高一英语语法复习之定语从句

高一英语语法总复习定语从句

一、定语从句的基本概念

由关系代词或副词引导一个句子来修饰一个名词、代词亦或一个句子的从句被称之为定语从句(又称形容词性从句)，是跟名词性从句以及状语从句(又称副词性从句)相齐名的三大从句之一。

1.定语从句的要素

一是先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词，亦或是一个句子；

二是关系词：引导定语从句的词，又分成关系代词和关系副词；

三是关系词在定语从句中所要充当的充分：关系代词在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语或定

语；关系副词在从句中只可以充当状语。

①Gun control is a subject __________ Americans have argued about for a long time.

②The news will be most welcome to those ___________ jobs are poorly paid.

③The town _________ we visited last week is the one __________ the famous painter was born.

④I often think of the days _________I stayed with you, ______ has had a great effect on my life.

⑤Many westerners _________ come to China cook much less than in their own countries.

2.定语从句的种类

限制性定语从句：从句对其所修饰的先行词起限制作用，若没有了这个从句，句子意思要么不完整要么就意思发生改变，故主从句之间不用逗号隔开。

Finally he reached a lonely island __________ was completely cut off from the outside world.

非限制性定语从句：从句对其所修饰的先行词补充说明，若没有这个从句，句意相对完整，故主从句之间往往用逗号隔开。

The result of the experiment was very good, _________we hadn’t expected.

二、关系代(副)词的基本用法

1.

①

animals.

②She brought with her three friends, none of _________ I had ever met before.

③The report _____________ Mr Smith handed in was about the motor race.

④My friend showed me around the town, ___________ was very kind of him.

⑤The girl __________legs was broken in the earthquake was taken to the hospital immediately.

⑥_________ is known to all, China will be an advanced and powerful country in 20 or 30 years.

2.关系代词的用法注意点

（1）定语从句中，只能用关系代词that的情况

①先行词为all, everything, anything, nothing, little, much等不定代词时

Now all _______ is urgently needed is money and hands.

②先行词被all, any, every, each, much, little, no, some, few等修饰时

We heard clearly every word _______ he said.

③先行词有形容词最高级和序数词修饰时

This is the most interesting storybook _______ that I have ever read.

④先行词既指人又指物时

She described in her compositions the people and places _______ impressed her most.

⑤先行词被the only, the very, the same等修饰时

He’s the only boy in our town _______ enters the Beijing University.

⑥句中已经有who或which时，为了避免重复时

Who is the girl _______ drove the car?

（2）定语从句中，不能用关系代词that的情况

▲在非限制性定语从句中，只能用which指代事/物，用who/whom指人, 不能用that;

He had failed in the maths exam, _________made his father very angry.

He feels honored to work with Mr Li, ________has a good reputation in the business.

▲在由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，只能用which指物，whom指人, 不能用that; The house in _________we live is very large.

A doctor with _________ James used to work died in the 2016 earthquake in Educator.

▲先行词本身是that时，关系词用which, 先行词为those, one, he时常常用who;

God help those _________help themselves.

▲有两个定语从句时，为了避免重复，一个用了that, 另外一个则用which 或who。

Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library ________was newly open to us.

3.

3.

(1).where引导的定语从句

关系副词where引导定语从句时，只能在定语从句中作地点状语，其修饰的名词必须是表示(具体或抽象的)地点的名词。特别注意下面这些表示地点的抽象名词：atmosphere(氛围）, case（情况）, situation（情况，形势）, point（地点；阶段）, stage（舞台；阶段）, position（位置）等。例：We all admire and respect our English teacher because she has a gift for creating an atmosphere _______ we can communicate freely with each other.

(2) when引导的定语从句

关系副词when引导定语从句时, 只能在定语从句中作时间状语，其修饰的名词必须是表示时间的名词。但是有些名词不是一眼就能看出是表示时间的，要经过认真分析才能确定。

例：Spring Festival is the most important festival in China and an occasion _______ all family members get together, just like Christmas in the West.

(3)The reason why(定语从句)...is that(表语从句)...…为什么……的原因是……

The reason ____ he refused to attend the meeting was _____they didn’t sent him an invitation earlier.

★注意区分

●关系代词和关系副词的区别

选用关系代词还是关系副词来引导定语从句，要看定语从句缺什么成分。如果缺主语、宾语或定语，就用关系代词(who,that, which, whose, whom, as等)，如果缺状语，就用关系副词（when, where, why）

①The mountain village ___________I stayed for a night last year has taken on a new look.

②The mountain village ___________I visited last year has taken on a new look.

③I will never forget the days ______________I spent in the countryside with the farmers.

