高考英语复习6.定语从句（语法）

高考英语复习6.定语从句（语法）

语法讲座：定语从句

一、先行词、关系代词和关系副词

1．先行词(antecedent)就是被定语从句所修饰的名词。在英语中，定语从句跟在被修饰词之后，所以被修饰词就是“先行”的词。

2．连接定语从句，要用关系代词(relative pronoun)和关系副词(relative adverb)。关系代词和关系副词与连接词不完全相同，因为它们除了连接主句和定语从句，还在定语从句中代替一定的成分。

二、关系代词

1．who

先行词是“人”，在从句中代替主语。

注意：代替从句中的主语，who不能省略。who的单复数由先行词决定。但是要注意“one of +先行词”与“the only one of +先行词”的情况。

2．whom

先行词是“人”，在从句中代替宾语。

whom在从句中经常可以省略，但如果在介词后面，则不能省。

3．which

先行词是“物”，在从句中可以代替主语或宾语。

which代替主语时，不能省略，它的单复数由先行词决定。which 代替宾语时则经常省略，但如果在介词后面，那么也不能省略。

which的先行词有时还可以是前面的整个句子，这时它总是看成单数，也不能省略。

4．that

先行词可以是“人”，也可以是“物”，在从句中可以代替主语或者宾语。

that代替主语时，不能省略，代替宾语时则经常省略。

that不能用在介词之后。

在以下三种情况时，我们一般不用关系代词who, whom, 和

which，而只用that：

1）先行词是不定代词如anything, something, all等词，或由all, every, little, any, much, the very 等词所修饰；

2）先行词前有最高级形容词或序数词所修饰；

3）先行词是由and连接的两个词，分别指“人”和“物”。

5．whose

先行词可以是“人”，也可以是“物”，在从句中代替定语。

whose不能省略。如果先行词是“物”，我们也可以用sth. of which代替whose。

6．as

先行词是“such+名词”，或者“the same +名词”，在从句中代替主语或者宾语。

as不能省略。

as的先行词有时还可以是一个句子，这个句子可以放在as之前，也可以放在as之后。

三、关系副词

1．when

先行词是表示时间的名词，如time, day, year, century等，when 在从句中代替时间状语。

when一般不能省略。定语从句中，when可以用“介词+which”代替。

注意：表示时间的名词后面并不都是用when引导的定语从句，也可以是由which或that引导的定语从句。

2．where

先行词是表示地点的名词，如place, room, house, school, factory等，where在从句中代替地点状语。

where一般不能省略。定语从句中，where可以用“介词+which”代替。

注意：表示地点的名词后面并不一定都是用where引导的定语从句，也可以是由which或that 引导的定语从句。

3．why

先行词是reason。

why一般不省略。reason为先行词的时候，也可能是由which或that引导的从句。

四、限制性和非限制性定语从句

限制性定语从句跟主句的关系比较密切，如果缺少，对方将不明白你要表达的确切的意思，它跟主句之间不用逗号隔开，中文翻译的时候，常把从句放在名词之前。

非限制性定语从句只出现在书面，一般情况下，没有这个定语从句，对方也不会误解，或者说，这类定语从句只是一种补充说明，它与主句之间要用逗号隔开，翻译成中文时，常为两个句子。非限制性定语从句经常是用在先行词是专有名词的时候，或先行词表示的“人”或“物”是“独一无二的”。非限制性定语从句不能用that连接。

高考真题试析：

01年37题

He’s got himself into a dangerous situation ____ he is likely to lose control over the plane.

A. where

B. which

C. while

D. why

02年31题

Alec asked the policeman ____ he worked to contact him whenever there was an accident.

A. with him

B. who

C. with whom

D. whom

03年41题

I can think of many cases ____ students obviously knew a lot

of English w ords and expressions but couldn’t write a good essay.

A. why

B. which

C. as

D. where

04年36题

American women usually identify their best friend as someone ____ they can talk frequently.

A. who

B. as

C. about which

D. with whom

04年（春）36题

A fast food restaurant is the place ____, just as the name suggests, eating is performed quickly.

A. which

B. where

C. there

D. what

05年40题

If a shop has chairs ____ women can park their men, women will spend more time in the shop.

A. that

B. which

C. when

D. where

05年（春）34题

The United States is made up of fifty states, one of ____ is separated from the others by the Pacific Ocean.

