高中英语同位语从句最全解析

同位语从句

在复合句中充当同位语的名词性从句称为同位语从句。所谓同位语,是指跟在某些名词的后面,对前者做进一步的解释、说明、补充和概括,但不对前者起修饰作用的一种句子成分。同位语从句是名词性从句（主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句）中的主要从句之一。在使用同位语从句时,应注意以下五个方面：

一、同位语从句在句中的位置

在主从复合句中作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句一般用that, whether, what, which, who, when, where, why, how 等词引导,常

放在fact, news, idea, truth, hope, problem, information, wish, promise, answer, evidence, report,

explanation, suggestion, conclusion等抽象名词后面,说明该名词的具体内容。换言之,同位语从句和所修饰的名词在内容上为同一关系,对其内容作进一步说明。

1. 一般情况下同位语从句跟在某些名词（如news,idea,fact,promise,hope,message等）的后面,用以说明该名词所表达的具体内容。T

he news that our women volleyball team had won the championship encouraged us all greatly. 我们女排赢得冠军的消息大大地鼓舞了我们所有人。

I've come from Mr Wang with a message that he won't be able to see

you this afternoon.

我从王先生那边得知一个消息,他说他今天下午不能来看你了。

2. 有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后,而被别的词语隔开,在语法上叫做分隔式同位语从句。

The thought came to her that maybe she had left the door open when she left home.

她突然想起可能在她离开家时没把门关上。

The story goes that he failed in the College Entrance Examinations again. 据说他高考又落榜了。

二、同位语从句前名词的数

同位语从句前的名词通常用单数形式,并且往往带有限定词（word除外）加以修饰。

Where did you get the idea that I could not come？

你在哪儿听说我不能来？

Give me your promise that you will come to our party this evening.

答应我,你今天晚上要来参加我们的晚会。

Word came that China launched its first manned spaceship on Oct 15,2003.

消息传来,中国于2003年10月15日首次成功发射了载人飞船。

三、同位语从句连接词的选用

在英语中,引导同位语从句的词通常有连词（that,who,whether）,连接副词（how,when,where）等。

They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick.

对你生病这件事,他们都很焦虑。

The question who should do the work requires consideration.

谁该做这项工作,这个问题需要考虑。

We haven't yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.

我们还没有决定到什么地方去度暑假。

注：在名词doubt“怀疑”后的同位语从句用whether连接；在no doubt “不怀疑”之后的同位语从句用that连接。

We have some doubt whether they can complete the task on time. 我们怀疑他们是否能准时完成任务。

There is no doubt that Zhang Wei will keep his promise. 我们相信张卫会守信的。

同位语从句：that 有些名词的后面可以接that引导的同位语从句：We came to the decision that we must act at once. 我们做出决定：我们必须立即行动。

He made a proposal that the meeting be postpone. 他提议会议延期。There was little hope that he would survive. 他幸存的希望很小。

以下名词常用于以上句型：

advice,announcement,argument,belief,claim,conclusion,decision,eviden

ce,explanation,fact,feeling,hope,idea,impression,information,knowledge ,message,news,opinion,order,probability,promise,proposal,remark,reply, report,saying,statement,suggestion,thought,treat,warning,wish,word

同位语从句：whether

whether可以引导同位语从句,而定语从句不能用whether作为引导词。He hasn't made the decision whether he will go there. 他还没有做出决

定是否去那里。

I have small doubt whether he is suitable for the job. 他是否适合这件

工作我有点怀疑。

同位语从句：what

what可以引导同位语从句,而定语从句不能用what作为引导词

I have no idea what he is doing now. 我不知道他现在在干什么。

同位语从句：how

how可以引导同位语从句,而定语从句不能用how作为引导词

It's a question how he did it. 那是一个他如何做了此事的问题。

同位语从句: who,whom,which,when,where,why用来引导同位语从句The question who should do the work requires consideration.

