给排水专业英语汇总.docx

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UNIT1污水wastewater

给水工程water supply engineering废水abwasser

排水工程sewetage engineering废水收集wastewater collection

市政工程civil engineering废水处理wastewater disposal

市政工程师civil engineer受纳水体receiving waters

环境工程environmental engineering污染pollutionpollute

水文学hydrology污染物pollntant

水力学hydranlies玷污、污染contamination

水环境natural aquatic environment致污物contaminant

流域watershed未污染uncontaminated

水体waterbody水污染water pollution

地表水surface water水污染控制water pollution control

新鲜水freshwater水污染防治water pollution prevention

地下水groundwater污水回用wastewater reuse

含水层aquifer UNIT2

天然含水层natural aquifer水短缺water scarcity

地下含水层underground aquifer地表水资源surface water resource

水文循环natural hydrologic cycle管网Pipe Network

渗滤infiltration供水系统water supply system

降水precipitation市政配水系统municipal distribution system 渗入precolation建筑给水系统 house water supply system

蒸发evaporation分区供水系统dual distribution system

蒸腾transpiration小区micro district

城市水文循环urban hydrologic cycle小社区small community

水源water source冷水供水系统cold water supply system

水资源water resource热水供水系统hot water supply system

取水water withdrawal消防系统fire protection system

水处理water treatment喷淋系统 fire protection sprinkler system

配水water distribution自动水幕系统automatic drencher system

用水water use半自动水幕系统

semi automatic drencher system 消火栓hydrant

排水系统drainage system

生活排水系统sanitary system

工业排水系统industrial system

雨水排水系统stormwater system

合流制combined sewers

分流制separate sewers

建筑排水系统building drainage system

卫生洁具plumbing fixtures

卫浴设备bathroom fixtures

输水系统water transmission system

漏水率leakage rate

配水系统water distribution system

环状管网grid system

支状管网branching system

下水管道sanitary sewer

污水节流管intercepting sewer

污水节流系统intercepting sewer system 污水节流井sewage intercepting cell

支管collection sewer collector sewer 生活污水sanitary sewage

domestic sewage

domestic wastewater

工业污水industrial wastewater

工业污水 / 液 / 物 industrial wastes

农业用水agricultural wastewater/wastes 雨水rainwater stormwater

水位waterlevel

海拔、标高elevation

坡度grade闸阀Gate valve合成有机化合物Synthetic organic chemicals 倾斜度slope泵送系统Pumping system挥发性有机化合物Volatile organic ohemicals 明渠Open channel流量Flow rate无机化合物Inorganic chemical

开挖excavation流速Fluid velocity微生物Micro organisms\microbes 深度excavation depth层流Laminar flow微生物污染Microbial contaminants 水力分析hydraulic analysis滞流粘性流viscous flow病原微生物Pathogenic micro organisms 水头pressure head过渡流Transitional flow病原体Pathogenic

总水头total head湍流Turbulent flow病毒Pathogenic bacterin

Unit 3紊流Turbulence flow细菌Bacteria

水头损失Head loss涡流Eddying flow大肠杆菌Coliform bacteria

速度头动压头 Velocity head雷诺数Teynolds number病毒Viruses

静压Static head水质Water guality藻类Algae

摩擦水头Friction head水源Water sources浊度Turbidity

水力坡度线Hydranlic grade line供水水源Water supples放射性Radionuclide

重力流Gravity flow原水Raw water感官性状Esthetic qualities

水塔Water castle未处理水Untreated water审美Esthetic

贮水箱Cistern出水Finished water味Taste

泵站Pump station原水水质Raw-water quality嗅Odo

给水泵站Water pump station水质标准Water quality standards色Colour

污水泵站Sewage station水质要求Water quality requirements变色Discolouration

提升泵站Lift pumping plant饮用水Drink water\potable water变色Discolor

增压泵Booster pump自来水Tap water水质物理参数 Physical parameters of water quality 离心泵Centrifugal pump纯水Pure water水的物理性质Physical quality of water

潜水泵Submer sible pump饮用水标准Drinking water standards浊度值Turbidity values

潜水艇Submerine饮用水一级标 Primary drinking water standards浊度单位Turdidity unit

深井泵Well pump最大允许浓度Maxmum permissible levels浑浊单位Turdid

虹吸虹吸管Siphon maxmum allowable levels嗅阈值Threshold odor number

人孔Manhole最大污染物浓度Maxmum contaminant levels化学性质Chemical quality

法兰Flange主要污染物Primary contaminants水质化学参数 Chemical parameters of water quality 阀门Valve有机化合物Organic chemicals溶解氧Dissolved oxygen (DO)

溶解氧浓度Do level杀虫剂农药 Pesticide间歇处理方式Batch treatment approach 溶解氧平衡Do balance害虫Pest均匀均化Equalization

氧损Oxygen depletion杀虫剂Insecticide均匀Equalize

有机污染物Organic pollutant除草剂Herbicide调蓄水池Equalization storage

生化需氧量Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)杀菌剂Germicide调节池Equalization tank

总氮Total nitrogen (TN)细菌Germ蓄水池Storage tank

总凯式氮Total Kjeldahl nitrogen(TKN)防腐剂Preservative降解Degrade

悬浮固体Suspended solids (SS)保证Preserve分解Decompose

总悬浮固体Total suspended solids (TSS)清洗剂Cleaning agent分离Separate

溶解Dissolved(DS)洗涤剂Detergent隔离Separation

总溶解Total dissolved (TDS)发泡剂Foaming agent物理法Physical process

Unit 4泡沫Foam物理处理Physical treatment

溶解的铁和锰Dissolved iron and manganese化肥Fertilizer物理处理过程Physical treatment process 硬度Hardness肥沃的Fertile一级处理Primary treatment

