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初中英语动词的用法总结

初中英语动词的用法总结
初中英语动词的用法总结

动词用法总结

方山三中郭秀林

1)表示动作中状态的词叫做动词。

2)根据其在句中的功能,动词可分为四类,分别是:实义动词(Notional Verb)、系动词(Link Verb)、助动词(Auxiliary Verb)、情态动词(Modal Verb)。说明:有些情况下,有些动词是兼类词,例如: We are having a meeting. He has gone to New York. (has 是助动词。)

3)动词根据其后是否带有宾语,可分为两类,分别是:及物动词(Transitive Verb)、不及物动词(Intransitive Verb),缩写形式分别为 vt. 和 vi.。

说明:同一动词有时可用作及物动词,有时可用作不及物动词。例如: She can dance and sing. 她能唱歌又能跳舞。(sing 在此用作不及物动词。) She can sing many English songs. 她能唱好多首英文歌曲。(sing 用作及物动词。)4)根据是否受主语的人称和数的限制,可分两类,分别是:限定动词(Finite Verb)、非限定动词(Non-finite Verb)例如: She sings very well. 她唱得很好。(sing 受主语 she 的限制,故用第三人称单数形式 sings。) She wants to learn English well. 她想学好英语。(to learn 不受主语 she 的限制,没有词形变化,是非限定动词。

说明:英语中共有三种非限定动词,分别是:动词不定式(Infinitive)、动名词(Gerund)、分词(Participle)。

5)动词有五种形态,分别是:原形(Original Form)、第三人称单数形式我们正在开会。(having 是实义动词。)他已去纽约。(Singular From in Third Personal)过去式、(Past Form)过去分词、(Past Participle)、现在分词(Present Participle)。

5.1 系动词 ?系动词亦称联系动词(Link Verb),作为系动词,它本身有词义,但不能单独用作谓语,后边必须跟表语(亦称补语),构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。

说明:有些系动词又是实义动词,该动词表达实义时,有词义,可单独作谓语,例如: He fell ill yesterday. 他昨天病了。(fell 是系动词,后跟补足语,说明主语情况。) He fell off the ladder. 他从梯子上摔下来。fell 是实义动词,单独作谓语。

1)状态系动词用来表示主语状态,只有 be 一词,例如:He is a teacher.

2)持续系动词用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,主要有 keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如: He always kept silent at meeting. This matter rests a mystery.

3)表像系动词用来表示"看起来像"这一概念,主要有seem, appear, look, 例如: He looks tired.

4)感官系动词感官系动词主要有 feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如: This kind of cloth feels very soft. This flower smells very sweet.

5)变化系动词这些系动词表示主语变成什么样,变化系

动词主要有 become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run. 例如: He became mad after that. 自那之后,他疯了。她没多长时间就富了。 She grew rich within a short time. 这种布手感很软。这朵花闻起来很香。他看起来很累。他看起来

很伤心。 He seems (to be) very sad. 他开会时总保持沉默。此事仍是一个谜。他是一名教师。(is 与补足语一起说明主

语的身份。)

6)终止系动词表示主语已终止动作,主要有 prove, trun out, 表达"证实","变成"之意,例如: The rumor proved false. 这谣言证实有假。他的计划终于成功了。(turn out The search proved difficult. 搜查证实很难。 His plan turned out a success. 表终止性结果)

5.2 什么是助动词

1)协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词(Auxiliary Verb)。被协助的动词称作主要动词助动词自

身没有词义,不可单独使用,例如: He doesn't like English.

他不喜欢英语。(doesn't 是助动词,无词义;like 是主要动词,有词义)

2)助动词协助主要动词完成以下功用,可以用来:

a. 表示时态,例如: He is singing.

b. 表示语态,例如: He was sent to England.

c. 构成疑问句,例如: Do you like college life? 过英

语吗? d. 构成否定句,例如: I don't like him. e. 加强语气,例如: Do come to the party tomorrow evening.