④I will never forget the days ________I lived in the countryside with the farmers.

⑤The reason _________he explained for his being late was that he had missed the early bus.

⑥The reason ___________he was late was that he had missed the early bus.

●as和which指代主句的内容时所引导的定语从句的区别

如果有“正如，象”的含义，并可以放在主句前，也可以放在后面，甚至可以插在主句中间，那么用as；而which引导的从句一般放在主句后，并无“正如”的意思。

①A lot of language learning, _______ has been discovered, is happening in the first year of life, so parents should talk much to their children during that period.

②Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T-shirt, _______ is a stupid thing to do in such weather.

●the way做先行词时，定语从句可以用that或in which引导或是省略

What surprised me was not what he said but the way________ he said it.

三、选用关系词的方法：一“找”二“还”三“替换”

找：就是找出主句、从句、先行词和关系词

还：根据先行词提供的意思，大胆地把定语从句还原为完整的一句话，（可以添词）

替换：用关系词替换关系词还原后的部分，做主语和宾语用关系代词，做状语用关系副词（时间状语用when，地点状语用where, 原因状语用why）

练习：利用一“找”二“还”三“替换”的方法选择正确的关系词填空。

1. Is this the reason ______ he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?

2. Is this the reason ______ he was so careless in his work?

3. In an hour, we travel to places_______ could have taken our ancestors days to reach.

4. The place _______interested me most was the Children's Palace.

5. The place _______he had a good time last Sunday was the Children's Palace.

6. I’ll never forget the days _____ we spent together.

7. The old temple, _______ roof was damaged in storm, is now under repair.

8. Stephen Hawking believes that the earth is unlikely to be the only planet ______ life has developed gradually.

9. I walked up to the top of the hill with my friend, ______ we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.

10. She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students _______ allows them to communicate freely with each other.

11. By 16:30, ______was almost closing time, nearly all the paintings had been sold.

12. The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors, _____ are beyond our control.

13. Christmas is the only time of the year, _______ men and women open their hearts freely and think of other people.

14. Julie was good at German, French and Russian , all of _________ she spoke fluently.

15. I refuse to accept the blame for something ________ was someone else’s fault.

16. The doctor did all ___________ he could to save the wounded boy.

17. There is no difficulty _______ can't be overcome in the world.

18. The most important thing ______ we should pay attention to is the first thing ______ I have said.

19. The TV play I watched last night is the best one _______ I have watched this year.

20. This is the very film ________ I've long wished to see.

21. We’re talking about the piano and the pianist ________ were in the concert we attended last night

22. All the passengers and suitcases _______ were still waiting on the broken down bus had to be

transferred to another long distance bus.

23. Those __________ learn not only from books but also through practice will succeed.

24.We live in an age _________people can communicate more easily than ever before.

25.In ancient China lived an artist _________ paintings were almost lifelike.

26.Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, _______ lived from roughly 551 to

479 B.C., influenced the development of chopsticks.

语法填空

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

A

Cultural heritage is important because it helps people connect with others 1.________have similar backgrounds and provides a sense of unity (团结）and belonging (归属）.

Two types of cultural heritage 2.__________________(protect) throughout the world now: tangible (物质的，有形的）cultural heritage and intangible (非物质的，无形的）cultural heritage. In order to understand cultural heritage, a person must see the value in it. When people value it, they began to care about it and enjoy 3. _________(they) cultural heritage. Once they enjoy it, the heritage becomes much 4. __________(easy) to understand. This cycle is called the heritage cycle, 5.________can help people understand cultures that are hundreds or even thousands years old.

People 6.__________(live) in large cities often find comfort in searching for cultural heritage. In the areas 7._________it is easy to feel lonely, seeking out others who have the same heritage provides friendship based on common ground. 8._____________(tradition) thought to be outdated (过时的）often have more meaning when shared with others. By learning where a person comes from and what is important 9. ______ their culture, people can broaden their horizons. Then as they teach it to younger generations, they help to make sure the culture 10. __________(last) for years to come.

B

The 1.____________(erupt) of Mount Vesuvius in 79C.E. took the people of Pompeii by surprise. They had always known that the mountain was a volcano but it had been quiet for so long 2._______ nobody saw it as a threat. 3. _________ the volcano finally did erupt, it was so quick and so severe that the town was soon covered in lava and ash. A writer who was there during the eruption 4. ____________(describe) how lava was thrown into the air like a fountain.

After it fell to earth, it turned 5. ______ wave of lava that travelled down the mountain 6. ________(fast) than people could run away. It was 7. ________ absolute disaster for those 8. _________ could not escape in time. Many of the wooden houses and bungalows (平房) in Pompeii were burned to the ground, 9. ________ the stone houses remained under the ash until they 10. _________________(rediscover) during the 20th century.