碱度Alkalinity富营养化Eutrophication初步处理Preliminary treatment

盐度Salinity营养的Trophic格栅筛滤Screening

有害物质Toxic and hazardous materials营养水平Trophic level格栅Screen

氰化物Cyanides生态位Niche格栅Bar screen

急性毒性Acute toxity Unit 5栅条Bars

慢性毒性Chronic toxity原污水Raw sewage钢栅条Steel bars

基因毒性Genetic toxicity原废水Raw wastes渣耙Cleaning rakes

基因Gene处理水Treated wastes圆形破碎机Circular grinder

难降解有机化合物Refractory organic chemicals回用水Redaimed water破碎Grind

永久性有机污染物Persistent organic pollutants水处理过程Water processing除砂Degritting

致癌化学性Carcinogenic chemicals收集Collect砂Grit

三卤甲烷Trihalo methanes处置Dispose沙Sand

卤素Halogen处理方法Treatment method除砂Grit removal

甲基Methyl处理费用Treatment costs沉砂池Grit chamber

氯仿Trichloromethane处理单元Treatment process沉淀Settling

三氯甲烷Chloroform运行模式Operational mode沉淀池Settling tank

澄清池Clarifier多反应器设施Multi-reactor facility混合池mixer tank

初澄清池Primary clarifier处理池Treatment tank快速混合池flash-mix tank

初沉池Primary settling tank负荷Load絮凝器n.flocculator

一级出水Primary effluent负荷Loadings絮凝池flocculation tank

二级处理Secondary treatment水力负荷Hydrautic loading

二级处理工艺Secondary treatment process污染负荷Pollutant load固体接触池solids-contact tank

生物处理Biological treatment有机负荷Organic load澄清n.clarification

二澄清池Secondary clarifier无机负荷Inorganic load v.clarify

二沉池Secondary settling tank不含化肥、农药无机的 Unorganic澄清池n.clarifier

最终澄清池Final clarifier周期性负荷Periodic(intermitlent) loading高负荷澄清池high rate clarifier

最终沉淀池Final settling tank第五部分：物化处理澄清水clarifying water

二级出水Secondary effluent1．混凝n.coagulation

三级处理Tertiary treatment混凝过程coagulation process2．沉淀n.sedimentation

深度处理Advanced treatment化学混凝chemical coagulation沉降n.sedimentation

废水消毒Waste disinfection凝聚n.aggregation自由沉降plain settling

出流出水Effluent flow絮凝n.flocculation拥挤沉降hindered settling

允许浓度Allowable levels v.flocculate重力沉降gravity settling

优异出水High-quality polished effluent异向絮凝perikinetic flocculation沉淀池settling tank

废水处理厂Wastewater treatment plant同向絮凝orthokinetic flocculation沉淀池，沉降池sedimentation tank

污水处理厂Sewage treatment plant混凝剂n.coagulant矩形沉淀池rectangular settling tank

二级处理厂Secondary treatment plant混凝剂投量coagulant dosage圆形沉淀池circular settling tank

城市污水处理烧杯实验jar test管式沉淀池tube settler Municipal wastewater treatment最佳混凝剂投量optimum coagulant dosage斜管沉淀池 steeply inclined tube settler 市政工程Municipal engineering助凝剂coagulant aid板式沉淀池parallel-plate settler

土木工程Civil engineering助凝剂flocculation aid板式沉淀池plate separator

城市污水处理厂聚电解质n. polyelectrolytes气浮n.floatation Municipal wastewater treatment plant快速混合 flash-mix ,泡沫分离foam separation

污水处理能力Sewage treatment capacity rapid-mix溶气气浮dissolved-air floatation

电容Capacitance快速混合器flash mixer ,气浮池floatation tank

污水处理设施Municipal treatment facilities rapid mixer表面撇渣装置surface-skimming device

撇去v.skim助滤剂filter aid次氯酸盐hypochlorites

浮渣n.scum滤后水，滤出水filtered water次氯酸钠sodium hypochlorite

浮渣槽scum trough滤后水，滤池出水filter effluent二氧化氯chlorine dioxide

刮泥机sludge scraper滤前水，滤池进水filter influent臭氧n.ozone

排泥sludge drawoff浊度穿透turbidity breakthrough臭氧化，臭氧消毒n. ozonation sludge withdrawal过滤周期filter cycle臭氧化v.ozonate

预沉淀n.presedimentation清洗周期cleaning cycle紫外线 (UV)ultraviolet radiation (UV)

预沉淀池presedimentation basin刮砂法scraping method伽马射线gamma radiation

表面刮砂surface scraping灭活n.inactivation

3．过滤n.filtration反冲洗backwashing v.inactivate

滤池n.filter水力反冲洗hydraulic backwashing接触时间contact time

慢滤池slow filter水力反冲洗hydraulic backwash需氯量chlorine demand

快滤池rapid filter水力分级hydraulic grading加氯量，投氯量chlorine dosage ,

高速（负荷）滤池high rate filter applied chlorine 砂滤池sand filter4．消毒n.disinfection自由氯，游离氯free chlorine ,

慢砂滤池slow sand filter v. disinfect free available chlorine

快砂滤池rapid sand filter消毒剂n.disinfectant化合氯combined chlorine

重力滤池gravity filter disinfection agent剩余保护residual protection

压力滤池pressure filter杀菌剂n.germicide余氯residual chlorine

过滤介质，滤料filter medium消毒过程disinfection process余氯量chlorine residual

石英砂silica sand消毒副产物disinfection by-products自由余氯free residual chlorine 无烟煤n.anthracite氯化n.chlorination自由氯余量free chlorine residual 硅藻土diatomaceous earth v.chlorinate化合余氯combined residual chlorine 煤—砂滤床coal-sand beds氯化水chlorinated water化合氯余量combined chlorine residuals 多层滤料multilayered media预氯化n.prechlorination折点氯化（法）breakpoint chlorination 混合滤料mixed media氯化消毒副产物by-products of chlorination折点氯化曲线breakpoint chlorination curve 双层滤料滤池dual media filter化学消毒剂chemical disinfectants折点加氯量breakpoint dosage 双层滤池two-layer filter液氯liquid chlorine ,氯折点chlorine breakpoint

粗滤料coarse media liquefied chlorine压力钢瓶pressured steel cylinder 细滤料fine media氯胺n.chloramines臭氧发生器ozone generator

需臭氧量ozone demand颗粒活性炭(GAC)granular activated carbon混合床mixed bed

剩余臭氧量ozone residual活性炭纤维(ACF)activated carbon fiber

剩余臭氧residual ozone再生n. regeneration8．膜分离membrane separation

v. regenerate微滤n.microfiltration 致病微生物，病源微生物吸附剂n.adsorbent超滤n.hyperfiltration pathogenic microorganisms吸附质n.adsorbate纳滤n.nanofiltration 病原体n.pathogens吸附塔，吸附柱adsorption column反渗透reverse osmosis

致病细菌或病毒pathogenic bacteria or viruses吸附床adsorption bed渗透n.osmosis

细菌n.bacteria空床接触时间empty bed contact time半透膜semipermeable membrane 大肠杆菌coliform bacteria吸附带mass transfer zone电渗析n.electrodialysis

阿米巴氏菌amoebic cysts快速小柱试验rapid small scale column test渗析n.dialysis

孢子，芽孢n.spores生物活性炭(BAC)biological activated carbon

病毒n.viruses9．其它处理方法

藻类n.algae7．离子交换n.ion exchange中和n.neutralization

原生动物n.protozoa离子交换树脂ion exchange resin v. neutralize

离子交换器ion exchanger酸性废水acidic wastes

5．氧化n.oxidation离子交换柱ion exchange column化学沉淀chemical precipitation

还原 n.reduction硬度n.hardness沉淀软化precipitation softening

氧化剂n.oxidant除硬hardness removal电解n.electrolysis

强氧化剂strong oxidizing agent软化n.softening电除盐 (EDI)n.electrodeionization

高级氧化法(AOP)advanced oxidation process v. soften吹脱、汽提法n.stripping

高级氧化工艺 (AOP) advanced oxidation process化学软化chemical softening

高级氧化过程 (AOP) advanced oxidation process沉淀软化precipitation softening冷却n.cooling

高级氧化技术(AOT)除盐，脱盐n.desaltination冷却水cooling water advanced oxidation technology v. desalt冷却塔cooling tower

去矿化n.demineralization第六部分生物处理

6．吸附n.adsorption v.demineralize生物反应器n.bioreactor

活性炭 (AC)activated carbon离子交换软化法ion exchange softening process微生物n.microorganisms

粉末炭 (PAC)powdered activated carbon离子交换除盐法ion exchange desalting process n. microbes 粒状炭 (GAC)granular activated carbon复床combined bed微生物种群microbial population

混合群落mixed communities废水生物处理biological wastewater treatment厌氧氧化anaerobic oxidation

