英文翻译1

Distillation

蒸馏

Separation operations achieve their objective by the creation of two or more coexisting zones which differ in

molecular species in the mixture to be separated reacts in a unique way to differing environments offered by these

分离过程通过形成在温度、压力、组成和相态上有区别的

两个或多个共存区来达到它的目的。每一种待分离的在混合物中的分子种类以一种独特的17方式与这些区域提供的不同的环境相互作用。结果是随着系统向平衡移动每个物质都在每个区域形成不同的浓度这样就可以使这些物质的到17分离。

The separation operation called distillation utilizes vapor and liquid phases at essentially the same temperature and pressure for the coexisting

ordered packings and plates or trays are used to bring the two

other and enclosed in a cylindrical shell to form a

lly contained in a cylindrical shell between hold-利用在共有区中拥有相同温度和压力的汽油和液相的分离操作叫做分离。不同种类的装置例如规整填料和乱堆整料和塔板或塔盘被用来使两相充分接触。塔盘是一个堆着一个排列的并且被装入到一个圆柱形的外壳中形成一个塔。填料通常也被装入一个在压具板和支撑板之间的圆柱形外

壳中。

1 Continuous Distillation

The feed mater

of the difference in gravity between vapor and liquid phases, liquid

floats up the col

1、连续蒸馏将要被分离成馏分的进料通过一个或多个沿着管

壳的点被引入到塔中。由于气相和液相之间重力的不同液体在塔中从一个塔盘到另一个塔盘呈阶梯形向下流动。同时气体在塔中向上流动并与液相在每个塔盘接触。

Liquid reaching the bottom of the column is partially vaporized in

-ent back up the

of this liquid is returned to the column as reflux to provide liquid overflow. The remainder of the overhead stream is withdrawn as distillate, or overhead product.

液体到达塔底被一个加热的再沸器部分汽化来提供蒸汽。蒸汽重新返回塔中。塔底的残余物作为釜液或塔底产品被取出。达到塔底的气相在塔底冷凝器中被冷却并冷凝成液体。部分被冷凝的液体回流到塔中从而提供液体溢流。塔顶馏分的剩余物作为馏分或塔顶产品被取出。

This overall flow pattern in a distillation column provides countercurrent contacting of vapor and liquid stream on all the trays

extent dependent https://www.wendangku.net/doc/f65933008.html,upon the efficiency of the

在蒸馏塔中的整个流动模式为气相和液相提供了一个在每一个塔盘逆流接触的机会。气相和液相在特定的塔盘

上达到热量压力以及组成的平衡这在一定程度上取决于接触的塔板的效率。

The lighter(lower-boiling)components tend to concentrate in the vapor phase, while the heavier(higher-boiling)components tend

and a liquid phase that becomes richer in heavy components as it cascades downward. The overall separation achieved between the

volatilities of the components, the number of contacting trays, and the ratio of the liquid—phase flow rate to the vapor-phase flow rate.

低沸点的轻组分倾向于气相中富集而同时高沸点的重组分倾向于在液相中富集。这个结果是当它沿着塔向上移动的时候气相变得富含轻组分而当液体沿着塔积极向下移动的时候液相变得富含重组分。要在塔顶产品和釜液之间达到整个分离主要依赖于组分的相对挥发度接触塔盘的数目和液相和气相流动的比例。

If the feed is introduced at one point along the column shell the

rectifying section, and a

the stripping section. These terms become rather indefinite in multiple-feed columns and columns from which a product sidestream is withdrawn somewhere along the column length in addition to the two end-product streams.

如果进料从塔壳的某一个点引入这个塔被分成一个向上部分

这个部分通常叫做精馏段还有一个向下的部分这个部分叫做提

馏段。这些术语在多口进料塔中变得相当不确定。侧线产品沿着塔的某个地方被取中的塔会有两个最终产品馏分。

Equilibrium-Stage Concept

Energy and mass—transfer processes in an actual distillation column are much too complicated to be readily modeled in any

equilibrium—

leaving an equilibrium stage are in complete equilibrium with each other and thermodynamic relations can be used to determine the temperature of and relate the concentrations in the equilibrium streams at a given pressure. A hypothetical column composed of equilibrium stages (instead of actual contact trays)is designed to

number of hypothetical equilibrium stages required IS then converted to a number of actual trays by means of tray

an actual contact tray duplicates the performance of an equilibrium stage

平衡级的概念实际的蒸馏塔中的能量以及质量传递过程太复杂以至于不能从一种方式直接做成模型。这个难题可以通过平衡级模型避免。在平衡级模式中气相和液相达到一个完全的平衡并且热力学关系可以被用于测量温度以及相关的浓度在某个特定压力下的平衡流中。由平衡级组成的一个特定的塔。代替了实际过程中的接触塔盘被设计用来完成实际塔的特定的分离。需要的假想得平衡级的数目通过塔盘效率的方法转化成一个实际塔盘的数目。塔盘效率描述了实际的接触塔盘的行为复制平衡级行为的程度。

Use of the equilibrium-stage concept separates the design of a

and methods needed to predict equilibrium—phase compositions

r the separation that will be

the column diameter is determined https://www.wendangku.net/doc/f65933008.html,.

