2019届高考英语一轮复习阅读理解强化练习：(3)议论文(一)

议论文（一）

A

(2017届湖南省长沙市高三英语5月模拟)

If you want to convince the boss you deserve a pay rise or promotion, the solution could be simple—eat the same food as they do.Psychologists have discovered managers are much more likely to instantly trust us if we choose the same dishes as them.

During experiments, discussions over wages and work conditions were much more successful if both sides chose to snack on the same treats.And shoppers were much more likely to buy a product advertised on TV by someone eating a similar food to them at the time.

The reason is thought to be so-called similarity attraction theory—where people tend to like others who have similar tastes or habits to themselves.But this is believed to be one of the first studies highlighting the role of food in this relationship.Researchers at Chicago University in the US conducted a series of experiments to examine food's role in earning trust.

In a test, participants were told to watch TV—where someone pretending to be a member of the public praised a certain product.The volunteers were given Kit Kat bars to nibble, while the TV people ate either a Kit Kat or grapes as they talked.

The results showed viewers were much more likely to express an interest in buying the product if the TV showed the other person eating a Kit Kat too.

The researchers added, “Although similarity in food consumption is not a sign of whether two people will get along, we find consumers treat this as such.They feel more trusting of those who consume as they do.It means people can immediately begin to feel friendship and develop a bond, leading to smoother transactions from the start.”

Harley Street psychologist Dr.Lucy Atcheson said it was already known that wearing similar clothes could instantly create trust.But this was the first report that food had the same effect.She said, “This is really interesting.It makes sense as people feel they have common ground and can trust the other person.That means negotiations are more likely to be successful.”

1．According to the passage, customers are likely to buy a product from a dealer who ________.

A．has the same taste as them

B．advertises his products on TV

C．reduces the price of his products

D．pays attention to the quality of his products

2．The experiments conducted by researchers at Chicago University show that ________.

A．food plays an important role in earning people's trust

B．bosses like employees that have the same taste as them

C．people who have similar tastes to their boss's earn more

D．people have less interest in buying products advertised on TV

3．What can be inferred from the passage?

A．People who eat similar food are more likely to trust each other.

B．People will get along with each other if they like to eat similar things.

C．The effect of wearing similar clothes hasn't been proved by researchers.

D．People are more likely to make friends with those wearing the same clothes as them.

4．Which of the following sayings can be an example of the similarity attraction theory?

A．Honesty is the best policy.

B．All good things come to an end.

C．Birds of a feather flock together.

D．Where there is a will, there is a way.

本文是一篇议论文，介绍了说服老板加薪的方法，论述了在食物方面品味接近的人容易产生信任。

1．A 细节理解题。根据第二段的“And shoppers were much more likely to buy a product advertised on TV by someone eating a similar food to them at the time.”可知，A项正确。

2．A 细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“The results showed viewers were much more likely to express an interest in buying the product if the TV showed the other person eating a Kit Kat too.”可知，A项正确。

3．A 推理判断题。倒数第二段提到吃的东西相同或相似的两个人更容易获得对方的信任。

4．C 推理判断题。本文论述了在食物方面品味接近的人容易产生信任，这与C项的“物以类聚”是一个道理，故选C。

B

(2016年沈阳市高三教学质量检测一)

When going through major life changes, like changing careers, I would change the people with whom I spent the most time.We've all gone through periods when the people in our lives have changed—graduation, moving to a new city, getting a new job, joining a new club, etc.I don't think I need to convince you just how much influence other people can have over your identity.If you've ever experienced a major switch in your people environment, then you know that you change as well.

Most people don't make these choices consciously (意识到地) though.You might consciously decide to spend more time with a certain friend, or you may ask someone out on a date to begin a new relationship.But few people choose their existing friendships deliberately.

There's no “getting rid of people”．People are always dropping into and out of each other's lives.Associations grow into friendships, and friendships fade into associations.You don't get rid of anyone.The truth is that in order to make room for new people and new experiences, you may need to loosen up some of your existing connections.

What about loyalty (忠诚)? Shouldn't you always be loyal to your friends? Once you have a close friend, even if his influence on you is slightly harmful, shouldn't you stick by him?

Loyalty to a friend sometimes means having to let go.It means being loyal to his highest and best self as well.If someone is destroying his health by smoking, for example, you aren't showing loyalty by smoking right along with him.True loyalty sometimes requires that you break damaging connections, get yourself back on solid ground, and then decide what you can really do to help your friend.

It can take a lot of courage to tell someone, “I'm sorry, but I can't have you in m y life anymore.” But even though this might seem like a selfish act at times, it's often the best thing for the other person too.If a relationship is holding you back in some way, understand that it's also hurting the other person.For example, if you work for a violent boss, your acceptance of that situation is considered to be silent approval, encouraging your boss to continue to behave violently.

1．When experiencing major life changes, people may ________.

A．join a new social community

B．influence their friends around

C．choose their friendships purposely

D．have their people environment changed

2．What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 mean?

A．Everyone has at least one friend.

B．It is unnecessary to make new friends.

C．Friendship still exists though there are fewer connections.

D．You ought to treat your old and new friends equally.

3．What is the author's opinion on the loyalty to friends?

A．Never betray your close friends whatever happens.

B．Correct their mistakes while you guard their goodness.

C．Stick by your friends even though they do harm to you.

D．Break up with your friends immediately if they smoke.

4．How should we behave when employed by a violent boss?

A．We should accept what we are told to do.

B．We should stay silent and be in favour of him.

C．We should bravely disobey him if he is wrong.

D．We should give our boss courage to continue.

本文是一篇议论文，讲述了人的一生会经历很多的改变，从而告诉我们：如何适应改变以及怎样做才是对朋友真正的忠诚。

1．D细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“When going through major life changes...you've ever experienced a major switch in yo ur people environment”可知，当经历人生重大改变时，人们也会经历人际环境的改变。故选D。

2．C 句意理解题。根据画线句后的“People are always dropping into and out of each...you may need to loosen up some of your existing connections.”可知，尽管人们之间的联系少了，但友谊依然存在。故选C。

3．B 推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段的第二句和最后一句可知，作者对朋友忠诚的态度是纠正错误但要捍卫他们的优点。故选B。

4．C 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“your acceptance of that situation is considered to be silent approval, encouraging your boss to continue to behave violently”可知，如果老板错了，员工就要勇敢地不去服从。故选C。

C

(2016年福建高三单科质量检查)

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“We move quickly from one site to another on the web，” says Dr.Ted Selker, a computer scientist from Massachusetts, “and we are losing the ability to concentrate.” With millions of websites to choose from, the attention span of the average Internet user is just seconds.There are other digital distractions (分心) too: e-mail, instant messaging and quickie movies on websites.

Some people are worried about the effect on young people.“You need time to understand and think about what you read，” says Julia Wood, from London.“Young people search the net all the time and their brains become full of useless information but there is no time to make sense of it.I am trying to persuade my pupils to read more books, so that they concentrate on one subject for longer.”

Other teachers are trying more unusual methods to improve students' concentration.Anne Savan, from Wales, was so worried about her students that she started playing Mozart during her science lessons.She says that it had an amazing effect: “The music made them calmer, and their concentration was much better.”

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