细菌n. bacteria废水生物处理系统biological wastewater treatment兼性的 a. facultative

原生动物n. protozoa system兼性菌facultative bacteria

真菌n.fungi污水生物处理系统biological sewage treatment好氧环境aerobic environment 轮虫n. rotifers system厌氧环境anaerobic environment

生长n.growth生物处理法biological treatment process营养物n. nutrients

繁殖n.reproduction生物处理装置biological treatment unit无机营养物inorganic nutrients

世代时间generation time串联in series营养物去除nutrient removal

生长速率growth rates悬浮生长处理法suspended-growthtreatment营养物生物去除biological nutrient removal

环境因子environmental factors processes脱氮除磷nitrogen and phosphorus removal 生态因子ecological factors生物固体biological solids生物硝化biological nitrification

微生物生长动力学microbial growth kinetics活性污泥activated sludge硝化菌nitrifying bacteria

1.迟滞期lag phase附着生长处理法attached-growth treatment 生物反硝化，生物脱氮biological denitrification

2.对数生长期exponential-growth phase processes生物除磷biological phosphorus removal

3.减速生长期decling growth phase附着的微生物attached microbes

稳定期stationary phase微生物附着生长attached microbial growth1．活性污泥法activated sludge process

4. 源呼吸阶段endogenous stage生物膜n.biofilm微生物n.microorganismsn. microbes

源生长期endogenous growth phase细菌n.bacteria

源呼吸endogenous respiration代谢n.metabolism生物絮体biological floc

v.metabolize微生物絮体microbial floc

底物，基质n.substrate稳定，稳定化n. stabilization活性污泥activated sludge

底物（基质）利用substrate utilization v.stabilize絮状活性污泥flocculate-bacterial sludge

生物量 n.biomass生物代谢biological metabolism回流活性污泥(RAS) returned activated sludge 生物反应biological reaction微生物代谢microbial metabolism回流污泥returned sludge

生物氧化biological oxidation好氧的 a.aerobic回流污泥recycled sludge

生物降解n.biodegradation好氧菌aerobic bacteria剩余污泥excess sludge

生物降解性n.biodegradability好氧微生物aerobic microorganisms废活性污泥 (WAS) waste activated sludge

生物可降解的，可生物降解的a. biodegradable好氧氧化aerobic oxidation废污泥waste sludge

不可生物降解的 a. nonbiodegradable厌氧的 a. anaerobic曝气池aeration tank

生物处理biological treatment厌氧菌anaerobic bacteria曝气池aeration basin

曝气池aeration chamber

完全混合曝气池completely mixed aeration basin 活性污泥池activated sludge tank

曝气n.aeration

混合n.mixing

曝气系统aeration system

曝气器n.aerator

压缩空气compressed air

空气压缩机，空压机air compressor

鼓风机，风机n.blower

循环 / 切换n. cycling/switchover

扩散装置，扩散器n. diffuser

空气扩散装置，空气扩散器air diffuser

鼓泡空气扩散装置（扩散器）bubble air diffuser 微气泡扩散装置（扩散器）fine-bubble diffuser 扩散板plate diffuser

扩散管tube diffuser

扩散罩dome diffuser

微气泡扩散曝气fine-bubble diffused aeration

微气泡fine-bubble

大气泡coarse-bubble

静态混合器static mixer

机械曝气系统mechanical aeration systems

机械曝气mechanical aeration

表面曝气surface aeration

表面曝气器surface aerator

需氧量oxygen demand

供气量air supply

氧转移效率oxygen tansfer efficiency

.

可沉降固体settleable solids

挥发性固体volatile solids

非挥发性固体nonvolatile solids

挥发性悬浮固体(VSS)volatile suspended solids

混合液mixed liquor

混合液悬浮固体(MLSS)mixed liquor suspended

solids

混合液挥发性悬浮固体(MLVSS) mixed liquor volatile

suspended solids

污泥沉降比(SV) settling velocity

污泥容积指数(SVI)sludge volume index

比耗氧速率(SOUR)specific oxygen uptake rate

污泥龄sludge age

曝气池容积aeration tank volume

曝气时间aeration period

曝气时间aeration time

水力停留时间(HRT) hydraulic residence time

水力负荷hydraulic loading

BOD 负荷BOD loading

普通活性污泥法conventional activated sludge

process

传统活性污泥法conventional activated sludge

process

标准活性污泥法standard activated sludge process

传统活性污泥厂conventional activated sludge plant

阶段曝气活性污泥 step aeration activated sludge

process

分段v.step

进水负荷influent load

分段进水step loading

渐减v.taper

渐减曝气tapered aeration

接触稳定活性污泥法

contact stabilization activated sludge process

再曝气n. reaeration

曝气—沉淀—再曝气

aeration-sedimentation-reaeration

完全好氧处理法

complete aerobic treatment process

高负荷（完全混合）活性污泥法

high-rate (completely mixed) activated sludge process

延时曝气活性污泥法

extended aeration activated sludge process

延时曝气法extended aeration process

延时曝气extended aeration

氧化沟oxidation ditch

水平转刷horizontal rotor

转刷曝气rotor aeration

笼型转刷caged rotor

吸附—生物降解工艺(AB 法)

adsorption-biodegradation process

序批式活性污泥法(SBR 法 )sequencing batch reactor

(SBR) process、

序批式活性污泥法(SBR 法 ) sequential batch reactor

(SBR) process

SBR法SBR process

序批式反应器 (SBR) sequencing batch reactor (SBR) 序

批式反应器 (SBR) sequential batch reactor

.

初沉primary clarification生物反硝化，生物脱氮

曝气n.aeration biological denitrification生物转盘法biodisc process

二沉secondary clarification缺氧—好氧脱氮工艺(A/O 法 )生物转盘rotating biological contactor 初沉池primary clarifier anoxic-oxic process生物转盘n. biodisc

二沉池secondary clarifier厌氧—缺氧

2

法 )塑料盘片plastic discs —好氧法(A /O

泵送系统pumping system anaerobic-anoxic-aerobic process轻质盘片lightweight discs

活性污泥法activated sludge process A-A-O 法同步脱氮除磷工艺水平轴horizontal shaft

变体n.variant anaerobic-anoxic-aerobic process生物粘液biological slime

SBR运行周期SBR cycle脱氮除磷 nitrogen and phosphorus removal粘液层slime layer

处理周期process cycle厌氧氨氧化(ANAMMOX)

进水阶段fill phase anaerobic ammonium oxidation生物流化床biological fluidized bed

进水阀influent valve生物除磷biological phosphorus removal biological fluidised bed

反应阶段react phase生物流化床反应器fluidized-bed bioreactor 沉淀阶段settle phase膜生物反应器 (MBR)移动床生物膜反应器(MBBR)清水，上清液clear water membrane biological reactor moving-bed biofilm reactor 上清液n.supernatant2．生物膜法