平衡级概念的使用将蒸馏塔的设计分为三个主要的步骤

热力学数据和方法被收集用来预测相平衡组分的。②需要完成一个指定的分离或者在一个给定平衡级数目的情况下平衡级的数目需要被计算。③平衡级的数被转化为等价的实际接触塔盘的数目或填料的高度。而且塔径被决定。

All separation operations require energy input in the form of heat or work. In the conventional distillation

required to separate the species is added in the form of hear to the

column, where the temperature is lowest. This frequently results in a large energy-input requirement and low overall thermodynamic efficiency. With recent dramatic increases in energy costs, complex distillation operations that offer higher thermodynamic efficiency and lower energy-input requirements are being explored.

所有的分离操作需要以热量或者做功的形式的能量的输入。在传统的蒸馏操作中用来分离物质的能量被以热量与形式注入到塔底的再沸器中塔底的温度用最高的。热量从塔顶的冷凝器中被移走了在那里温度是最低的这就导致了大量的能量的输入以及低的热力学效率。随着最高近能耗上的显著增加能够有更高的热力学效率以及较低能量输入的复杂的蒸馏技术正在被开发。

Related Separation Operations The simple and complex distillation operations just described all have two things in common :(i) both rectifying and stripping sections are provided so

that a separation can be achieved between two components that are adjacent in volatility; and (ii) the separating agent (MSA) such as in liquid-liquid extraction. Sometimes, alternative single- or multiple-stage vapor-liquid separation operations, of the types shown in Fig. 3-2, may be more suitable than distillation for the specified task.

相关的分离操作工作我们刚刚描述的简单的和复杂的蒸馏操作都有两个共同点。①被提供的精馏段和提馏段都可以使挥发度相近的两个组分被分离。②分离仅仅被能量的输入输出影响不被加入任何的质量分离剂所影响例如液液萃取。一些时候可选择的单级或者多级气液分离操作像在图3-2展示的类型也许比指定任务的蒸馏更适合。

2.Batch Distillation

Batch distillation, which is the process of separating a specific quantity (the charge) of a liquid mixture into products, is used extensively in small production units that may have to serve for many mixtures. When there are N components in the feed, one batch column will suffice where N-1 simple continuous-distillation columns would be required

间歇蒸馏.就是将一个特定量的液油混和物分离成产品,把它们广泛的用于实验室,还用于有许多类型混和物的产量少的生产单元.当进料有N种组分时,一个间歇蒸馏塔就可以满足,而却有N-1个连续蒸馏塔被需要.

e o

f a batch unit can keep solids separated and permit convenient removal at the termination of the process

许多大型设备也以间歇蒸馏塔为特点.待分离的物质可能固体含量

高,或者有可能含有焦油或树脂,这些东西会阻塞或弄脏连续蒸馏.使用间歇蒸馏可以使固体.物质分离,并且在反应终止时能够更方便的转移.

Simple Batch Distillation The simplest form of batch still consists of a heated vessel(pot or boiler), a condenser ,and one or more receiving tanks. No trays or packing are provided. Feed is charged into the vessel and brought to boiling. Vapors are condensed and collected in a receiver. No reflux is returned. The rate of vaporization is sometimes controlled prevent ―bumping‖ the charge and to avoid overloading the condenser, but other controls are minimal. This processed further, or for similar noncritical separations.

简单阿的歇蒸馏操作.最简单的间歇蒸馏塔仅由一个加热反应器,,冷却器,一个或多个回收罐.不存在塔盘和填料.进料被装入一个釜并把它加热到沸腾.气相被冷却然后被收集到一个接收器中,没有回流.有些时候气化的速度会被控制来阻止进料暴沸并且要避免冷却器超载,但是其他的控制都是渺小的.这个过程常常被认为是瑞利蒸馏.

The simple batch still provides only one theoretical plate of separation. Its use is usually restricted to preliminary work in which products will be held for additional at a later time, when most of the volatile component must be removed from the batch before it is processed further, or for similar noncritical separations.

简单的间歇蒸馏仅为分离提供了一个理论的塔板.它的使用常被工程商限于初步的工作,产品被阻止,稍后用来额外的分离,在进行进一步反应之前绝大多数挥发性的物质必须被移除.或者是相似的非恒界分离.