A. them

B. those

C. which

D. whose

06年37题

In an hour, we can travel to places ____ would have taken our ancestors days to reach.

A. where

B. when

C. which

D. what

07年37题

His movie won several awards at the film festival, ____ was beyond his wildest dream.

A. which

B. that

C. where

D. it

08年（春）37题

Villagers here depend on the fishing industry, ____ there won’t be much work.

A. where

B. that

C. by which

D. without which

08年38题

We went through a period ____ communications were very difficult in the rural areas.

A. which

B. whose

C. in which

D. with which

练习：

1. Can you tell me the name of the factory ____ you visited last week?

A. what

B. where

C. /

D. whose

2. Wilma became the first American woman to win three Olympic gold medals in track, ____ made

her mother very proud.

A. it

B. that

C. which

D. what

3. I don’t like ____ you speak to her.

A. the way

B. the way in that

C. the way which

D. the way of which

4. Have you seen the film “Titanic”, ____ leading actor is world famous?

A. its

B. it’s

C. whose

D. which

5. The thought of going back home was ____ kept him happy while he was working abroad.

A. that

C. all what

D. which

6. They have succeeded in solving many problems in accordance with the new theory, ____ is

announced in today’s newspaper.

A. that

B. as

C. when

D. what

7. There are no such rules in selling liquor in China ____ in the U.K.

A. as there are

B. as are

C. when there are

D. which are

8. I sent invitation to 80 people, ____ have replied.

A. of whom only 20 of these

B. only 20 of these who

C. of whom only 20

D. only 20 who

9. We have to consider what to do in situations ____ there are many people involved.

A. where

B. when

C. whether

D. which

10. We’ve just installed central heating, ____ should make a tremendous difference to the house next

winter.

B. it

C. that

D. which

11. The death of her husband and the suffering ____ caused affected the young lady greatly.

A. that

B. it

C. what

D. which

12. That was said to be the worst traffic accident ____ on A20 Highway.

A. ever happening

B. ever happened

C. that had happened

D. which had happened

13. The mineral resources ____ modern industry depends are running out quickly.

A. that

B. where

C. in which

D. on which

14. The size of the audience, ____ we had expected, was more than 5 hundred.

A. whom

B. who

C. as

D. that

15. We can define a joke as something you say ____ causes laughter.

A. it

B. that

C. /

D. which

16. So angry was Kate at all ____ he was doing ____ she walked out without saying anything.

A. what; that

B. which; that

C. that; that

D. that; which

17. Living in the country has its advantages, ____ freedom from pollution is the best.

A. for what

B. which

C. of which

D. from that

18. I have got the same dictionary ____ my teacher showed us last week.

A. as

B. that C, which D. when

19. I still remember the place ____ used to be quiet and beautiful.

A. who

B. which

C. where

D. /

20. John has really changed a lot. He is not the same man ____.

A. like he was

B. who he was

C. as he was

D. that he was

21. There comes a time in everyone’s life ____.

A. which he needs

B. when he has to think

C. that he needs

D. why he has to think

22. The reason ____ she failed in the exam was ____ she hadn’t worked hard enough.

A. why; that

B. why; because

C. that; why

D. because; why

23. The professor has recommended some books ____ will certainly help you in your work.

A. which I am sure

B. I am sure which

C. of which I’m sure

D. and I’m sure which

24. He made another wonderful discovery, ____ of great importance to mankind.

A. which I think is

B. which I think it is

C. that I think is

D. that I think it is

25. The writer and his books ____ are known to us all are welcome here.

A. that

B. which

C. who

D. what

26. It is said that the dog ____ is still worth 1000 yuan.

A. whose left eye is blind

B. of which the left eye is blind

C. which is blind in the left eye

D. which is blinded its left eye

27. Language is like a huge city, to the building of ____ every human being has brought a stone.

A. which

B. that

C. it

D. this

28. There are 48 students in our class, ____ two-thirds are girls.

A. which

B. that

C. of whom

D. of which

29. You can find whatever you need in the shopping centre, ____ is always busy at the weekend.

A. that

B. where

C. what

D. which

30. The school is famous for such strict rules ____ good for students in forming good habits.

A. that are

B. as is

C. as are

D. that is

31. I’ll never forget the years ____ I spent in the country with

the farmers, ____ has a great effect on

my life.