排水阶段draw phase3．厌氧生物处理滗水阶段decant phase生物膜n.biofilm

滗水装置decant mechanism生物膜反应器biofilm reactor发酵n.fermentation

闲置阶段，待机阶段idle phase生物滤池n.biofilter v.fermentate

生物过滤n.biofiltration产酸细菌n.acidogens

营养物去除nutrient removal旋转布水器rotary sprinkler产甲烷细菌n.methanogens

营养物生物去除biological nutrient removal填料n.packings产酸阶段acidogenic phase

碳源carbon source塑料管状或蜂窝状填料plastic tubular or产甲烷阶段methanogenic phase 硝化n.nitrification honeycomb-shaped packings水解n.hydrolysis v.nitrify滴滤池trickling filter v.hydrolysis 硝化菌nitrifying bacteria普通生物滤池trickling filter产酸发酵acidogenic fermentation 反硝化n.denitrification高负荷生物滤池high-rate filter产氢产乙酸H2-producing acetogenesis v.denitrify塔式生物滤池tower biofilter产甲烷methanogenesis 脱氮n.denitrification曝气生物滤池(BAF) biological aerated filter产酸菌acid formers

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产甲烷菌methane formers ,厌氧流化床反应器出流，出水effluent flow

methane-forming bacteria anaerobic fluidized-bed reactor光合作用n.photosynthesis

有机酸organic acids厌氧生物转盘

挥发性脂肪酸(VFAs) volatile fatty acids anaerobic rotating biological contactor厌氧塘anaerobic pond

曝气塘aerated pond

硫酸盐还原sulfate reduction4．自然生物处理系统修饰塘polishing pond

硫酸盐还原菌sulfate-reducing bacteria熟化塘maturation lagoon

自然净化系统natural purification system深度处理塘advanced treatment pond

上流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)稳定塘stabilization ponds三级处理塘tertiary treatment pond upflow anaerobic sludge blanket stabilization lagoons

上升流速upflow velocity氧化塘oxidation ponds土地处理工艺（过程）land treatment processes

土地处理系统land treatment systems关键因素critical factors

厌氧折流板反应器(ABR)废水土地处理land treatment of wastewater土壤类型soil type

anaerobic baffled reactor净化过程purification process气候n.climate

自然净化natural purification土地处理系统land treatment systems

两段或两级厌氧生物处理two-stage anaerobic慢速土地处理系统

biotreatment污水塘sewage lagoon slow rate land treatment system

两相厌氧生物处理two-phase anaerobic biotreatment稳定塘stabilization ponds低负荷土地处理系统

产酸相acidogenic phase stabilization lagoons low-rate land treatment system

产甲烷相methanogenic phase氧化塘oxidation ponds三级处理水平tertiary treatment level

好氧塘aerobic pond灌溉n.irrigation

消化n.digestion兼性塘facultative pond v.irrigate

v.digest好氧生化反应aerobic biochemical reaction土壤的天然过滤和吸附性质

消化池n.digestor厌氧生化反应anaerobic biochemical reaction natural filtration and adsorption properties of soil

厌氧消化anaerobic digestion厌氧分解anaerobic decomposition投配的废水applied wastewater 污泥消化sludge digestion厌氧分解decompose anaerobically垄—沟表面布水

厌氧消化池anaerobic digestor好氧稳定aerobic stabilization ridge-and-furrow surface spreading 厌氧接触法anaerobic contact process细菌n.bacteria喷洒布水系统，喷灌布水系统sprinkler systems 厌氧膨胀床反应器藻类n.algae快速渗滤土地处理系统rapid infiltration land anaerobic expanded-bed reactor微型植物microscopic plants treatment system

.

渗滤—渗透土地处理infiltration-percolationland污泥减量sludge volume reduction搅拌作用stirring action

treatment污泥稳定化sludge stabilization底流n.underflow 快速渗滤rapid infiltration浓缩的底流thickened underflow

快速渗滤法rapid infiltration method（污泥）浓缩n.thickening浓缩污泥thickened sludge

过滤作用filtering action污泥浓缩sludge thickening出水n.effluent

吸附作用adsorption action稳定，稳定化n. stabilization上清液n. supernatant

地表漫流土地处理系统v.stabilize溢流v.overflow overland flow land treatment system稳定了的污泥stabilized sludge堰n.weir 地表漫流overland flow调理（调节）n. conditioning气浮浓缩floatation thickening

径流集水沟runoff collection ditch v.condition溶气气浮dissolved-air floatation

物理、化学和生物过程脱水n.dewatering气浮池floatation tank

physical , chemical , and biological processes v.dewater入流污泥influent sludge

湿地n.wetland干化n.drying污泥絮体sludge flocs

天然湿地natural wetland污泥干化场sludge drying bed撇去v.skim

人工湿地constructed wetland污泥干燥heat drying漂浮污泥层floating sludge layer man-made wetland干燥器n.dryer

污泥焚烧，污泥焚化n. incineration污泥消化sludge digestion

第七部分：污泥处理、处置与利用焚烧炉，焚化炉n. incinerator消化池n. digester

污泥n. sludge消化池装置digester unit

生活污水污泥sewage sludge污泥浓缩sludge thickening消化n.digestion 污泥体积，污泥量sludge volume物理过程physical process v. digest

原污泥，生污泥raw sludge含水过多的污泥watery sludge有机固体organic solids

新鲜污泥，生污泥fresh sludge稀污泥thin sludge生化分解biochemical decomposition

消化污泥，熟污泥digested sludge处理装置treatment unit好氧消化aerobic digestion

混合污泥mixed sludge浓缩池n.thickener好氧污泥消化aerobic sludge digestion

污泥处理sludge treatment重力浓缩gravity thickening好氧消化过程aerobic digestion process

污泥处置sludge disposal重力浓缩池gravity thickener活性污泥池activated sludge tank

最终处置ultimate disposal圆形污水沉淀池预制的（成套）活性污泥处理系统

填埋https://www.wendangku.net/doc/1116202059.html,ndfill circular sewage sedimentation tank prefabricated(package) activated sludge treatment

刮泥机sludge scraper systems

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预制的接触稳定或间接市政回用indirect municipal reuse prefabricated contact stabilization or污泥处理总成本overall sludge-handling costs供水系统，给水系统water supply system 延时曝气处理系统取水口n.intake extended aeration treatment systems第八部分：废水回用天然同化能力natural assimilative capacity

BOD 负荷BOD loading地表水资源surface water resource人工回灌artificial recharge

细胞物质cellular mass地下水资源groundwater resource深井注射deep-well injection

源衰亡 endogenous decay水短缺water scarcity浅表布水shallow surface spreading

回用n. , v.reuse渗透n. percolation 厌氧消化anaerobic digestion废水回用wastewater reuse工业回用industrial reuse

厌氧污泥消化anaerobic sludge digestion直接回用direct reuse工艺废水，过程废水process wastewaters 有盖的圆形池covered circular tank直接废水回用direct wastewater reuse工艺补充水，过程补充水plant process makeup 消化过程digestion process间接回用indirect reuse water

厌氧消化过程anaerobic digestion process间接废水回用indirect wastewater reuse冷却塔水cooling tower water

生化反应biochemical reactions出水处理effluent treatment选择性处理optional treatment

有机酸organic acids回用水reclaimed water水费water costs

挥发性脂肪酸(VFAs) volatile fatty acids排放 n. , v. discharge回用的城市污水

甲烷气methane gas保留n.retention reclaimed municipal wastewater

末端产物end product循环n.recycling工业过程industrial processes

指示剂n.indicator v.recycle冷却水cooling water

污泥消化池气体sludge digester gas部分处理n.partial treatment锅炉给水boiler feedwater

污泥沉淀sludge settling最终用途end use灌溉回用irrigation reuse

污泥储存sludge storage城市污水回用municipal wastewater reuse废水直接灌溉 direct irrigation with wastewater 消化污泥digested sludge灌溉n.irrigation低负荷土地处理系统low-rate land treatment 充分消化的污泥well-digested sludge景观灌溉landscape irrigation system