Batch Distillation with Rectification To obtain products with a narrow composition range, some means of splitting off a portion 0f

receivers. Temperature of the distillate is controlled in order to return the reflux at or near the column temperature to permit a true

which case appropriate device must be included to obtain the

-still

checked for each mixture if several mixtures are to be

vaporization rate

含有精馏的间歇蒸馏如果想得到产品是有比较小的改变,一个精馏间歇蒸馏塔需要被使用,它的组成包括一个釜或者再沸器,精馏塔,冷凝器,还有一些方法把冷凝器中的一部分分离出来作为回流,还有一个或多个接收器.塔顶流出液的温度被控制是为了在或者接近塔温度的时候形成回流,允许一个真实的指示回流量,并且来提高塔的操作.这个塔可能也会在加压或者真空的条件下运作,在这种情况下一个合适的装置需要被安装来获得一个需要的压力.为间歇精馏组分装置设备设计方法除了釜的设计方法都要遵循和连续单元操作一样的规则,如果这些混和物需要被处理这个设计就需要对每一种混和物进行检验.他也将在混和物的多个点被检验,这是因为随着蒸馏的进行在塔里的组分会变化.釜的设计师建立在釜的尺寸和需要的汽化速率的基础之上.

In operation, a batch of liquid is charged to the pot and the

of the overhead condensate is then continuously withdrawn in accordance with the established re

distilled becomes less rich in the more volatile 阿

在操作过程中,一些液体被装入到釜中,整个系统首先在全回流情况下达到稳定的状态.通过切换的不同的接收器来将它们分开,.在这个时候操作条件可能被改变.整个塔作为一个富集部分操作,随着操作的进行,正在被蒸馏的材料的组成变得不再含有易挥发的组分,如果塔顶馏分的分离没有达到预期的目标就会被停止.

The progress of batch distillation call be controlled in several ways:

歇他蒸馏操作可以通过以下方法提高.

at a predetermined value at which it is maintained for the

sition is changing, instantaneous

until the https://www.wendangku.net/doc/f65933008.html,average distillate composition is at the

diverted to another receiver, and an intermediate cut is withdrawn until the remaining pot liquor meets the required specification. The

multicomponent mixture two or more intermediate cuts may be taken between product cuts.

1.回流不变改变塔顶组成.回流比被设定在一个预定的值,整个系

统在这个值下运行.由于釜液的组分发生改变,塔顶馏出液的组分立刻发生改变.蒸馏会一直连续进行直到塔顶馏出液的组分达到预定的值.在二元的情况下,塔顶馏分被直接传到另一个接收器,并且会有中间馏分被取出,直到剩余的釜液满足需要的特定的值.分出来的中间组分通常会被加到另一个间歇反应器.对于多组分的混和物,两种或者更多种的中间组分的分开在产品分开之间.

(ii) Constant overhead composition, varying reflux. If it is desired to maintain a constant overhead composition in the e of a binary, the amount of reflux returned to the column must be constantly increased through the run. As time proceeds, the pot is gradually depleted of the lighter component. Finally, a point is reached at which the reflux ratio has attained a very high value. The receivers are then changed, the reflux is reduced, and an intermediate cut is taken as before. This technique can also be extended to a multicomponent mixture

不变的塔顶组成,改变回流比.如果要求在二元的情况下维持一个不变的塔顶组成回到塔的回流量必须在整个运作中不断的减少。随着过程的进行釜里面的轻组分渐渐地耗尽。最后达到了回流比非常高的那个点。然后改变接收器回流比减小中间组分像以前那样被取出。这个技术也可以运用到多组分的混合物中。

(iii) Other control methods. A cycling procedure can be used to set the pattern for column operation. The unit operates at reflux until equilibrium is established. Distillate is then taken as total draw-off for a shout period of time, after which the column is again return to total-reflux operation. This cycle is repeated through the course of distillation. Another possibility is to optimize the reflux ratio in order to achieve the desired separation in a minimum of tie. Complex operations may involve withdrawal of side streams,

provision for intercondensers, addition of feeds to trays, and periodic charge addition to the pot.