明天晚上一定来参加晚会。 He did know that. 他的确知道那件事。

3)最常用的助动词有:be, have, do, shall, will, should, would

5.3 助动词 be 的用法

1) be +现在分词,构成进行时态,例如: They are having

a meeting. 他们正在开会。 English is becoming more and

more important. 英语现在越来越重要。我不喜欢他。你喜欢大学生活吗?你来这儿之前学 Did you study English before you came here? 他被派往英国。他在唱歌。他已结婚。 He has got married.

2) be + 过去分词,构成被动语态,例如: The window was

broken by Tom.. 窗户是汤姆打碎的。 English is taught throughout the world.

3) be + 动词不定式,可表示下列内容:

a. 表示最近、未来的计划或安排,例如: He is to go to New York next week.. We are to teach the freshpersons.

b. 表示命令,例如: You are to explain this.

c. 征求意见,例如: How am I to answer him? Who is to go there?

d. 表示相约、商定,例如: We are to meet at the school gate at seven tomorrow morning. 我们明天早晨 7 点在校门口集合。

5.4 助动词 have 的用法 ?

1)have +过去分词,构成完成时态,例如: He has left for London. 他已去了伦敦。 By the end of last month, they had finished half of their work. 上月未为止,他们已经完成工作的一半。

2)have + been +现在分词,构成完成进行时,例如: I have been studying English for ten years. 我一直在学英语,已达十年之久。

3)have+been +过去分词,构成完成式被动语态,例如:English has been taught in China for many years. 中国教英语已经多年。

5.5 助动词 do 的用法

1)构成一般疑问句,例如: Do you want to pass the CET? Did you study German?

2) do + not 构成否定句,例如: I do not want to be criticized. 我不想挨批评。你想通过大学英语测试吗?你们学过德语吗?我该怎样答复他?谁该去那儿呢?对此你要做出解释。要他今天下午来办公室。 He is to come to the office this afternoon. 他下周要去纽约。我们要教新生。世界各地都教英语。说明:这种用法也可以说成是一种将来时态表达法。 He doesn't like to study. 他不想学习。 In the past, many students did not know the importance of English. 过去,好多学生不知道英语的重要性。

3) 构成否定祈使句,例如: Don't go there. 不要去那里。不要这么心不在焉。 Don't be so absent-minded. 说明:构成否定祈使句只用 do,不用 did 和 does。

4)放在动词原形前,加强该动词的语气,例如: Do come to my birthday party. 一定来参加我的生日宴会。 I did go there. I do miss you. 我确实去那儿了。我确实想你。我从未听说过这样的事情。

5)用于倒装句,例如: Never did I hear of such a thing. English. 只有在开始大学生活时我们才认识到英语的重要

性。说明:引导此类倒装句的副词有 never, seldom, rarely, little, only, so, well 等。

6)用作代动词,例如:---- Do you like Beijing? --你喜欢北京吗?----Yes, I do. --是的,喜欢。(do 用作代动词,代替 like Beijing.) He knows how to drive

a car, doesn't he? 他知道如何开车,对吧?

5.6 助动词 shall 和 will 的用法

shall 和 will 作为助动词可以与动词原形一起构成一般

将来时,例如: I shall study harder at English. He will go to Shanghai. 说明:在过去的语法中,语法学家说shall 用于第一人称,will 只用于第二、第三人称。现在,尤其是在口语中,will 常用于第一人称,但 shall 只用于第一人称,如用于第二、第三人称,就失去助动词的意义,已变为情态动词,试比较: He shall come. He will come. 他必须来。(shall 有命令的意味。)他要来。(will 只与动词原形构成一般将来时。)我将更加努力地学习英语。他要去上海。 Only when we begin our college life do we realize the importance of

5.7 助动词 should,would 的用法

1)should 无词义,只是 shall 的过去形式,与动词原形构成过去将来时,只用于第一人称,例如: I telephoned him yesterday to ask what I should do next week. 我

昨天给他打电话,问他我下周干什么。比较: "What shall

I do next week?" I asked. "我下周干什么?"我问道。可

以说,( shall 变成间接引语时,变成了 should。) 2) would 也无词义,是 will 的过去形式,与动词原形构成过去将来时,用于第二、第三人称,例如: He said he would come. 比较: "I will go," he said. 他说:"我要去那儿。" 变成间接引语,就成了: He said he would come.

