态和语态

[\&主动\&被动\&意义特征\&一般时\&todo\&tobedone\&所表示的动作通常与谓语所表示的动作同时（或几乎同时）发生，或在其后发生。\&进行时\&tobedone\&\&当谓语动词所表示的动作发生时，不定式表示的动作正在进行。\&完成时

\&tohavedone\&tohavebeendone\&所表示的动作在谓语动词所表示

的动作之前发生。\&完成进行时\&tohavebeendoing\&\&所表示的动

作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前就已经开始，并一直进行着。到说话时为止，这个动作可能已停止，也可能还在继续。\&]

Hepretendednottoseeme.（同时）

ThereisareporttobegivenbyProfessorLithisevening.（在其后）Theyaresaidtobebuildinganewcarfactoryinthatprovince.（进行时）

ThebookissaidtohavebeentranslatedintoChinese.（完成时的

被动式）

Hewassaidtohavebeenworkinginthatfactoryfornearlyfortyyears.（完成进行时）

二、动词ing形式的时态和语态

1.现在分词的时态和语态

[形式\&语法功能\&意义特征\&一般时

doing\&定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语\&所表示的动作是主动的，且一般与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。\&一般时的被动式beingdone\&定语、状语、宾语补足语\&所表示的动作是被动的，且一般与谓语动词所表示的动作同步发生。\&完成式

havingdone\&只作状语\&表示主动的动作，且其表示的动作是在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生。\&完成时的被动式

havingbeendone\&只作状语\&表示被动的动作，且其表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生。\&]

Talkingandlaughing,theywentoutoftheclassroom.（一般时，

状语）

Theoldmanbeingtakengoodcareofislivingahappylife.（一般时，定语）

Havingnoteddownournamesandaddresses,thepolicemandismissedus.

（完成时，状语）

Havingbeenshownaroundthelibrary,theparentsweretakentothedin ningroom.（完成时，状语）

2.动名词的时态和语态

[\&主动语态\&被动语态\&语法功能\&一般式

\&doing\&beingdone\&主语、宾语、表语\&完成式

\&havingdone\&havingbeendone\&主语、宾语、表语\&] Talkingiseasierthandoing.（一般时，主语）

Heapologizedtomefornothavingkepthisword.（完成时，介词宾语）

3.动名词的复合结构

在形式上，通常在动名词前加物主代词、名词的所有格、人称代词的宾格或名词的普通格来表示这个动名词的逻辑主语。在功能上，动名词的复合结构在句中常用作主语、表语或宾语。注意：人称代词

的宾格或名词的普通格+动名词结构不能位于句首。

Doyouthinkhisgoingtherewillbeofanyhelp?（主语）

Theyinsistedonmy/mestayingtherefordinner.（宾语）

Marybeinglateagainmadetheteacherangry.（错误）

Mary’sbeinglateagainmadetheteacherangry.（正确）

三、过去分词的形式

[形式\&语法功能\&意义特征\&done\&用作表语、定语、状语、

宾语补足语\&既表示被动的动作又表示动作已完成。\&]

Shehadtoshouttomakeherselfheard.（宾语补足语）

Seenfromthetopofthehill,theparklooksverybeautiful.（状语）

四、独立主格结构

形式：名词/代词+现在分词/过去分词/不定式/形容词/副词/名

词短语/介词短语

独立主格结构用于修饰整个句子。独立主格结构中的名词或代词与其后的分词等构成逻辑上的主谓关系。这种结构与主句没有句法上的联系，可置于主句前、主句末或主句中，常用逗号将其与主句分开。需特别注意的是，独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。独立主格结构只能做状语，而“with+宾语+补语”可做状语、定语、表语等。

Therebeingnobus,wehadtowalkhome.

Hewaslisteningattentivelyinclass,hiseyesfixedontheblackboar d.

Thelightsoff,wecouldnotgoonwiththework.

Theteachercamein,（with）abookunderhisarm.

Thefloorwet,wehadtostayoutsideforawhile.

五、题例分析

完成句子侧重考查非谓语动词作定语、状语、动名词的复合结构和独立主格结构。答题的关键是判断非谓语动词所表示的动作发生的时间和语态，选择非谓语动词正确的形式。现在结合试题具体分析：

1.Thebridge（要修建的）willjointhatislandtotheircity.（build）

分析从所给的词和汉语提示可以判断出这里要填的是动词，句中已有了谓语动词willjoin，所以要用非谓语动词形式。根据汉语提示，“修建”这个动作没有发生；根据句法，所填词在句中作定语。非谓语动词的三种形式中只有不定式的一般时表示动作没有发生，可作定语。另外从语态上可以判断应使用被动语态。综合考虑，得出答案tobebuilt。

2.Thebridge（正在修建的）willjointhatislandtotheircity.（build）

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