A. when; which

B. when; that

C. that; which

D. which; when

32. Farmers no longer live only on crops in the area ____ the highway is built.

A. where

B. which

C. that

D. in that

33. Is it in the factory ____ your father works ____ we’ll work for two weeks?

A. where; that

B. where; where

C. that; where

D. that; that

34. The company will not employ ____ eyesight is weak.

A. whoever whose

B. anyone whose

C. someone of whom

D. anyone else’s

35. The biggest single hobby in western countries ____ western people spend their most time, energy

and money is gardening.

A. in which

B. where

C. that

D. on which

36. The goals ____ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.

A. at which

B. with which

C. after which

D. for which

37. Children under sixteen are discouraged to see such films ____ have too many bloody violent

scenes.

A. that

B. as

C. which

D. /

38. Glen saw a film with his girl friend, ____ they had dinner at a nearby restaurant.

A. when

B. which

C. after which

D. that after

39. All of the flowers now raised here have developed from those ____ in the forest.

A. once they grew

B. they grew once

C. that once grew

D. once grew

40. He may be late, in ____ case we ought to wait for him.

A. whose

B. its

C. which

D. that

41. Mr Black, ____ we have a sincere respect, is quite outstanding in the field of natural science.

A. of whom

B. who

C. for whom

D. whom

42. The teachers hope the little ____ they have been doing will be useful when their students leave

school.

A. what

B. that

C. which

D. who

43. The melting point is the temperature ____ a solid changes into a liquid.

A. which

B. that

C. at which

D. in that

44. In 1850, Yale University established Sheffield Scientific School, ____.

A. which was educated engineers there

B. in which were engineers educated

C. where engineers were educated

D. where were engineers educated

45. All those ____ were watching the 100-metre dash applauded, giving a big hand to the gold medal

winner.

A. which

B. who

D. whom

46. ____ we have to complete the construction is 2 million dollars.

A. All what

B. That all

C. All that

D. Which

47. The course normally attracts twenty students per year, ____ up to half will be from overseas.

A. of whom

B. of which

C. who

D. which

48. More and more scientists have made new discoveries ____ challenge our established theories of the universe.

A. when

B. where

C. what

D. that

49. She heard a terrible noise, ____ brought her heart into her mouth.

A. it

B. which

C. this

D. that

50. The weather turned out to be very good, ____ was more than we could expect.

A. what

B. which

D. it

51. After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town ____ he grew up as a child.

A. which

B. where

C. that

D. when

52. Carol said the work would be done by October, ____ personally I doubt very much.

A. it

B. that

C. when

D. which

53. Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, ____, of course, made the others

unhappy.

A. who

B. which

C. this

D. what

54. The film brought the hours back to me ____ I was taken good care of in that faraway village.

A. until

B. that

C. when

D. where

55. ____ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.

A. It

C. That

D. What

56. The old man still remembers those happy years ____ he lived in the country with his grand parents,

____ has left a life-long impression on him.

A. that; which

B. when; which

C. which; that

D. when; who

57. In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30 p.m., ____ many people have gone home.

A. whose time

B. that

C. on which

D. by which time

58. He was rude to the customs officer, ____ of course made things even worse.

A. who

B. whom

C. what

D. which

59. ____ is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior high schools is increasing.

A. Which

B. As

C. That

D. It

60. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, ____ was very reasonable.

A. which price

B. the price of which

C. its price

D. the price of whose

61. I often spend weekends in Shanghai Library, ____ I can find a lot to read.

A. where

B. as

C. which

D. that

62. The first place ____ we will visit is the factory ____ produces vitamin pills.

A. that; which

B. which; that

C. where; that

D. that; where

63. The science of medicine, ____ progress has been very rapid lately, is perhaps the most important

of all the science.

A. in which

B. to which

C. which

D. which

64. Has all ____ can be done ____?

A. what; done

B. that; been done

C. that; already done

D. what; already been done

65. You shouldn’t have asked him the same question ____ I asked a moment ago.

A. like

B. which

C. what

D. as

66. Is there anything ____ I can do for you at the moment?

A. which

B. /

C. of which

D. by which

67. Do you believe the reason ____ Mary mentioned just now for her being absent?

A. which

B. for which

C. why

D. what

68. The man ____ report ____ we have just read is a famous journalist.

A. who; which

B. who; /

C. whose; /

D. who; whose

69. The germ theory of disease, ____ its name suggests, means that some diseases are caused by

germs.