消化池上清液digester supernatant地下水回灌groundwater recharge间接灌溉回用indirect reuse for irrigation

中温消化mesophilic digestion废水排放wastewater discharge

高温消化thermophilic degestion市政回用municipal reuse雨水回用storm water reuse

直接市政回用direct municipal reuse可回用水reusable water 污泥脱水sludge dewatering深度处理，高级处理advanced treatment Part Ⅸ :第九部分：

混合堆肥co-composting分质供水系统dual-distribution system投资成本，投资费（用）capital costs

.建设成本，建设费（用）construction costs

运行成本，运行费（用）operating costs

能耗成本energy costs

运行维护operation and maintenance

运行控制operational control

控制系统control system

仪表 / 控制系统

instrumentation/control system

自动控制系统，自控系统

automatic control system

给排水环工 专业英语(华南理工大学)课文翻译 下

Unit 12 水的净化 水分子是没有记忆的，所以去讨论你所喝的水是被污染了并净化了多少次是可笑的（市没有意义的），好像水分子逐渐厌烦了（逐渐被耗尽了）。最重要的是你喝的水纯度如何。 对水的净化方法已发展到了很详细并且尖端的技术。然而通常采用的净化水的方法对水污染的性质的通常的理解应该是容易理解的，并在某些情况下是显而易见的。 水中的杂质可分为悬浮的，胶体态的或溶解态的。由于悬浮的颗粒大足以被沉淀或被过滤掉。胶体态的或溶解态的杂质较难以去除掉。去除他们的一个可能的方法是以某种方法把这些微小的颗粒物结合成比较大的颗粒然后采用去除悬浮物的方法来处理。另一种可能的方法是把他们转变为气态然后是他们从水中散发到大气中，无论采用哪一种方法，有一点必须记住的是提升水或用泵将水输送通过滤床都需要能量。 根据这些原则，来考虑用于净化城市污水的步骤。第一步是废水的收集系统。从家庭、医院、学校排放的水中的污染物包含食物残渣、人类排泄物、纸张、肥皂、洗涤剂、污垢、织物和其他混杂的残骸，当然还有微生物。这些混合物被称为厕所污水或生活污水。这里Sanitary 这个形容词比较不恰当，因为它几乎没有描述污水的情况，他只笼统地指人产生的污染物被污水管所排走）。这些污水，有时与污水管网中从商业建筑来的污染物、工业污染物及雨水污染物合流。有些体系把污水与雨水分流而有些是合流。合流制的管道便宜，并在旱季时是合理的，但在暴雨期时的总流量容易超过处理厂的容量，结果应允许有些水溢流而直接进入受体河流中。 初级处理 当污水进入处理厂时，首先通过一系列的格栅以去除其中大的物体如老鼠或葡萄柚，然后通过一个磨碎装置以便把剩余的物体的大小减小至足够小以至在后续的工艺中可以有效的处理。下一步是一系列的沉淀室来去除重的粗沙例如雨水冲刷路面带入的沙粒，然后其他悬浮的固体（包括有机营养物）缓慢的沉淀而得到去除，这个过程需耗时大约一小时。从开始到这个过程的整个工艺称为处级处理，这一级处理的费用相对低，但是没有完成多少任务。 二级处理 接下来的一系列步骤是企图通过某些强化的生物作用来减少大部分溶解态或细小的悬浮有机物质。分解有机物需要氧气和生物体及有利于提供营养的环境。可达到上述目的的一个装置是滴滤池。在此装置中，石头滤床上布有回转布水器，以便把污水（均匀的）连续的分布。当污水以水滴流过石头滤料时，在有氧的情况下向大量的没有驯化过得生物体提供了营养。 另一种方法是活性污泥法。在这里，污水在经过初级处理后被泵到一个曝气池中，然后与空气及含有细菌的污泥混合几个小时。在活性污泥法中进行的生物反应与滴滤池中的相似。污泥中的细菌代谢有机物； 而作为二级消费者的原生动物以细菌为食。经二级处理过的水流入沉淀池，在那里进行充满细菌的污泥沉淀下来然后回流到反应器中。并且为了操持稳定必须去除掉一部分污泥。与滴滤池相比活性污泥法所需的土地面积小，并且由于活性污泥法暴露于空气的面积小结果他发出的臭味也比滴滤池的少。 从生物处理过的出水仍然含有细菌，不宜于排放入地表水，更不用说排放入水源地。既然微生物已经完成了任务，现在可以把他们杀死了。所以最后的步骤是进行消毒，通常采用氯来处理。在处理水最后排放前把氯气通入15分钟，这样可以杀死99%的有害的细菌。 三级处理或高级处理 尽管污水经过初级处理和二级处理后已经在很大程度上得到了净化，但对有些复杂的水污染来说仍然不够。第一在生活污水中的许多污染物没有被去除掉，并且一些硝酸盐和磷酸盐等无机离子仍然留在处理过的水中，正如我们知道的，这些污染物作为植物营养物，是造成富营养化的因素。 1.絮凝沉淀 在讨论生物处理前提到过把细小的颗粒物转变为大的颗粒有利于他们的快速沉淀。对无机污染物来说也是如此。许多无机胶体颗粒是亲水性的，他们比较易于吸附于水分子；在他们吸附于水分子过程中又会席卷许多其他胶体颗粒从而不容易在合理（较短的）时间内沉淀下去。

给排水专业英语(上)

1】 Professional English on Water Supply and Sewerage Engineering 给水排水工程专业英语drains for water-carried wastes 污水处理(排污水的排水管道) a settling reservoir 预沉池aqueduct 渠道，导水管 filtration 过滤distillation 蒸馏clarification 澄清coagulation血凝 stone-grated 格栅、格网turbidity 浊度cistern 蓄水池、槽gpcd 每日每人加仑数coagulant 混凝剂combined sewers 合流制排水管道prehistoric word 石器时代rapid-sand filter 快砂滤池water supply and wastewater disposal facilities给排水处理设施per capita 按人口平均计算ferment 发酵toxic 有毒的 These cisterns provided a daily average supply of about 4.2 gallons per capita per day(gpcd).这些贮水池仅能提供每人每天4.2加仑的水量 The connection was established between a contaminated water supply and spread of the disease, and it was determined that the absence of effective sewerage was a major hindrance in combating the problem. 人们发现疾病的传播和饮用水受到污染有关，并由此确定缺少有效的排水系统是解决这一问题的主要障碍。 2】 The exterior network 室外管网distribution systems 配水系统 communication pipe引入管 a meter box 水表节点/盒pressure booster增压装置storage tank 储水箱 a piping line管道water-dispensing fixtures配水器具water meter 水表flange 法兰；阀门gate valve 闸阀deaerator除氧器incorporate 合并fixture trap 存水弯plumbing fixture 卫生器具manhole 检查井fire-protection 消防 The function of a drainage system in a building is to remove safely and quickly sanitary sewage, industrial wastes, and rainwater.室内排水系统的作用是为了安全快速地排出生活污水、工业废水和雨水。 The pressure boosters serve to raise pressure in the house system when the guaranteed pressure in the supply main is lower than required to feed water to high-level and remote consumers.当市政给水管提供的压力低于较高或较远处用户需要的压力时，可在室内给水系统中设增压装置来提高压力。 A sanitary drainage system(Fixture4) consists essentially of plumbing fixtures 3(which receive and discharge water, liquid , or water-borne wastes) , fixture traps 2 (which maintain a water seal against gases, air , and odours), and drainage piping 1.生活排水系统（图4）的基本组成包括：卫生器具3（用于接收和排出污水、液体或水中携带的废物）、存水弯2（保存一定量的水以防止有害气体、空气和臭味逸出）和排水管系1。 3】 Infiltrate 渗入penetrate渗透hydrology 水文学urban hydrologic cycle 城市水文循环surface runoff 地表径流water distribution systems 给水管网/分配系统configuration形式grid systems环状管网branching systems 枝状管网elevation高度、扬程 leakage rates漏损率booster pumps增压泵pressure reducing valves 减压阀an essential prerequisite 必要条件hydraulic analysis 水力分析the continuity equation 连续性方程grid 格子the energy equation能量方程/伯努利方程head loss水头损失the dimensionless number无量纲数eliminate消去external discharges外部流量 a correction factor 校正因子/流量topography地形学The summation “q” sub “i” is zero.