原来的 will 变成 would,go 变成了 come.。

5.8 短语动词 ?动词加小品构成的起动词作用的短语叫短

语动词(Phrasal Verb)。例如: Turn off the radio. 把收音机关上。(turn off 是短语动词)

短语动词的构成基本有下列几种:

1)动词+副词,如:black out;

2)动词+介词,如:look into;

3)动词+副词+介词,如:look forward to。构成短语动词的副词和介词都统称为小品词(Particle)。

5.9 非谓语动词? 在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词分为三种形式:不定式,动名词,和分词(分词包括现在分词和过去分词)。

1)不定式时态\语态一般式完成式

2)动名词时态\语态一般式完成式他说他要来。主动被动 to do to be done to have done to have been done 主动被动 doing being done having done having been done 3)分词时态\语态一般式完成式主动被动 doing being done having done having been done 否定形式: not +不定式,not + 动名词, not + 现在分词

一、有些动词只能接不定式做宾语。例如: help,hope,ask,refuse,decide,promise,wish,pretend,expect,learn,plan, manage,agree,fail,offer,happen,seem 等等。例如: He refused to speak on the radio.

二、有些动词或短语只接动名词做宾语: mind,finish,enjoy,suggest,consider,miss,keep(on),avoid,stand(忍受), allow ,practice give up,put off,look forward to,feel like,prevent…from,can't help,be/get used to ,be worth doing,be busy doing 例如: His wife doesn't allow smoking inside the room and often advised him to give up smoking. I'm looking forward to hearing from you soon. She doesn't feel like eating anything,being ill for a few days.

三、有些动词后面既可接不定式,又可接动名词,其意义基

本相同,区别不大。如;like,love,hate,prefer. begin,start. 注意:begin 和 start 本身为进行时,或后面动词为心理变化意义的动词时,须接不定式。例如:When we came in,

they were beginning to have supper. After his explanation,

I began to understand it / realize that I was wrong.

四、有些词后面既可以接不定式.亦可接动名词,但其意义

有很大区别,须特别注意: A.remember,forget,接动名词,表示完成意义(=having done),接不定式,表示将来意义:例如:Please remember to bring me the book I want next time.

I remember seeing her (=having seen her) somewhere before. B.mean:mean to do=want to do 打算,想要……;mean doing:意味着,就是例如:I am sorry, I didn't mean to hurt your feelings, Learning a foreign language doesn't mean just working in class. C.stop:stop to do 停下来,要干另一件事,不定式作目的状语;stop doing 停止干……,动名词作宾语。例如: After some time, they stopped walking and had a rest. After walking some time, they stopped to have a rest.

D try try to do 努力试图干……事 try doing 试着干……事例如 He searched .:,,;:。: everywhere and tried to find his key. He came to the city from the countryside and tried to find a job. E.want,need,require 接动名词表示被动意义,表示"需要、该……";接不定式,表示" 想,

要干……"。例如:The room wants cleaning. The matter needs thinking over.(=to be thought over) F.go on:go on to do 继续干和原来不同的另一件事,不定式作目的状语。go on doing

继续干原来同一件事,动名词作宾语。例如: After a smoke,he went on telling us that interesting story. After writing his English composition he went on to work out his maths problems. G.动词 advise,allow,permit,forbid 后面接单宾语时用动名词,接复合宾语时用动词不定式。例如:Doctors advise giving up smoking to benefit one's health. The doctor advised him to give up smoking so as to improve his health. She doesn't allow (permit) smoking in her room.=She doesn't allow (permit)anyone to smoke in her room.