其他的控制方法在塔操作的过程中一个循环的步骤可以被设定成一种模式。这个单元在全回流的状态下运作直到平衡被建立。然后馏分在一小段时间内被全部取出在那之后塔又回到了全回流的状态。这个循环在蒸馏的过程中被重复进行。在最短的时间内为了达到一个期望的分离另一个可能性就是优化回流比。复杂的操作将会涉及到侧线取出中间冷凝器的防备向塔盘额外加料还有周期性的向釜内额外加料。

简历的英文翻译1

简历的英文翻译 Richard Anderson, 1234, West 67 Street, Carlisle, MA 01741, (123)-456 7890. Qualifications: Enterprising business student with high GPA, growing professional experience, and desire to move into consulting and investment banking. Professional achievement include developing marketing campaigns, streamlining procedures, researching corporate strategy, and managing staff. Reduced salary expenses by 14% in MDDT Call Center. Received outstanding Performance and Human Relations Awards at Dale Carnegie Training. Fluent in verbal and written English, Mandarin, and Cantonese. Technical proficiency includes, MS Excel, Word, PowerPoint, SPSS, FrontPage, and HTML. Education: Indiana State University, Terre Haute, Indiana Bachelor of Science in Business Administration, expected 2004 Academic and Professional Experience ITMT University, Terre Haute, Indiana 2001 - Present Research Assistant, Corporate Strategy and International Business ?Explore firm attributes and market-specific factors influencing globalization process of Chit Chat Corporation. ?Charted Chit Chat's expansion into Asia by analyzing global franchising industry in eight Asian countries. ?Researched expansion patterns and governance mechanisms of other globalization franchises. All Talk Radio, Terre Haute, Indiana 2000 - Present Vice President of Marketing ?Developed publicity and promotional campaigns to support market initiatives.

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英语翻译——笔记整理及单词概述

考研翻译重点词汇 Abstract n.摘要，概要，抽象 adj.抽象的，深奥的，理论的 Accelerate vt.&vi.（使）加快，（使）增速， n.接受速成教育的学生 Account (1)看法,认识 (2)解释,说明 Account for 占…(多大)比重; 解释, 说明 Achievement n.成就；成绩；功绩，达到；完成 Acquire vt.得到，养成，vt 获得；招致，学得（知识等），求得，养成（习惯等），捕获， Action n.作用，动[操]作，行动，机械装置[作用]，（小说等中的）情节 Activity n.活动，活动的事物，活动性，机能，功能 Actually adv.现实的，实际的；目前的；明确的，有效的 Additional adj.增加的，额外的，另外的 Advance vt.&vi.（使）前进，（使）发展；促进， vt.提出 Advantage n.利益，便利，有利方面，有利条件；优点；优势， （网球等）打成平手（deuce ）而延长比赛后一方先得的一分（攻方所得称 advantage in ，守方所得则称 advantage out ） Agree vi.一致；相合同意，赞成约定，允诺，答应，相宜，调和，符合，和睦相处 Almost adv.几乎，差不多，差一点；将近 Amount n.量，数量，数额，总额，总数 vi.合计，共计 An immense amount of … 大量 An amount of … 一些 A certain amount of … 某些 Analogous 与…类似, 与…相似 And 而, 然而 Apply … to … ≈ lie with 存在于,发生于 Approach vt.&vi.接近，走近，靠近； vt.接洽，交涉；着手处理； n.靠近，接近，临近 Appropriate adj.适当的，恰当的； vt.挪用；占用；盗用 Argue vt.&vi.争吵，辩论； vt.坚决主张，提出理由证明，说服，劝说 Arise vi.&link v.呈现；出现；发生； vi.起身，起来，起立 As 译为 (1) 像, 如 ; (2) 作为 As … as (比较的两者要一致) = not so … as 译成:“… 和 … 一样 ” As is mentioned above 如上所述, (如上所示,如图所示---作文可以写) Aspect n.方面，方位，朝向 Assert vt.声称，断言，维护，坚持 Assume vt.假设，认定, 臆断，猜想，假装，担，担任，就职 Attempt n.尝试，企图vt.尝试，企图 Augment vt.增加，提高，扩大； n.增加，提高，扩大 Availability n.可用性，有效性，实用性 Base n.基础，底座，基地，根据地 vt.把…建立在，以…为基础 Behavioral adj.动作的，行为方面的 Big bang 大爆炸理论 Branch n.树枝，枝条，支，分科，分系； vi.出枝，树叉 Breakthrough : 突破 Break prison (监狱)越狱 Break out v. 爆发 Out break: n. 爆发

英文翻译格式要求

河北建筑工程学院 毕业设计（论文）外文资料翻译 系别：机械工程系 专业：机械电子工程 班级：机电（本）091 姓名：张少强 学号： 2009322110 外文出处：English in Mechanical and Electrical Engineering 附件：1、外文原文；2、外文资料翻译译文。 指导教师评语： 签字： 年月日 金属热处理 普遍接受的金属和金属合金的热处理定义是“在某种程度上加热和冷却金属或金属合金，以获得特定的条件和属性。”加热的唯一目的是进行热加工，锻造操作是被排除在这个定义之外的。热处理有时候也用产品表示，同样玻璃和塑料也被排除在这个定义之外。 变换曲线 热处理的基础是在一个单一的图表上绘制的包含三个所有的等温转变曲线或TTT曲线。因为曲线的形状，他们有时候也称为c曲线或s曲线。 TTT曲线绘制，特定的钢在给定的条件下和预定的时间间隔内记录以检查的组织结构转换的