答案版：

一、定语从句的基本概念

由关系代词或副词引导一个句子来修饰一个名词、代词亦或一个句子的从句被称之为定语从句(又称形容词性从句)，是跟名词性从句以及状语从句(又称副词性从句)相齐名的三大从句之一。

2.定语从句的要素

一是先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词，亦或是一个句子；

二是关系词：引导定语从句的词，又分成关系代词和关系副词；

三是关系词在定语从句中所要充当的充分：关系代词在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语或定

语；关系副词在从句中只可以充当状语。

①Gun control is a subject which / that Americans have argued about for a long time.

②The news will be most welcome to those whose jobs are poorly paid.

③The town which /that we visited last week is the one where the famous painter was born.

④I often think of the days when I stayed with you,which has had a great effect on my life.

⑤Many westerners who/ that come to China cook much less than in their own countries.

3.定语从句的种类

限制性定语从句：从句对其所修饰的先行词起限制作用，若没有了这个从句，句子意思要么不完整要么就意思发生改变，故主从句之间不用逗号隔开。

Finally he reached a lonely island which / that was completely cut off from the outside world.

非限制性定语从句：从句对其所修饰的先行词补充说明，若没有这个从句，句意相对完整，故主从句之间往往用逗号隔开。

The result of the experiment was very good, which we hadn’t expected.

二、关系代(副)词的基本用法

1.

①They were well trained by their masters who /that had great experience with caring for these animals.

②She brought with her three friends, none of whom I had ever met before.

③The report which/ that Mr Smith handed in was about the motor race.

④My friend showed me around the town, which was very kind of him.

⑤The girl whose legs was broken in the earthquake was taken to the hospital immediately.

⑥As is known to all, China will be an advanced and powerful country in 20 or 30 years.

4.关系代词的用法注意点

（1）定语从句中，只能用关系代词that的情况

①先行词为all, everything, anything, nothing, little, much等不定代词时

Now all that is urgently needed is money and hands.

②先行词被all, any, every, each, much, little, no, some, few等修饰时

We heard clearly every word that he said.

③先行词有形容词最高级和序数词修饰时

This is the most interesting storybook that I have ever read.

④先行词既指人又指物时

She described in her compositions the people and places that impressed her most.

⑤先行词被the only, the very, the same等修饰时

He’s the only boy in our town that enters the Beijing University.

⑥句中已经有who或which时，为了避免重复时

Who is the girl that drove the car?

（2）定语从句中，不能用关系代词that的情况

▲在非限制性定语从句中，只能用which指代事/物，用who/whom指人, 不能用that;

He had failed in the maths exam, which made his father very angry.

He feels honored to work with Mr Li, who has a good reputation in the business.

▲在由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，只能用which指物，whom指人, 不能用that; The house in which we live is very large.

A doctor with whom James used to work died in the 2016 earthquake in Educator.

▲先行词本身是that时，关系词用which, 先行词为those, one, he时常常用who;

God help those who help themselves.

▲有两个定语从句时，为了避免重复，一个用了that, 另外一个则用which 或who。

Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us.

3.

5.

(1).where引导的定语从句

关系副词where引导定语从句时，只能在定语从句中作地点状语，其修饰的名词必须是表示(具体或抽象的)地点的名词。特别注意下面这些表示地点的抽象名词：atmosphere(氛围）, case（情况）, situation（情况，形势）, point（地点；阶段）, stage（舞台；阶段）, position（位置）等。例：We all admire and respect our English teacher because she has a gift for creating an atmosphere where we can communicate freely with each other.

(2) when引导的定语从句

关系副词when引导定语从句时, 只能在定语从句中作时间状语，其修饰的名词必须是表示时间的名词。但是有些名词不是一眼就能看出是表示时间的，要经过认真分析才能确定。

例：Spring Festival is the most important festival in China and an occasion when all family members get together, just like Christmas in the West.

(4)The reason why(定语从句)...is that(表语从句)...……为什么……的原因是……

The reason why he refused to attend the meeting was that they didn’t sent him an invitation earlier.

★注意区分

●关系代词和关系副词的区别

选用关系代词还是关系副词来引导定语从句，要看定语从句缺什么成分。如果缺主语、宾语或定语，就用关系代词(who,that, which, whose, whom, as等)，如果缺状语，就用关系副词（when, where, why）

①The mountain village where I stayed for a night last year has taken on a new look.

②The mountain village which / that I visited last year has taken on a new look.

③I will never forget the days which / that I spent in the countryside with the farmers.

④I will never forget the days when I lived in the countryside with the farmers.