初中英语短语归纳(1)

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初中英语动名词的用法

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difficult ,useless,senseless,worthwhile 等。但是important, essential, necessary等形容词不能用于上述结构。 用it 代替动名词作形式主语的除了上述句型外,还有一种句型为: It is no use/ useless/ useful/ no good/ great fun/ a waste of time/ nice/ good+ v-ing 例如: It's no use trying to argue with him. 3) “ There be” 的结构 这种句型一般是否定形式,There是引导词,作为形式 主语,动名词做真正主语。意思是“不可能……”。 例如: There is no joking about such matters. 4) 告示或简略的警告用语中,动名词在祈使句中作主语一般是否定的、省略的形式。 例如: No climbing. (No climbing is allowed. ) 5) 组成复合结构动名词有自己的逻辑主语时,可在其前面加上所有 格, 使之变成复合结构,可作为句中主语。 例如:

(完整版)初中英语动词短语归纳

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初中英语动词时态复习讲义 一般现在时 一、动词的第三人称词尾变化: 写出下列动词的单数第三人称形式。 1. cook _______ 2.watch________ 3.build_________ 4.have________ 5.wash________ 6. enjoy ______ 7. go _________8 receive ______9 cry______10. close ________ 11. drive _______ 12. choose ______13. play ________14. reach ________ 二. 一般现在时的用法 1)表示经常的或习惯性的动作,常与表示频度的副词连用。常用的频度副词有:always、often、usually、seldom、never、sometimes频度副词在句中通常放在行为动词之前,系动词、助动词之后。 例如: He often goes swimming in summer.他夏天经常游泳。 I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七点离开家。 2)表示现在的状态。 例如:My father is at work.He is very busy. 我父亲在工作,他很忙。 The boy is twelve. 这男孩十二岁。 3)表示主语具备的性格、特征和能力等。 例如:All my family love football .我全家人都喜欢足球。 My sister is always ready to help others . 我妹妹总是乐于助人。 Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 安英语写得不错,讲的可不行。 4)表示客观真理,客观存在,自然现象。 例如:The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕太阳转动。 Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国东部。 5)表示按计划或安排好的,或将要发生的动作,可用一般现在时表将来。但只限于start,begin,leave,go,come,arrive,return,take place等。 例如:The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开。 He comes back tonight. 他今晚回来。 6)在复合句中,当主句是一般将来时,时间或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般现在时来表示将来要发生的动作。(主将从现) 例如:I'll tell him the news when he comes back. 他回来时,我将告诉他这个消息。

(完整版)初中英语短语归纳

初中英语短语归纳. A.look 短语 1.look at看---- 7.look like看起来像 2.look for寻找8.look through浏览 3.look up查阅,向上看9.look into向—里看 4.look out向外看,小心10.look around环顾四周 5.look over 仔细检查11.look forward to期盼,期待 6.look after照顾,照料12.look ahead向前看 B.put 短语 1.put up举起,挂起,搭建 2.put on穿上,戴上,上演 3.put away 把—放好 4.put off推迟,推延 5.put down把—放下,记下 6.put out扑灭,伸出 7.put into把—放进--,把—译成-- 8.put one's heart into 全神贯注于--- C.get 短语 1.get up起床 2.get off下车 3.get on上车,相处,进展 4.get over克服,恢复,原谅 5.get back回来,返回 6.get through接通电话 7.get along进展,相处8.get into陷入-- 9.get out 出去,离开10.get together相聚 11.get ready for为—做准备12.get married结婚 13.get in the way碍事,挡道14.get to到达 D.give短语 1.give up放弃 2.give out分发 3.give away赠送,分发 4.give back归还 E.think短语 1.think of 想起,认为 2.think up想出,提出 3.think about考虑 4.think over仔细考虑 F.take 短语 1.take up 占据(时间,空间) 2.take after与(父母等)相像 3.take place发生 4.take care小心,当心 5.take off 脱下,起飞 6.take out拿出,取出 7.take away拿走,带走8.take down取下 9.take it easy从容,不紧张10.take care of照顾,照料11.take a rest休息一下12.take a shower洗澡 13.take part in参加14.take pride in对—感到自豪15.take a photo拍照16.take turns轮流,依次 17.take an interest in对—感兴趣18.take a vacation去度假