数量。众所周知共析钢（T80）在超过723℃形成的是奥氏体，在此温度下形成的是珠光体。为了形成珠光体碳原子应该分散形成渗碳体。扩散是一个过程需要足够的时间来完成奥氏体向珠光体的转变。我们可以注意到在不同的样本内在任何的温度下数量都在发生变化。这些点被绘制在以时间和温度为轴的坐标内。通过这些点共析钢的变换曲线如图1所示。曲线的左极端代表在任何给定的温度下奥氏体向珠光体的转变。同样的右极端代表完成所需要的时间。这两个曲线之间转换的点代表部分转换。水平线条s M和f M发代表开始和完成的马氏体转变。 热处理工艺的分类 在某些情况下，热处理在技术和使用程序上是分开的。而在其他情况下，,描述或简单的解释是不够的，因为相同的技术常常可以获得不同的目标。例如，应力消除和回火需要相同的设备和利用相同时间和温度循环。然而这是两个不同的过程。 图8.1 T80钢在等温间隔下的热处理图 以下对热处理的描述主要是根据他们之间的关系来安排的。正火指加热铁合金到高于它转变温度上的一个合适温度(通常是50°F到100°F或28℃到56℃)。接下来是在精致空气至少是在低于其转变温度范围下冷却。由此产生的结构和性能和通过完全退火是一样的。对大多数铁合金来说正火和退火是不一样的。 正火通常被用作调节处理，尤其是没有经过高温锻造或其他热加工的精炼粒钢。正火的成功通常由另一个热处理来完成如奥氏体化的淬火、退火或回火。 退火是一个通用术语，它表示一个热处理，包括加热和保持在一个合适的温度后以一个合适的冷却速度冷却。它主要用来软化金属材料，但它同时也会产生其他属性或期望的微观结构。

英语四级翻译整理

【翻译原文】 自上世纪90年代后期起，七夕节(the Double SeventhFestival )开始被称为“中国的情人节”。这个节日可以追溯到汉朝，当时对恋人、女孩都是个特殊的日子。这天，女孩会举行仪式，向织女(Zhinv)乞求智慧、技艺和美满婚姻，所以七夕节还被称为“乞巧节(the Begging for SkillsFestival)”。如今，一些传统习俗已经弱化。人们现在把七夕节当作浪漫的情人节来庆祝，尤其是在年轻人中间。 【参考译文】 The Double Seventh Festival has been called ChineseValentine's Day since the late 1990s. The festival canbe traced back to the Han Dynasty. It was then aspecial day not only for lovers, but also for girls.Girls would hold a ceremony to beg Zhinv forwisdom, skills and a satisfying marriage. So it is also called “the Begging for Skills Festival”.Today some traditional customs have been weakened. Now the festival is celebrated as aromantic valentine's day, particularly among young people. 【翻译原文】 腊八节(the Laba Festival)在农历最后一个月的第八天庆祝，标志着春节庆祝活动的开始。“腊”指“腊月(the 12thlunar month)”，是农历第十二个月，“八”指的是数字8。腊八节通常在1月中旬。大多数汉族人遵循腊八节喝腊八粥(Laba rice porridge)的习俗。腊八粥最早在宋朝传入中国。据史料记载，一些大型寺庙会为穷人提供腊八粥来表达对佛祖(Buddha)的虔诚。明朝时，腊八粥成为皇帝在此节日赏赐群臣的神圣食物。 【参考译文】 Laba Festival is celebrated on the eighth day of thelast lunar month, marking the beginning ofcelebrating the Chinese Spring Festival. La means the12th lunar month and ba means the number eight.The date usually falls in mid-January. The majorityof people from Han nationality has followed the tradition of eating Laba rice porridge on theLaba Festival. Laba rice porridge was first introduced to China in the Song Dynasty. Accordingto historical records, some large temples would offer the poor Laba rice porridge to show theirfaith to Buddha. In the Ming Dynasty, it became a holy food that emperors would use to awardtheir officials on the festival. 【翻译原文】 早在公元前200年中国人就开始食用面条，它在中国饮食中占据重要的地位，种类繁多，如鸡蛋面、米粉(rice noodles)，绿豆(mung bean )面和小麦面。在中国北方地区，小麦面条作为主食(staple food)比人米吃得多。米粉则在南方地区更普遍。中国面条有不同的宽度和厚度，似通常都较长，因为中国人认为这象征着长寿，因此面条经常出现在生日庆祝活动中，被称为长寿面(longevity noodles)。 【参考译文】 Noodles were eaten by Chinese as early as 200 BCand occupy an important position in Chinese food.It has many kinds, such as egg noodles, ricenoodles, mung bean noodles and wheat noodles. Inthe northern regions of China, wheat noodles arethe staple food and eaten more than rice. Rice noodles are more commonly consumed insouthern China. Chinese noodles are of varying width and thickness, but they are usually longbecause they