蓝梅主编 给排水科学与工程专业英语部分课文翻译中文版

第四单元给水系统 一般来说，供水系统可划分为四个主要组成部分:（1）水源和取水工程（2）水处理和存储（3）输水干管和配水管网。常见的未处理的水或者说是原水的来源是像河流、湖泊、泉水、人造水库之类的地表水源以及像岩洞和水井之类的地下水源。修建取水构筑物和泵站是为了从这些水源中取水。原水通过输水干管输送到自来水厂进行处理并且处理后的出水储存到清水池。处理的程度取决于原水的水质和出水水质要求。有时候，地下水的水质是如此的好以至于在供给给用户之前只需消毒即可。由于自来水厂一般是根据平均日需求流量设计的，所以，清水池为水需求日变化量提供了一个缓冲区。 水通过输水干管长距离输送。如果输水干管中的水流是通过泵所产生的压力水头维持的，那么我们称这个干管为增压管。另外，如果输水干管中的水流是靠由于高差产生的可获得的重力势能维持的，那么我们称这个干管为重力管。在输水干管中没有中间取水。与输水干管类似，在配水管网中水流的维持要么靠泵增压，要么靠重力势能。一般来说，在平坦地区，大的配水管网中的水压是靠泵提供的，然而，在不平坦的地区，配水管网中的压力水头是靠重力势能维持的。 一个配水管网通过引入管连接配水给用户。这样的配水管网可能有不同的形状，并且这些形状取决于这个地区的布局。一般地，配水管网有环状或枝状的管道结构，但是，根据当地城市道路和街区总体布局计划，有时候环状和枝状结构合用。城市配水管网大多上是环状形式，然而，乡村地区的管网是枝状形式。由于供水服务可靠性要求高，环状管网优于枝状管网。 配水管网的成本取决于对管网的几何形状合适的选择。城市计划采用的街道布局的选择对提供一个最小成本的供水系统来说是重要的。环状管网最常见的两个供水结构是方格状、环状和辐射状；然而，我们不可能找到一个最佳的几何形状而使得成本最低。 一般地，城镇供水系统是单入口环状管系统。如上所说，环状系统有一些通过系统相互连接的管道使得通过这些连接接的管道，可以供水到同一个需水点。与枝状系统不同，在环状系统中，由于需水量在空间和时间上的变化，管道中的水流方向并非不变。 环状管网可为系统提供余量，提高系统应对局部变化的能力，并且保证管道故障时为用户供水。从水质方面来说，环状形状可减少水龄，因此被推广。管道的尺寸和配水系统的设计对减少水龄来说是重要的因素。由于多方向水流模式和系统中流动模式随时间的变化，水不会停留在一个地方，这样减少了水龄。环状配水系统的优缺点如表4.1所述。 优点:1.Minimize loss of services.as main breaks can be isolated due to multidirectional flow to demand points.2.Reliability for fire protection is higher due to redundancy in the system.3.Likely to meet increase in water demand -higher capacity and lower velocities.4.Better residual chlorine due to in line mixing and fewer dead ends. 5.Reduced water age. 在文献中曾记载过，只考虑最低成本设计的环状管网系统会转化成树状似的结构，这一做法导致在最终的设计中失去最初的几何形状。环状保证了系统的可靠性。因此，一个只考虑最低成本为依据的设计打败了在环状管网中所提供的基本功能。有文献记载设计环状管网系统的方法。尽管这个方法也是仅以考虑最低成本为基础，它通过对管网中所有管道最优化规划从而保持了管网的环状结构。

给排水专业英语词汇汇总

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建筑工程及给排水专业中英文对照翻译

Laminar and Turbulent Flow Observation shows that two entirely different types of fluid flow exist. This was demon- strated by Osborne Reynolds in 1883 through an experiment in which water was discharged from a tank through a glass tube. The rate of flow could be controlled by a valve at the outlet, and a fine filament of dye injected at the entrance to the tube. At low velocities, it was found that the dye filament remained intact throughout the length of the tube, showing that the particles of water moved in parallel lines. This type of flow is known as laminar, viscous or streamline, the particles of fluid moving in an orderly manner and retaining the same relative positions in successive cross- sections. As the velocity in the tube was increased by opening the outlet valve, a point was eventually reached at which the dye filament at first began to oscillate and then broke up so that the colour was diffused over the whole cross-section, showing that the particles of fluid no longer moved in an orderly manner but occupied different relative position in successive cross-sections. This type of flow is known as turbulent and is characterized by continuous small fluctuations in the magnitude and direction of the velocity of the fluid particles, which are accompanied by corresponding small fluctuations of pressure. When the motion of a fluid particle in a stream is disturbed, its inertia

给排水专业英语汇总88209

UNIT 1 给水工程water supply engineering 排水工程sewetage engineering 市政工程civil engineering 市政工程师civil engineer 环境工程environmental engineering 水文学hydrology 水力学hydranlies 水环境natural aquatic environment 流域watershed 水体waterbody 地表水surface water 新鲜水freshwater 地下水groundwater 含水层aquifer 天然含水层natural aquifer 地下含水层underground aquifer 水文循环natural hydrologic cycle 渗滤infiltration 降水precipitation 渗入precolation 蒸发evaporation 蒸腾transpiration 城市水文循环urban hydrologic cycle 水源water source 水资源water resource 取水water withdrawal 水处理water treatment 配水water distribution 用水water use 污水wastewater 废水abwasser 废水收集wastewater collection 废水处理wastewater disposal 受纳水体receiving waters 污染pollution pollute 污染物pollntant 玷污、污染contamination 致污物contaminant 未污染uncontaminated 水污染water pollution 水污染控制water pollution control 水污染防治water pollution prevention 污水回用wastewater reuse UNIT 2 水短缺water scarcity 地表水资源surface water resource 管网Pipe Network 供水系统water supply system 市政配水系统municipal distribution system 建筑给水系统house water supply system 分区供水系统dual distribution system 小区micro district 小社区small community 冷水供水系统cold water supply system 热水供水系统hot water supply system 消防系统fire protection system 喷淋系统fire protection sprinkler system 自动水幕系统automatic drencher system 半自动水幕系统 semi automatic drencher system 消火栓hydrant 排水系统drainage system 生活排水系统sanitary system 工业排水系统industrial system 雨水排水系统stormwater system 合流制combined sewers 分流制separate sewers 建筑排水系统building drainage system 卫生洁具plumbing fixtures 卫浴设备bathroom fixtures 输水系统water transmission system 漏水率leakage rate 配水系统water distribution system 环状管网grid system 支状管网branching system 下水管道sanitary sewer 污水节流管intercepting sewer 污水节流系统intercepting sewer system 污水节流井sewage intercepting cell 支管collection sewer collector sewer 生活污水sanitary sewage domestic sewage domestic wastewater 工业污水industrial wastewater 工业污水/液/物industrial wastes 农业用水agricultural wastewater/wastes 雨水rainwater stormwater 水位waterlevel 海拔、标高elevation 坡度grade 倾斜度slope 明渠Open channel