谁该干这项工作,这个问题需要考虑。

She raised the question where we could get the fund.

她提出这个问题：我们到哪儿去搞这笔资金。

四.同位语从句和定语从句的区别

１、定语从句相当于一个形容词, 它对先行词起修饰、描述和限制

的作用。同位语从句相当于名词,属于名词性从句,它是对前面名词内

容的具体表述,它们之间的关系是同位关系。(1)We were greatly pleased at the news that the Chinese women's volleyball team had won the match again.听到中国女排再次获胜的消息我们极为高兴。(that

引导的是同位语从句) (2)We were greatly pleased at the news

that our teacher had told us.听到老师告诉我们的消息我们感到很高兴。(that引导的是定语从句)

２、that 在定语从句中充当某一成分, 是关系代词; that 在同位语从句中不作任何成分,仅把主句与从句连接在一起,是从属连词。

３、when, where, why, how, who, whom, which 如果引导定语从句, 它们分别指前面先行词所表示的时间、地点、原因、方式、人和物,否

则引导的就是同位语从句。

1)The reason why he was late for class is quite clear.他上课迟到的原因显而易见。(why引导的是定语从句)

(2)He has solved the problem why the radio was out of order.他解决了

收音机为何出故障的问题。(why引导的是同位语从句)

４、whether, what 可引导同位语从句,但通常不可引导定语从句。The problem (of) whether they could finish the project is very important.

他们是否能够按期完成那个项目,这个问题非常重要。

５、同位语从句常跟在news, fact, promise, idea, word, message, hope, truth, answer, proposal, suggestion, order, information 等少数名词之后,

而一般名词之后都可跟定语从句。

区分时可以在先行词与与从句之间加一个系动词be,使之构成一个新句子,如果句子通顺且符合逻辑,则为同位语从句,反之,则为定语从句。

如：The report that he was going to resign was false.

因为the report was that he was going to resign 句意通顺,所以,that he was going to resign 是同位语从句。

例1：

1)Information has been put forward ____ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.

A. while

B. that

C. when

D. as

析：答案为B。more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities是Information的内容,且Information不在从句中作成分,所以该句为同位语从句。应将该句区别于：

2)It is said that more middle school graduates will be admitted into unive rsities,this is the information ____ has been put forward.

A. what

B. that

C. when

D. as

析：答案为B。that has been put forward为information的修饰性定语,且information在从句中作主语,所以该句为定语从句。

例2：She heard a terrible noise,____ brought her heart into her mouth.(MET9

1)

A. it

B. which

C. this

D. that

析：答案为B。分析语境含义、句子结构和句子成分可知,该句为非限制性定语从句,先行词为a terrible noise,且它在从句中作主语。

应将该句区别于：

I can't stand the terrible noise ____ she is crying loudly.

A. it

B. which

C. this

D. that

析：答案为D。she is crying loudly是the terrible noise的内容,且the terrible noise不在从句中作成分,所以该句为同位语从句。

巩固性练习：

1. The fact ____ she works hard is well known to us all.

A. that

B. what

C. why

D. which

2. The fact ____ he was successful proves his ability.

A. hat

B. what

C. which

D. why

3. The news ____ he was kidnapped surprised us greatly.

A. what

B. that

C. why

D. when

4. His suggestion ____ the meeting be delayed was turned down.

A. which

B. that

C./

D. it

5. I have no idea ____ he will start.

A. when

B. that

C. what

D./

6. I've come from the government with a message ____ the meeting won 't be held tomorrow. A. if B. that C. whether D. which

7. The thought ____ he might fail in the exam worried him.

A. when

B. which

C. what

D. that

8. The order ____ the prisoner be set free arrived too late.

A. which

B. whether

C. that

D. what

9. The nurses are trying their best to reduce the patient's fear ____ he w ould die of the disease. A. that B. as C. of which D. which

10. He often asked me the question ____ the work was worth doing.

A. whether

B. where

C. that

D. when

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