英语翻译(1)

After winning the important game they hoisted their captain to their shoulders in shouting triumph. 赢得那场重要的比赛之后，他们把队长抬到肩膀上欢呼着胜利。 Anyone who picks up this novel and reads the first paragraph will be hard pressed to put it down. 任何人只要拿起这本小说读了第一段，就会发现很难把它放下。 A true hero possesses has courage, a noble purpose and a willingness to make sacrifices. 一个真正的英雄有勇气，有高尚的目标，而且乐于奉献。 For now, it remains to me to thank you once more for joining us and wish you good luck in your work. 且让我再次感谢大家的参与，祝你们工作顺利。 He took a gamble on starting a factory with all the money his parents had left him. 他孤注一郑，用父母留给他的所有钱来开一家工厂。 He decided to channel his energies into something useful, instead of being glued to sitting in front of the TV set all day long. 他决定把自己的精力用到有益的事上，而不是整天守在电视机前。 He teaches in a middle school, but he does some translation work on the side to bring in extra cash money. 他在中学教书，但也兼职做些翻译来赚取外快。 He travelled from one village to another, dropping in on families and listening to their complaints and problems. 他从一个村子来到另一个村子，走家串户，听他们诉苦。 His words were drowned out by loud cheers from the crowd. 他的话被群众的大声欢呼所淹没。 He may promise to change, but it’s the same old story of saying one thing and doing another.他也许会答应改变，但无非又是说一套做一套罢了。 I racked my brains about how to break the terrible news to him. 我苦苦思索该怎样把这可怕的消息告诉他。 It will be impossible for me to repay my parents for everything they have done for me. 我将永远无法报答父母为我所做的一切。 I said right from the beginning that he would cause us trouble. 我一开始就说过，他会给我们惹麻烦的 In a sense, life is like swimming; if you keep holding on to the sides of the pool, you (will) never learn. 从某种意义上说，生活就像游泳。如果你总是扶住池边，就永远也学不会。 I just can’t figure her out, she’s a mystery to me. 我简直摸不透他，他对我是个迷 I looked at the printed page but the words made no sense. 我看着那印满字的书页，但不知上面写些什么 In the rush to go for globalization, we should watch out for collision of cultures. 在全球化热潮中，我们要堤防不同文化的冲突 In the circumstances it was not surprising that there was trouble. 在这种情况下，出现麻烦是不足为奇的 It’s good to be confident (about yourself), but there’s a difference betwe en (self-)confidence and conceit. 自信是件好事，但自信与自负是有区别的。 Jim always sides with John in an arg ument. 在答辩中吉姆总是站在约翰那一边。 Only those who have lived through a similar experience can fully appreciate this. 只有那些有过类似经历的人，才能够完全理解这一点。 Only those who stick it out can achieve success. Those who give up halfway will never realize their dreams. 只有坚持到底的人才会成功。半途而废的人永远也无法实现梦想。

英文翻译范本(基本无格式错误)

英语专业文献翻译 题目: 基于交通服务感知质量的效用评价方法姓名: 丁贞钰 学院: 工学院 专业: 交通运输 班级: 101班 学号: 30210101 指导教师: 陈青春职称: 副教授 2013年11月25日 南京农业大学教务处制