⑤The reason which/ that he explained for his being late was that he had missed the early

bus.

⑥The reason why he was late was that he had missed the early bus.

●as和which指代主句的内容时所引导的定语从句的区别

如果有“正如，象”的含义，并可以放在主句前，也可以放在后面，甚至可以插在主句中间，那么用as；而which引导的从句一般放在主句后，并无“正如”的意思。

①A lot of language learning, as has been discovered, is happening in the first year of life, so parents should talk much to their children during that period.

②Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T-shirt, which is a stupid thing to do in such weather.

●the way做先行词时，定语从句可以用that或in which引导或是省略

What surprised me was not what he said but the way that / in which /不填he said it.

四、选用关系词的方法：一“找”二“还”三“替换”

找：就是找出主句、从句、先行词和关系词

还：根据先行词提供的意思，大胆地把定语从句还原为完整的一句话，（可以添词）

替换：用关系词替换关系词还原后的部分，做主语和宾语用关系代词，做状语用关系副词（时间状语用when，地点状语用where, 原因状语用why）

练习：利用一“找”二“还”三“替换”的方法选择正确的关系词填空。

1. Is this the reason which/ that he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?

2. Is this the reason why he was so careless in his work?

3. In an hour, we travel to places which / that could have taken our ancestors days to reach.

4. The place which / that interested me most was the Children's Palace.

5. The place where he had a good time last Sunday was the Children's Palace.

6. I’ll never forget the days which / that we spent together.

7. The old temple, whose roof was damaged in storm, is now under repair.

8. Stephen Hawking believes that the earth is unlikely to be the only planet where life has developed gradually.

9. I walked up to the top of the hill with my friend, where we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.

10. She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students which/that allows them to communicate freely with each other.

11. By 16:30, which was almost closing time, nearly all the paintings had been sold.

12. The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors, which are beyond our control.

13. Christmas is the only time of the year, when men and women open their hearts freely and

think of other people.

14. Julie was good at German, French and Russian , all of which she spoke fluently.

15. I refuse to accept the blame for something that was someone else’s fault.

16. The doctor did all _that he could to save the wounded boy.

17. There is no difficulty that can't be overcome in the world.

18. The most important thing that we should pay attention to is the first thing that I have said.

19. The TV play I watched last night is the best one that I have watched this year.

20. This is the very film that I've long wished to see.

21. We’re talking about the piano and the piani st that were in the concert we attended last night

22. All the passengers and suitcases that were still waiting on the broken down bus had to be transferred to another long distance bus.

23. Those who learn not only from books but also through practice will succeed.

24.We live in an age when people can communicate more easily than ever before.

25. In ancient China lived an artist whose paintings were almost lifelike.

26. Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, who lived from roughly 551 to 479

B.C., influenced the development of chopsticks.

语法填空

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

A

Cultural heritage is important because it helps people connect with others 1.who / that_have similar backgrounds and provides a sense of unity (团结）and belonging(归属）.

Two types of cultural heritage 2. are being protected(protect) throughout the world now: tangible (物质的，有形的）cultural heritage and intangible (非物质的，无形的）cultural heritage. In order to understand cultural heritage, a person must see the value in it. When people value it, they began to care about it and enjoy 3. their (they) cultural heritage. Once they enjoy it, the heritage becomes much 4. easier_(easy) to understand. This cycle is called the heritage cycle, 5.which can help people understand cultures that are hundreds or even thousands years old.

People 6.living (live) in large cities often find comfort in searching for cultural heritage. In the areas 7.where it is easy to feel lonely, seeking out others who have the same heritage provides friendship based on common ground. 8. Traditions (tradition) thought to be outdated (过时的）often have more meaning when shared with others. By learning where a person comes from and what is important 9. to their culture, people can broaden their horizons. Then as they teach it to younger generations, they help to make sure the culture 10. lasts (last) for years to come.

B

The 1.eruption (erupt) of Mount Vesuvius in 79C.E. took the people of Pompeii by surprise. They had always known that the mountain was a volcano but it had been quiet for so long 2.that nobody saw it as a threat. 3. When the volcano finally did erupt, it was so quick and so severe that the town was soon covered in lava and ash. A writer who was there during the eruption 4. described (describe) how lava was thrown into the air like a fountain.

After it fell to earth, it turned 5. into wave of lava that travelled down the mountain 6. faster (fast) than people could run away. It was 7. an absolute disaster for those 8. who could not escape in time. Many of the wooden houses and bungalows (平房) in Pompeii were burned to the ground, 9. but the stone houses remained under the ash until they 10. were rediscovered (rediscover) during the 20th century.

高一英语语法复习之定语从句

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