初中英语定语从句

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-定语从句关系代词关系副词第19讲_定语从句

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定语从句

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一、定义

在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句，被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，通常位于定语从句之前。引导定语从句的有关系代词who, whom, whose, which, that等和关系副词where, when, why等。关系代词和关系副词，既起到连接作用，又在定语从句中担任句子成份。总结定语从句的一般结构为：先行词+关系词+定语从句。

二、关系代词

1.关系代词指代先行词，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语，基本用法如下表：

注意：一般情况下，that既可以指人又可以指物，可以代替who, whom和which，在句子中充当主语、宾语或表语；which指物，在从句中也做主语、宾语或表语，所以which和that在指物时，大多时候可以互换，如：This is the movie that I like best.

=This is the movie which I like best.

这就是我最喜欢的电影。

2.关系代词的省略

一般情况下，关系代词作宾语时可以省略，但若关系代词在从句中作介词宾语，且介词在关系代词前，不能省略，如：

I’ll never forget the day that we spent together.

我永远都不会忘记与你共度的时光。（可省略）

I’ll never forget the day on which we met each other.

我永远不会忘记我们初次见面那一天。（不可省）

三、关系副词

注意：与关系代词不同，关系副词在从句中作状语，状语并不是句子必须成分，所以即使没有关系副词，从句的内容也完整。这是关系副词与关系代词最大的不同，也是我们选题的关键。同时，关系副词大多可以拆分成介词+which的形式，如：

This is the house where Luxun once lived.

=This is the house in which Luxun once lived.

这是鲁迅曾经住过的房子。

三点剖析

一、考点延伸

我们都知道，若先行词为物，关系词可以用that或which，而且大多数可以互换。但以下几种情况，必须用that引导定语从句：

1.先行词是不定代词all, few, little, much, something, nothing, anything 等，如：

All that we have to do is to practice English.

我们要做的事情就是去练习英语。

2.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，如：

The first letter that I got from him will be kept.

我收到他的第一封信将会被保存起来。

3.先行词被all, any, every, each, few, little, no, some等修饰，如：

I’ve eaten up all the food that you gave me.

我把你给我的所有事物都吃光了。

4.先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时，如：

He is the only person that I want to talk with.

他是我唯一想与之交谈的人。

5.先行词既有人又有物时，如:

They talked about persons and things that they met.

他们谈论了他们见到的人和事。

二、方法总结

定语从句考查形式比较单一，单选一般考关系词的选择。在学习定语从句过程中，我们会发现，关系词的选择往往跟先行词有着很大关联，比如先行词是人往往用“who”或“whom”，先行词为物往往用“which”或“that”等，所以我们很容易根据先行词判断出关系词选谁最合适。初中阶段我们要求会判断定语从句中的关系词，并能在作文中写出简单的定语从句。高中会系统讲解定语从句，所以我们在初中阶段还要了解从句中的各个成分，为之后的学习做好准备。题模精讲

题模一关系代词

例1.1、

---What shall we do next?

---Take the advice _________ is given by Dr. Bloch.

A、w ho

B、w hich

C、w hose

D、w hom

例1.2、

The Palace Museum is the best place _________ I’ve ever visited.

A、w ho

B、w hen

C、t hat

D、w here

例1.3、

完成句子

1. 你有什么要对自己说的吗？

Do you have _________ _________ you want to say for yourself?

2. 这是我父亲曾经住过的房子。

This is a house in _________ my father once lived.

题模二关系副词

例2.1、

This is the primary school _________ I studied three years ago.

A、w here

B、w hen

C、t hat

D、w hich

例2.2、

Do you remember the days _________ we spent in Sanya?

A、w hen

B、t hat

C、w hat

D、w here

例2.3、

完成句子

你知道他缺席的原因吗？

Do you know the reason _________ he is absent?

随堂练习

随练1.1、

The book_________ is sold out at the moment.

A、y ou need

B、w hat you need

C、w hich you need it

D、t hat you need it

随练1.2、

The second book _________ I want to read is Business @ the Speed of Thought.

A、w hich

B、w hat

C、t hat

D、a s

随练1.3、

I'm one of the boys _________ never late for school.

A、t hat is

B、w ho are

C、w ho am

D、w ho is

随练1.4、

完成句子

1. 人们都喜欢那些有礼貌的人。

People all like those _________ have good manners.

2. 这是我障碍寻找的那本书。

This is the book _________ I’m looking for.

3. 这是我看过的最有趣的电影。

This is _________ _________ interesting _________ _________ I’ve ever seen.

4. 我还记得第一次来北京的那一天。

I still remember the day _________ I first came to Beijing.

5. 你能告诉我他上班的办公室吗？

Can you tell me the office _________ he works?

随练1.5、

Is this the place _________ Lincoln once lived.

A、t hat

B、w hich

C、w here

D、w hen

随练1.6、

I'll never forget the days _________ I stayed with you.

A、w hen

B、i n which

C、t hat

D、f or which

自我总结

能力拓展

拓展1、

---Do you know the man _________ is talking with your father?

---Yes, he’s our headmaster.

A、h e

B、w ho

C、w hich

D、w hom

拓展2、

Is this the river _________ I can swim?

A、w hich

B、i n which

C、t hat

D、t he one

拓展3、

This is the best hotel in the city _________ I know.

A、w here

B、w hich

C、t hat

D、i t

拓展4、

Her sister, _________ you met at my home, was a teacher of English.

A、w hom

B、t hat

C、w hich

D、w ho is

拓展5、

These books are for students _________ mother language is not English.

A、o f whom

B、t hat

C、w hich

D、w hose

拓展6、

完成句子

1. 有一些想去海南度假的人。

There are some people _________ want to have a holiday in Hainan.

2. 刚才天空中一闪而过的是什么？

What’s that _________ flashed in the sky just now.

3. 这是去武汉的最后一趟火车。

The train is _________ _________ _________ will go to Wuhan.

4. 我永远都不会忘记我在北京度过的那些日子。

I’ll never forget the days _________ I spent in Beijing.

5. 中国是风筝的故乡，从这里放风筝传到了日本、朝鲜、泰国和印度。China is the birthplace of kites, from _________ kite flying spreads to Japan, Korea, Thailand and India.

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