基于交通服务感知质量的效用评价方法 Hideyuki Kita a Akira Kouchi b a Department of Civil Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Kobe, 1-1, Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, 658-8501, Japan b Infrastructural Planning Department, Chodai Co. Ltd., 2-20-6, Shin-machi, Nishi-ku, Osaka, 550-0013, Japan 摘要：本研究旨在开发一个通过宏观交通状态数据评价微观驾驶环境的模型，并且展示一系列基于驾驶员视觉的交通服务质量估算方法的模型。该方法由三部分组成，第一部分通过宏观数据评价行驶速度和时间间隔分配，第二部分评价作为行驶速度和时间间隔联合概率的基点效用。第三部分通过利用经验公式的基点概率分布估计基段效用。通过一个研究案列论证所提出的方法。 关键词：驾驶员感知；交通服务质量；基础效用评价；估计方法；交通调查数据；相关函数 1 引言 交通服务质量直接关系到驾驶员的利益。为了提高交通服务质量，应采取必要措施提高驾驶员对道路规划和交通管理的满意度。采取适当的基于驾驶员感知的方法来评价路用性能是必要的。弄清驾驶员服务质量感知结构对区分驾驶员感知服务质量也是必要的。 从驾驶员感知的角度对服务质量的评价已经有了很大成就,研究人员对评价驾驶员感知结构的感知服务质量做了比以前更多的尝试，但是感知服务质量的层次结构依旧很少被人认识。基于驾驶员的感知结构的层次结构，包括基点服务质量、基段服务质量和基面服务质量。通过参考感知结构的服务质量，Kita(2000)提出了测量服务质量的方法的基本框架。这个框架的基本思想是服务质量的最小单位是微观驾驶环境，比如在每个路段驾驶员的视野范围内相对速度和空间时间间隔。驾驶员对于特定路段的服务质量感知是这些基点服务质量的集合。然而关于感知服务质量的重要因素—微观驾驶环境的数据却很难获得。另一方面，宏观交通状态变量，比如由微观交通状况变量集合的数据—速率，可以很容易的通过车辆检测器。在给定宏观交通状况下，捕捉发生在什么样的微观环境和到什么程度是必要的。但是，没有研究与以上观点相关，直到本文作者对他的认识。 本研究的目的是开发一个通过宏观交通状况变量评价微观驾驶环境的方法，并提出一系列对宏观交通状态变量的基点服务质量的测量和对根据驾驶感知结构和服务质量层次结构基点服务质量的基段服务质量的测量方法。通过使用上面的方法，获得有关驾驶员感知结构的宏观交通状况数据，评价基于驾驶员感知的基段服务质量。 本文组织如下。第2部分，概括评价服务质量领域的相关文献。第3部分，表述包括提出的方法论的一系列方法的概要和基本思想。第4部分，概述运用宏观交通状态变量估计微观驾驶环境的方法。第5部分，开发了一种联系基点感知服务质量和考虑认知倾向的基段感知服务质量的模型，并对概率分布之间的关系效用进行微观分析。第6部分，通过运用从车辆检测器上获得的实际交通状况数据检测本文所表述的理论模型的有效性。第7部分，结论。 2 文献综述 已经做过很多关于驾驶员感知的服务质量评价工作。但由于篇幅有限，只把文献大纲列出如下。更多信息可以从Kita and Kouchi(2010)中获得。有一些研究阐述了交通服务质量应该基于驾驶员的微观驾驶环境的感知评价交通服务质量(Morrall and Werner (1990), Ishibashi et al. (2006))。有一些研究试图找到一个可以展现与感知交通服务质

英语句子翻译整理范文

句子 1. ①It's an important matter. ②The article is full of matter. ③It is a matter of no laughing. ④After turning back from the post office, he had brought a lot of printed matter. 翻译： ①这事很要紧。 ②这篇文章内容丰富。 ③这个问题可不是开玩笑 ④从邮局回来后，他带回来一大堆印刷品。 2.①Modern communication facilities were equipped in each fishing boat, so the fishermen could get in touch with each other at any place. ②Regulations regarding the handing of hazardous wastes have become more stringent and complex. Facilities can no longer ignore their wastes. ③All the facilities in this lab should not be taken out without permission. ④The site ideally should have sufficient lands to provide a buffer zone between the facility and the public surrounding it.

专业英语翻译1

专业英语翻译1

Basic Chemistry 1. Atomic Structure Matter has mass and takes up space. Atoms are basic building blocks of matter, and cannot be chemically subdivided by ordinary means. Both the protons and neutrons reside in the nucleus. Protons have a positive (+) charge, neutrons have no charge --they are neutral. Electrons reside in orbitals around the nucleus. They have a negative charge (-). It is the number of protons that determines the atomic number. The number of protons in an element is constant but neutron number may vary, so mass number (protons + neutrons) may vary. 1。原子结构 物质有质量，占空间。原子是物质的基本组成物，不能用普通的方法进行化学细分。 质子和中子都驻留在原子核中。质子有一个正电荷，中子是不带电的，它们是中性的。电子在原子核周围的轨道上。他们有一个负电荷（-）。 它是确定原子序数的质子数。在一个元素中的质子的数量是恒定的，但中子数可能会有所不同，所以质量数（质子+中子）可能会有所不同。 The same element may contain varying numbers of neutrons; these forms of an element are called isotopes. The chemical properties of isotopes are the same, although the physical properties of some isotopes may be different. Some isotopes are radioactive-meaning they "radiate" energy as they decay to a more stable form, perhaps another element half-life: time required for half of the atoms of an element to decay into stable form. Another example is oxygen, with atomic number of 8 can have 8, 9, or 10 neutrons. 相同的元素可能含有不同数量的中子，这些元素