给排水专业英语汇总.docx

. UNIT1污水wastewater 给水工程water supply engineering废水abwasser 排水工程sewetage engineering废水收集wastewater collection 市政工程civil engineering废水处理wastewater disposal 市政工程师civil engineer受纳水体receiving waters 环境工程environmental engineering污染pollutionpollute 水文学hydrology污染物pollntant 水力学hydranlies玷污、污染contamination 水环境natural aquatic environment致污物contaminant 流域watershed未污染uncontaminated 水体waterbody水污染water pollution 地表水surface water水污染控制water pollution control 新鲜水freshwater水污染防治water pollution prevention 地下水groundwater污水回用wastewater reuse 含水层aquifer UNIT2 天然含水层natural aquifer水短缺water scarcity 地下含水层underground aquifer地表水资源surface water resource 水文循环natural hydrologic cycle管网Pipe Network 渗滤infiltration供水系统water supply system 降水precipitation市政配水系统municipal distribution system 渗入precolation建筑给水系统 house water supply system 蒸发evaporation分区供水系统dual distribution system 蒸腾transpiration小区micro district 城市水文循环urban hydrologic cycle小社区small community 水源water source冷水供水系统cold water supply system 水资源water resource热水供水系统hot water supply system 取水water withdrawal消防系统fire protection system 水处理water treatment喷淋系统 fire protection sprinkler system 配水water distribution自动水幕系统automatic drencher system 用水water use半自动水幕系统 semi automatic drencher system 消火栓hydrant 排水系统drainage system 生活排水系统sanitary system 工业排水系统industrial system 雨水排水系统stormwater system 合流制combined sewers 分流制separate sewers 建筑排水系统building drainage system 卫生洁具plumbing fixtures 卫浴设备bathroom fixtures 输水系统water transmission system 漏水率leakage rate 配水系统water distribution system 环状管网grid system 支状管网branching system 下水管道sanitary sewer 污水节流管intercepting sewer 污水节流系统intercepting sewer system 污水节流井sewage intercepting cell 支管collection sewer collector sewer 生活污水sanitary sewage domestic sewage domestic wastewater 工业污水industrial wastewater 工业污水 / 液 / 物 industrial wastes 农业用水agricultural wastewater/wastes 雨水rainwater stormwater 水位waterlevel 海拔、标高elevation

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Trench n.沟，渠 Cistern n.蓄水池，储水器Drainage n.排水，排水设备，排水的水 Foul n.污浊的 Siphon n.虹吸（管）；用虹吸管输送Settle n.澄清，（使）沉淀Hydraulic a.水力学的 Distillation n.蒸馏（法） Still n.蒸馏器 Filtration n.过滤 Clarification n.澄清，净化Coagulation n.絮凝，混凝 Sanitation n.（环境）卫生Sedimentation n.沉淀，沉积 Grate v.装格栅于 Basin n.水池，水槽 Catch basin 集水池，沉水池Lagoon n.污水池 Patent vt，n.为……取得专利，专利，专利品 Anticipate vt.促进 Turbidity n.浑浊性，浑浊度Coagulant n.混凝剂，凝结剂Modification n.改变，改进，改良Toxic a.有毒的，中毒的Pathogenic a.致病的，病原的Microorganism n.微生物Congregate v.聚集 Contaminate v.污染，弄脏Precipitate v.降水，沉降Precipitation n.沉降物（如雨，雪等）Contaminant n.污染物质Hydrological a.水文学的 Nutrient n.养分，养料 Medium n.介质，培养基 Microbial a.微生物的，细菌的Algae n.藻类，海藻 Protozoa n.原生动物 Inorganics n.无机物 Seep vi.渗入 Effluent n.污水，废水 Epidemic n.流行病，时疫 Trace n.痕量，微量，微量金属Monitor v.检验（放射性污染物）Bacteriology n.细菌学 Discharge n.排泄（水汽），排泄物Annual a.一年一度的，每年的Typhoid n.伤寒 Cholera n.霍乱 Round n.循环，周期 Eradicate vt.根除，杜绝 Lay down 制定，提出Superimpose vt.添加，附加 Distil v.蒸馏 Distillation n.蒸馏法Electrodialysis n.电渗析 Brackish a.稍咸的 Estuary n.河口，海湾 Osmosis n.渗透性 Estuarine a,河口的，港湾的Barrage n.拦河坝 Sterilize vt.消毒，杀菌 Wholesome a.卫生的，有益于健康的Injurious a.有害的 Conductive a.有助于……的，促进的Be conductive to 对……有益的Constituent n.组成物，构成物 Turbid a.浑浊的，混乱的 Pathogen n.病原体，病菌Sedimentation n.沉积法，沉积作用Flocculate v.絮凝，绒聚Flocculating agent 絮凝剂 Settlting n.沉淀 Settling out 沉淀出来 Coarse a.粗粒的，大的 Floc n.絮体，絮凝物体 Filtration n.过滤，澄清 Chlorinate vt.用氯消毒 Sanitary properties 卫生系数（性能，特点等） Colloidal a.胶体（状，质）的Suspension n.悬浮（液），悬浮（体）Portability a.可饮用 Detract v.降低，减损 Rayon n.人造丝 Cellulose n.纤维素 Starch n.淀粉