A. which

B. as

C. by which

D. through which

70. Mr Herein is one of the foreign experts who ____ here in our hospital.

A. works

B. is working

C. has worked

D. are working

高考英语复习6.定语从句（语法）

高考英语复习6.定语从句（语法） 语法讲座：定语从句 一、先行词、关系代词和关系副词 1．先行词(antecedent)就是被定语从句所修饰的名词。在英语中，定语从句跟在被修饰词之后，所以被修饰词就是“先行”的词。 2．连接定语从句，要用关系代词(relative pronoun)和关系副词(relative adverb)。关系代词和关系副词与连接词不完全相同，因为它们除了连接主句和定语从句，还在定语从句中代替一定的成分。 二、关系代词 1．who 先行词是“人”，在从句中代替主语。 注意：代替从句中的主语，who不能省略。who的单复数由先行词决定。但是要注意“one of +先行词”与“the only one of +先行词”的情况。 2．whom 先行词是“人”，在从句中代替宾语。 whom在从句中经常可以省略，但如果在介词后面，则不能省。 3．which 先行词是“物”，在从句中可以代替主语或宾语。 which代替主语时，不能省略，它的单复数由先行词决定。which 代替宾语时则经常省略，但如果在介词后面，那么也不能省略。 which的先行词有时还可以是前面的整个句子，这时它总是看成单数，也不能省略。 4．that 先行词可以是“人”，也可以是“物”，在从句中可以代替主语或者宾语。 that代替主语时，不能省略，代替宾语时则经常省略。 that不能用在介词之后。 在以下三种情况时，我们一般不用关系代词who, whom, 和

which，而只用that： 1）先行词是不定代词如anything, something, all等词，或由all, every, little, any, much, the very 等词所修饰； 2）先行词前有最高级形容词或序数词所修饰； 3）先行词是由and连接的两个词，分别指“人”和“物”。 5．whose 先行词可以是“人”，也可以是“物”，在从句中代替定语。 whose不能省略。如果先行词是“物”，我们也可以用sth. of which代替whose。 6．as 先行词是“such+名词”，或者“the same +名词”，在从句中代替主语或者宾语。 as不能省略。 as的先行词有时还可以是一个句子，这个句子可以放在as之前，也可以放在as之后。 三、关系副词 1．when 先行词是表示时间的名词，如time, day, year, century等，when 在从句中代替时间状语。 when一般不能省略。定语从句中，when可以用“介词+which”代替。 注意：表示时间的名词后面并不都是用when引导的定语从句，也可以是由which或that引导的定语从句。 2．where 先行词是表示地点的名词，如place, room, house, school, factory等，where在从句中代替地点状语。 where一般不能省略。定语从句中，where可以用“介词+which”代替。 注意：表示地点的名词后面并不一定都是用where引导的定语从句，也可以是由which或that 引导的定语从句。

高考英语语法专题复习 定语从句 知识清单

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高考英语语法定语从句讲解与练习附答案

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充当一定成分的连接词称为关系词。上面例句2 中的who 即为关系次。 1）代词的作用：who 指代了 people，并在从句中作主语。 2）连接作用：连接主句和从句。who 连接主句I don't like people 和从句 who never keep their word 的作用。 二、关系词在定语从句充当的成分 关系词必须在定语从句中充当某种成分，比如主语、宾语、或表语等等。且不同的先行词要由不同的关系词来指代，而且在定从中，我们关心的往往是关系词在定语从句中所充当的成分，不关心定语从句是修饰主句的哪个名词。 1.关系词用作从句的主语 The woman is a famous dancer and she lives next door. 可改写成The woman who lives next door is a famous dancer. 注意：定语从句的谓语动词形式是由关系词所指代的先行词来决定的，而不是取决于关系词本身。 I like guys（复数)）who have a good sense of humor. Anger is a thief（单数）who steals away the nice moments.