翻译作业格式模板

翻译练习一（英译汉）小组讨论情况记录 小组成员：赵一，钱二，孙三，李四 本次讨论记录、执笔人：赵一 1.本次翻译文本的目标读者是？ 2.本次翻译任务需要达成的目的是？ 3.请用注释的形式写出“翻译根据”。翻译根据包括（但不限于）根据翻译目的 对翻译方法（策略）的选择；术语的出处或论证过程；译文选词、造句、结构、篇章等方面的考虑； 原文：在国内众多的历史课本或辅导爱国读本中，讲到北宋的社会经济，往往说这时期出现了中国第一个商标。这枚传说中的白兔商标现存于中国历史博物馆，中间一个白兔图，寓“玉兔捣药”之意. 译文：In various Chinese history textbooks and patriotic readings[i], one thing is always covered in the economic development[ii] of the Northern Song Dynasty—the emergence[iii] of China’s first trademark, which is now kept in the National Museum of Chinese History[iv]. This legendary trademark was designed with a white rabbit image in the middle, implying the message of the Jade Rabbit pounding medicine[v] [i]辅导爱国读本 第一步，理解中文。 所谓“辅导爱国读本”一般指供学生课下阅读的旨在培养爱国情操的材料(当然也可以面向社会读者)，内容可以涵盖从古至今国家经济政治文化等各方面情况：讲成就可以培养人们的民族自尊心、自信心、自豪感等等；也可以讲失败、讲教训，激励人们奋发图强，建设祖国。…这些在中国都属于“爱国主义教育”的内容。文中要讲的是北宋出现了中国历史上第一枚商标，这是经济发展的标志之一，算是“成就”，同时此商标设计上又体现了浓郁的中国传统文化特色（玉兔捣药），因此自然会被写入爱国读本让大家了解。 第二步，理解基础上做出一个译文。

2.英文翻译格式和要求

英文 小四号字，单倍行距，首行缩进2个字符，不能定义文档网格。约3千英文单词。 MCU Description SCM is also known as micro-controller (Microcontroller Unit), commonly used letters of the acronym MCU MCU that it was first used in industrial control. Only a single chip by the CPU chip developed from a dedicated processor. The first design is by a large number of peripherals and CPU on a chip in the computer system, smaller, more easily integrated into a complex and demanding on the volume control device which. INTEL's Z80 is the first designed in accordance with this idea processor, then on the development of microcontroller and dedicated processors have parted ways. 一、SCM history SCM was born in the late 20th century, 70, experienced SCM, MCU, SoC three stages. SCM the single chip microcomputer (Single Chip Microcomputer) stage, mainly seeking the best of the best single form of embedded systems architecture. "Innovation model" success, laying the SCM and general computer completely different path of development. In the open road of independent development of embedded systems, Intel Corporation contributed. MCU the micro-controller (Micro Controller Unit) stage, the main direction of technology development: expanding to meet the embedded applications, the target system requirements for the various peripheral circuits and interface circuits, highlight the object of intelligent control.It involves the areas associated with the object system, therefore,the development of MCU's responsibility inevitably falls on electrical, electronics manufacturers. From this point of view, Intel faded MCU development has its objective factors. In the development of MCU, the most famous manufacturers as the number of Philips Corporation. Philips company in embedded applications, its great advantage, the MCS-51 single-chip micro-computer from the rapid development of the micro-controller. Therefore, when we look back at the path of development of embedded systems, do not forget Intel and Philips in History. 二、Embedded Systems Embedded system microcontroller is an independent development path, the MCU important factor in the development stage, is seeking applications to maximize the solution on the chip; Therefore, the development of dedicated single chip SoC trend of the natural form. As the microelectronics, IC design, EDA tools development, application system based on MCU SoC design have greater development. Therefore, the understanding of the microcontroller chip microcomputer can be, extended to the single-chip micro-controller applications. 三、MCU applications SCM now permeate all areas of our lives, which is almost difficult to find traces of the field without SCM. Missile navigation equipment, aircraft, all types of instrument control, computer network communications and data transmission, industrial automation, real-time process control and data processing, extensive use of various smart IC card, civilian luxury car security system, video recorder, camera, fully automatic washing machine control, and program-controlled toys, electronic pet, etc., which are inseparable from the microcontroller. Not to mention the area of robot control, intelligent instruments, medical equipment was. Therefore, the MCU learning, development and application of the large number of computer applications and