给排水专业英语Unit14

Unit14 Activated sludge process The activated sludge process is now the most widely used biological process for treatment of municipal and industrial wastewaters. Activated sludge process was developed in England in 1914 and was so named because it involved the production of an activated mass of microorganisms capable of aerobic stabilization of the organic content of wastewater. The basic activated sludge process is illustrated by Figure 14.1. The mixture of influent wastewater commonly coming from primary clarifier and returning activated sludge is known as mixed liquor. In activated sludge process, the mixed liquor flows to aeration tank in which the microorganisms responsible for treatment are kept in suspension and aerated. In the aeration tank, contact time is provided for mixing and aerating influent wastewater. Aeration serves at least three important functions (1) mixing the mixed liquor, (2) keeping the activated sludge in suspension, and (3) supplying the oxygen to the biochemical reactions necessary for the stabilization of the wastewater. Once the mixed liquor has received sufficient treatment, excess mixed liquor is discharge into secondary clarifier. The function of the secondary clarifier is to separate the activated sludge solids from the mixed liquor. These solids represent the colloidal and dissolved solids that were originally present in the wastewater. In the aeration unit they were incorporated into the activated sludge floc, which are settleable solids. The separation of these solids, a critical step in the activated sludge process, is accomplished in the secondary or final settling tanks. The excess sludge must be removed before it loses its activity because of the death of the aerobic organisms resulting from lack of oxygen at the bottom of the tank. The most common practice is to waste from the sludge return line. Sometimes waste sludge return line. Sometimes waste sludge is removed by withdrawing mixed liquor directly from the aeration tank. The wasted mixed liquor can then be discharged to a thickening tank or to the primary tanks where the sludge settles and mixes with the raw primary sludge. The waste sludge is further thickened by final sedimentation, centrifuging, or flotation thickening and then treated by biological or chemical means. Since the activated sludge process came into common use , a number of modifications of the conventional activated sludge process have been developed to meet specific treatment objectives: (1) Complete-mix activated sludge process: A completely mixed system can allow a more uniform aeration of the wastewater in the aeration tank. This process has been applied to handle a variety of wastewater with great success, especially because the process can sustain shocks and toxic loads. (2) Step-aeration activated sludge process: In this modified system, influent wastewater is introduced at several point along the aeration tank length. This leads to a relatively homogenous load distribution along the length of the aeration tank resulting in a more efficient use of dissolved oxygen. (3) Contact-stabilization activated sludge: The influent contacts with a high concentration of biomass in a small contact tank of short of time (20 to 40 min). In this contact tank, a rapid biosorption of organic compounds is expected followed by the oxidation of the organic. This system would need smaller tankage and produce smaller amounts of biosolids. (4) Tapered aeration process: In the basic activated sludge process, organic influent is one-point loaded to the head of aeration tank, thus the oxygen demand is extremely high at the head of the aeration tank but very low at the exit end.

(建议下载)最全给水排水专业英语单词表

abrade [?'breid]v. 摩擦,磨损 accelerated gravity settling [?k'sel?reitid]回速重力沉降 acidic [?'sidik] adj. 酸的,酸性的 adhesion [?d'hi:??n]n. 附着力，,胶粘 advanced oxidation 高级氧化 advanced treatment 高级处理 aggregation [?gri'gei??n]n. ,聚合,集合体 aging ['eid?i?]n. 衰老，老化，陈化 air diffuser [di'fju:z?]气体扩散器 air stripping ['stripi?]空气吹脱，气提 alkalinity [,?lk?'lin?ti] n.【化学】碱性；碱度 alum ['?l?m]n. 明矾，矾 aluminum sulfate [,?lju'mini?m,,?l?'mini?m]['s?lfeit]硫酸铝 amendment [?'mendm?nt]n. 改善,改良,改正 amnio ['?mni?u]adj. 氨基的 anaerobic [?ne?'r?ubik]adj. 厌氧的 ancillary [?n'sil?ri]adj. 辅助的, 附属的 approach velocity [vi'l?siti]行近流速 approximation [?,pr?ksi'mei??n]n. 接近，近似 Aquaclude 不透水层，难渗透水的地层 aquatic [?'kw?tik] adj.1. 水的，水上的，水生的；水栖的n. 水生动物,水草 aquifer ['?kw?f?]['?kwif?] n.含水层，地下蓄水层 auxiliary [?:g'zilj?ri]辅助的，补助的 backwashing 反冲洗 百度文库爱是看得见萨科技的沃尔克我去额咳咳，省得麻烦迫ballast ['b?l?st] n. 整流器，压舱物，道碴 ballasted flocculent settling ['b?l?st]加重絮凝沉淀

给水排水专业英语

一、通用术语 给水排水工程的通用术语及其涵义应符合下列规定： 1、给水工程water supply engineering 原水的取集和处理以及成品水输配的工程。 2、排水工程sewerage ,wastewater engineering 收集、输送、处理和处置废水的工程。 3、给水系统water supply system 给水的取水、输水、水质处理和配水等设施以一定方式组合成的总体。 4、排水系统sewerage system 排水的收集、输送、水质处理和排放等设施以一定方式组合成的总体。 5、给水水源water source 给水工程所取用的原水水体。 6、原水raw water 由水源地取来的原料水。 7、地表水surface water 存在于地壳表面，暴露于大气的水。 8、地下水ground water 存在于地壳岩石裂缝或工壤空隙中的水。 9、苦咸水(碱性水) brackish water ,alkaline water 碱度大于硬度的水，并含大量中性盐，PH值大于7。 10、淡水fresh water 含盐量小于500mg/L的水。 11、冷却水cooling water 用以降低被冷却对象温度的水。 12、废水wastewater 居民活动过程中排出的水及径流雨水的总称。它包括生活污水、工业废水和初雨径流以及流入排水管渠的其它水。 13、污水sewage ,wastewater 受一定污染的来自生活和生产的排出水。 14、用水量water consumption 用水对象实际使用的水量。 15、污水量wastewater flow ,sewage flow 排水对象排入污水系统的水量。 16、用水定额water flow norm 对不同的排水对象，在一定时期内制订相对合理的单位排水量的数值。 17、排水定额wastewater flow norm 对不同的排水对象，在一定时期内制订相对合理的单位排水量的数值。 18、水质water quality 在给水排水工程中，水的物理、化学、生物学等方面的性质。 19、渠道channel ,conduit 天然、人工开凿、整治或砌筑的输水通道。 20、泵站pumping house 设置水泵机组、电气设备和管道、闸阀等的房屋。 21、泵站pumping station 泵房及其配套设施的总称。 22、给水处理water treatment 对不符合用不对象水质要求的水。进行水质改善的过程。 23、污水处理sewage treatment ,wastewater treatment 为使污水达到排水某一水体或再次使用的水质要求，对其进行净化的过程。 24、废水处理wastewater disposal 对废水的最终安排。一般将废水排入地表水体、排放土地和再次使用等。 25、格栅bar screen 一种栅条形的隔污设备，用以拦截水中较大尺寸的漂浮物或其他杂物。 26、曝气aeration 水与气体接触，进行溶氧或散除水中溶解性气体和挥发性物质的过程。 27、沉淀sedimentation 利用重力沉降作用去除水中杂物的过程。 28、澄清clarification 通过与高浓度沉渣层的接触而去除水中杂物的过程。 29、过滤filtration 借助粒状材料或多孔介质截除水中质物的过程。 30、离子交换法ion exchange 采用离子交换剂去除水中某些盐类离子的过程。 31、氯化chlorination 在水中投氯或含氯氧化物方法消灭病原体的过程。 32、余氯residual chlorine 水中投氯，经一定时间接触后，在水中余留的游离性氯和结合性氯的总和。 33、游离性余氯free residual chlorine 水中以次氯酸和次氯酸盐形态存在的余氯。 34、结合性余氯combinative residual chlorine 水中以二氯胺和一氯胺形态存在的余氯。 35、污泥sludge 在水处理过程中产生的，以及排水管渠中沉积的固体与水的混合物或胶体物。 36、污泥处理sludge treatment 对污泥的最终安排。一般将污泥作农肥、制作建筑材料、填埋和投弃等。 37、水头损失head loss 水流通过管渠、设备和构筑物等所引起的能量消耗。 二、室外给水术语 1> 给水工程中系统和水量方面的术语及其涵度，应符合下列符合下列规定： 1、直流水系统once through system 水经过一次使用后即行排放或处理后排放的给水系统。 2、复用水系统water reuse system 水经重复利用后再行排放或处理后排放的给水系统。 3、循环水系统recirculation system 水经使用后不予排放而循环利用或处理后循环利用的给水系统。