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1：考点梳理 1.引导定语从句的关系词； 2.限制性与非限制性定语从句的区别； 3.“介词＋关系代词”的结构； 4.关系词之间的异同及选用。 考点1定语从句的种类 (1)限制性定语从句 从句在句中是不可缺少的部分，去掉后主句意思往往不明确，与主句之间不用逗号隔开。 This is the house which we bought last month. (2)非限制性定语从句 从句是对主句或先行词的补充和说明，去掉后不影响主句的意思，与主句之间往往用逗号隔开。 The house, which we bought last month, is very nice. 当先行词是专有名词或被物主代词/指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。 Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词，对其进行修饰，这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。 He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.

2021年高考英语语法核心考点复习：定语从句知识点

2021年高考英语语法核心考点复习：定语从句知识点 在复合句中作定语的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，定语从句一般位于先行词之后，引导定语从句的词叫关系词，可分为关系代词和关系副词。关系词放在先行词和定语从句之间，引导定语从句，同时它又作定语从句的一个成分。使用什么样的关系词要根据先行词在定语从句中所作的句子成分而定。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时不能省略，作宾语时在限定性定语从句中可省略，但如果直接置于介词之后作宾语，则不可省略。关系代词which 或whom 在从句中作介词的宾语时，介词一般可放在 which 或whom之前，也可放在从句原来的位子上，在含有介词的动词固定词组中，介词只能放在原来位子上，而不放在 which 或whom 之前。 关系代词: 1. who（指人，主格）在定语从句中who 作主语。如： This is the doctor who saved the boy’s life. 这就是救了那个男孩的医生。 The students who don’t study hard now will not work very well in the future. 现在学习不努力的学生将来也不会很好地工作。 It is dangerous to let the children who aren’t old enough swim alone in the river.

让那些年龄不够大的孩子们单独去河里游泳是危险的。 This is the girl who I think is a good student. 这就是我认为是个好学生的那个女孩。 （此处关系词只能用主格who，原因是先行词the girl在定语从句中作了I think的宾语从句的主语，还原为： I think the girl is a good student.可知是在定语从句中作主语。） 2. whom（指人，宾格）在定语从句中作宾语。在限定性定语从句中通常可以省略，但如果直接置于介词之后作宾语，则不可省略。如： The professor (whom) they want to visit is president of the university. 他们想拜访的那位教授是这所大学的校长。 The friend (whom) I was travelling with could speak French fluently. =The friend with whom I was travelling could speak French fluently.和我一起旅行的朋友会讲流利的法语。 In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person (whom)she could turn to for help. =In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person to whom she could turn for help. 在漆黑的街上，她连一个求助的人都找不到。 In the factory there are more than three hundred workers, 50 per cent of whom are young people.

高考英语语法复习定语从句讲义

定语从句 定语从句的核心考点 1.功能：相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语。 2.位置：定语从句置于被修饰词之后。 Those who are for the plan raise your hands，please. 3.先行词：被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词。 先行词一般是名词和不定代词，如：some-，any-，every-和no-与-body，-thing的合成词；或all，none，any，some，that，those等代词。数词也可以作先行词，人称代词也同样可作先行词。 4.关系词：连接先行词与从句的词叫关系词。 关系代词：who，whom，which，that，whose，as等 关系副词：when，where，why等 5.确定关系词的步骤： (1)先找先行词，看先行词指的是什么。 (2)看关系词在从句中所充当的成分。 注意：先行词与关系词是等量关系。 (1)先行词在从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的数由先行词而定。 This is the place which is worth visiting. (2)关系词在从句句子中充当了成分，其意思就是先行词的意义，所以在从句中不能重复其意。 There are many places we can visit (them) in China. 6.在定语从句中，当先行词指物时，下列情况的关系词宜用that而不用which： (1)当先行词是序数词或形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时。 (2)先行词被all，every，no，some，any，little，much，the only，the very，few等修饰时。 (3)先行词为all，much，little，none，few，something，anything等不定代词时。 (4)先行词中既有人又有物时。 He was looking pleasantly at the children and parcels that filled his bus. (5)先行词在主句中作表语时。 The village is no longer the one that was 5 years ago. (6)当主句是以which开头的特殊疑问句时。

高考英语一轮复习：语法专题6(定语从句)