初中英语动词用法(全)

初中英语动词用法 A act v. 表演,演戏 act as sb./ sth. 充任某角色,担任某工作 I don’t understand English, so you have to act as my interpreter(翻译)。 其他用法:act for 代表某人,代理某人的职位 During her illness, her lawyer has been acting for her in her business. 在她生病期间,她的律师一直代理她的业务。 add v. (1)加,增加,添加 add sth. to sth. 往...里添加... eg. If the tea is too strong, add some water to it. eg. He added his signature to the petition(请愿书)。 add A and B (together) 加eg. If you add 5 and 5, you get 10. add to sth. 增加某事物eg. The bad weather only add to our difficulties. 这种坏天气更增加了我们的困难。 (2) 补充;继续说eg. “I’ll come here later.’’ he added. add in 包括...在内eg. Don’t forget add me in. 别忘了把我算上。 add up 合计,加起来 add up to 总计达到 add fuel to the fire 火上浇油 afford v. 负担得起(...的费用,损失,后果),买得起;抽得出时间 (常与can, could, be able to 连用) afford sth. eg. I’d love to go on holiday but I can’t afford the time. eg. They walked because the can’t afford a taxi. afford to do sth. eg. They walked because they can’t afford to take a taxi. eg. I have to work hard because I can’t afford to loose my job. agree v. 同意,赞同 agree with sb. 同意某人的意见eg. I agree with you. agree on + 表示具体协议的文件、计划、行动的词eg. We agreed on the plan. agree to do sth. 同意做某事eg. We agreed to start early. agree that + 宾语从句eg. She agreed that I was right. 其他用法:agree with sb. (尤用于否定或疑问句) (对某人的健康或胃口)适合 I like mushrooms but unfortunately they don’t agree with me. 我喜欢吃蘑菇,可惜吃了以后难受。 The humid climate in the south didn’t agree with him. 他不适应南方潮湿的气候。 aim v. 瞄准,对准aim at 瞄准,针对 aim at the target 瞄准目标/ 靶子;aim at a success 志在成功 eg. My remarks were not aim at you. 我的话不是针对你。 allow v. 允许,准许 allow doing sth. eg. We don’t allow smoking in our house. 在我们家不允许抽烟。 allow sb. to do sth. eg. They allow her to go to the party. 他们允许她去参加晚会。 allow sb. in/ out/ up 允许某人进来/ 出去/ 起来 annoy v. 使恼怒,使生气 annoy sb. 使某人生气,使某人心烦eg. I was annoyed by his remarks. 他的言论激怒了我。

初中英语常见动词短语归纳

初中英语常见动词短语归纳A)动词+ 介词 agree with同意......的意见(想法);符合 base on以......(为)根据 listen to听...... get to到达...... fall off (从......)掉下 help ... with ...帮助(某人)做(某事) knock at /on敲(门、窗) laugh at嘲笑 learn ... from ...向......学习 live on继续存在;靠......生活

look after照顾,照看 look at看;观看 look for寻找 look like看起来像 pay for (sth.)付钱;支付 point at指示;指向 point to指向...... prefer to ...宁愿(选择);更喜欢 quarrel with (和某人)吵架 regard ... as ...把......当作......;当作 stop ... from阻止......做...... talk about说话;谈话;谈论

talk with与......交谈 think about考虑 think of认为;想起 B)动词+ 副词 ask for请求;询问 carry on坚持下去;继续下去 cut down砍倒 clean up清除;收拾干净 come down下来;落 come along来;随同 come in进来 come on来吧;跟着来;赶快

come out出来;出现;(花)开;发(芽) come over过来;顺便来访 drop off放下(某物);下车 eat up吃光;吃完 fall behind落在......后面;输给别人 fall down跌倒;从......落下 find out查出(真相) get back回来;取回 get down下来;落下;把......取下来 get off下来;从......下来 get on上(车) get up起床

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