2016高考英语一轮复习：语法专题6（定语从句） 高三英语一轮复习专题6 定语从句 Ⅰ.语法单句填空 1．The Gate of Fortune, from ________ top visitors can enjoy a wonderful sea view, will attract lots of tourists. 答案：whose句意为：从富贵门之上远远眺望，旅游者能够享受完美的海景，这将会吸引大批的旅游者。关系代词whose作定语修饰top。 2．At the end of the joke she gave a horse laugh ________ could be heard a street away. 答案：that/which句意为：讲完笑话之后，她发出像马一样的笑声，一个街区外都能听到。先行词为laugh，且在从句中充当主语，应用that或which。 3．—We were surprised to hear that the reason ________ she gave for her absence was ________ her mother was ill. —Yes, we saw her mother was at the supermarket that morning. 答案：that/which；that句意为：——我们很惊讶地听到她为她的缺席给出的原因是她妈妈病了。——是的，我们今早在超级市场看见她妈了。the reason作先行词，且关系词在从句中充当give的宾语，故填that/which；第二空考查the reason... is that这个常用句型，that引导表语从句。 4．In our class there are 46 students of ________ half wear glasses. 答案：whom句意为：我们班级有46名学生，其中一半都戴眼镜。whom引导的非限制性定语从句，充当of的宾语。 5．Life is like an onion, ________ sometimes makes you weep when you try to open it. 答案：which句意为：生活就像洋葱，当你试图打开它时，它会让你流泪。which引导非限制性定语从句，并在从句中充当主语。 6．Parents should pay attention to the cases ________ their children have difficulty ________(adapt) to new surroundings. 答案：where; (in)adapting句意为：父母应该注重孩子们对适合周围环境有困难这件事。句型have difficulty (in) doing sth.做某事有困难。case作先行词引导定语从句时，若从句中不缺主语和宾语，一般用关系副词where。 7．What the separatists did on Mar. 1st in Kunming was extremely violent, ________ will only add to the importance the country attaches to the unity of all ethnic groups. 答案：which句意为：3月1日分裂分子在昆明的所作所为相当暴力，这只会让国家更重视强化各民族团结。which引导非限制性定语从句且在从句中充当主语。 8．(2014·湖南长沙重点中学第七次月考)—When did he come back last night? —It was at 8 o'clock ________ I was watching a documentary on TV. 答案：when分析句式结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，句中先行词为8 o'clock，在定语从句中作时间状语，故用关系副词when。句意为：——昨晚他什么时候回来的？——8点钟，当时我正在看一部电视纪录片。 9．I'll ask the teacher about the subjunctive mood ________ I'm very puzzled about; and that's also ________ most of our classmates have doubt. 答案：that/which; where句意为：我会向老师询问让我非常困惑的虚拟语气，这也是我们大多数同学疑惑的地方。第一空引导定语从句，先行词为the subjunctive mood，在从句中充当about的宾语，关系词用that/which。第二空引导表语从句，where在表语从句中充当地点状语。 10．Lee Min-ho, ________ music and films are loved by many teenagers, was invited to perform in the 2014 Spring Festival Gala. 答案：whose句意为：李敏镐的音乐和电影被很多年轻人喜欢，他被邀请在2014年的春晚上表演。whose 引导定语从句，修饰music and films。

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2、as 的用法 （1）常用于下列结构：such…as; so…as;the same…as; as…as 注意：the same…as 表示同一类，不同一个the same…that 表示同一个 （2）as与which的区别 a、位置不同 as可放在主句后，主句前或主句中间；which只能放在主句后。 b、as起连接作用，表达说话人的观点、看法，并指出主句内容的根据或出处，意为“正如，正像”。 Which相当于并列句，可以用and this来代替，意为“这一点，这件事’”。 注意：as常用于下列结构：as we know/ as is known to all, as we all can see, as has been said before/above,as might be excepted, as is often the case, 一般不能用which代替as。

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2020;2020年高考英语语法复习讲义：定语从句 定语从句 定语从句（Attributi高考资源网ve Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。 关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。 关系副词有：when, where, why等。 关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 1）who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下： Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语） He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语） 2) Whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）, 例如： They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。 Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。 3）which, that

它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如： A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作宾语） The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作宾语） 关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。 1）when, where, why 关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构，因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用，例如： There are occasions when (on which) one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。 Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.北京是我的出生地。 Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？ 2）that代替关系副词 that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和"介词+ which"引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略，例如： His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born.他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。 He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。 判断关系代词与关系副词 方法一：用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面