高级英语10单元课文解析及课后答案

Lesson Ten The Trial That Rocked the World

词汇注释：

sweltering adj. being uncomfortably hot; suffering from the heat 热得难受的例：a sweltering climate 闷热的气候

counsel n. a lawyer or group of lawyers giving advice about legal matters and representing clients in court. 辩护律师，法律参谋

例：The court heard the counsel for both sides. 法庭听取了双方律师的陈述。

silver-tongued adj. eloquent, persuasive 雄辩的，有口才的

orator n. person who makes formal speeches in public; person who is good at public speaking.

演说者，演说家

例：a fine political orator 优秀的政治演说家

nominee n.person who is nominated for an office, a position, etc. 被提名的候选人，被任命之人

testify v. give evidence; declare as a witness, esp. in court 提供证据，作证例：The teacher testified to the boy’s honesty. 老师证明那孩子很老实。/Two witnesses testified against her and one in her favour. 有两个证人的证词对她不利，另一个人的对她有利。

同义词：verify, confirm, prove

verify指通过调查或者与可弄清的事实的比拟来证明某事是对的，如：The driver’s report of the accident was verified by eye-witnesses.〔这位司机的事故报告由目睹者加以证实。〕confirm 指证实某些不确定的事情，消息或谣言是真的，如：The hotel confirmed our reservation by telegram.〔那家旅馆打来电报证实我们已预订了房间。〕prove指用足够的证据来确证某事是否真实，如：I shall prove to you that the witness is quite unreliable.〔我将向你们证明这个证人是非常不可靠的。〕testify指作证，尤指正式在法庭上作证。

反义词：contradict, dispute, doubt

jury n. group of people in a law court who have been chosen to listen to the facts in a case and to decide whether the accused person is guilty or not guilty 陪审团

例：Seven men and five women sat on the jury. 陪审团由七男五女组成。

erupt v. burst forth or out, as from restraint 迸发，爆发，喷出；break out suddenly and violently 突然发生

例：The demonstration erupted into violence. 示威游行中突然出现了武斗。

同义词：explode, burst

这些词都指仿佛由于某种内部力量而突然猛烈的爆发，翻开或是分开。explode指物理现象，气体的突然膨胀着火，以及相当大的能量释放的一刹那。它从爆发这种意义来讲，比其它词都要猛烈，声响更大，如：A bomb exploded at a distance.〔炸弹在很远的地方爆炸了。〕explode还可用于比喻，指一种情感的突然释放，如：explode with laughter〔哄然大笑〕/explode with anger〔勃然大怒〕；burst在指爆炸或别离的意义上比explode用得更广泛；erupt在字面和比喻意义上都指突然发生或爆发，和burst一样，指在一个受限制的空间和条件下发生。

反义词：implode, suck in

clash n. serious difference; conflict 抵抗，冲突，对立

例：a clash of personalities 个性的宏大差异

a clash between two classes 两节课在时间上的冲突。

fundamentalism n. (in Christian thought) belief that the Bible is literally true and should form the basis of religious thought or practice 原教旨主义〔认为?圣经?的经文翔实无误，

应构成宗教的理论或理论的根底。〕

legislature n. body of people with the power to make and change laws 立法机关

prohibit v.forbid sth. or sb. from doing sth. esp. by laws, rules or regulations 制止，不准例：a regulation to prohibit parking in the city center 制止在市中心停车的规定

同义词：forbid, ban, interdict

prohibit是指发布正式命令或制定一些官方的法令来制止某事，准备采取某种约束力来促使法令的施行，如：In our country, bigamy is prohibited by law.〔我国法律规定不允许重婚。〕forbid没有prohibit正式，指下令制止某人做某事或不让某事发生，不过此禁令一般指非法定的，但希望别人遵照执行。如：Smoking is forbidden in the concert hall.〔音乐厅内不许吸烟。〕ban和interdict指禁令，是宗教或法律用语。

反义词：permit, endorse

legality n. state of being legal 合法性

例：The legality of this action will be decided by the United Nations.这一行动的合法性将由结合国裁定。

anticipate v. expect (sth.); see (what is going to happen or what needs to be done) and act accordingly 期望，意料〔某事〕，预见某事发生

例：We anticipated that the demand is likely to increase. 我们意料需求可能会增加。

同义词：expect

expect指有一定的根据预见或期待某事一定会发生，也可指在心理状态的等待，是肯定性较强的常用词，如：There is still no news from her but we expect a letter soon.

〔尽管仍然没有她的消息，但我们意料很快有信来。〕anticipate指事先预感将要发生什么事，强调情绪上的表现，并不含有一定的根据，不像expect那样常用，如：

I anticipate great pleasure from my visit to Europe.〔我意料欧洲之行会非常愉快。〕

反义词：despond

indict v. accuse sb. officially (of sth.); charge sb. 就某事控告起诉，揭发某人例：He was indicted for murder.他被控杀人。

同义词：accuse, charge

这些词都是指宣布某人由于某种过错或缺点而有罪。accuse是最常用的一个词，它可用于正式或非正式的指控，如：She accused him of having broken his word.〔她指责他食言。〕c h arge指在法律上正式的指控或指对某种违背公共准那么的行为进展非正式的指责，如：The candidate charged his opponent with evasion of the basic issues.

〔这个候选人指责他的对手回避根本问题。〕indict是法律术语，指正式地指控某人，并使之出庭在陪审团或法官面前。

反义词：pardon

prosecute v. bring a criminal charge against sb. in a court of law 检举；揭发某人，对某人提起公诉例：He was prosecuted for exceeding the speed limit. 他因超速行车而被起诉。

festoon v. decorate with festoons 给…饰以花彩

例：a room festooned with paper streamers 饰有纸带花彩的房间

sprout v. begin to grow or appear rapidly 迅速出现，生长

例：new buds sprouting on the trees 树上长出的嫩芽

rickety adj. weak or shaky, likely to fall or collapse 不牢靠的，摇摇欲坠的.

例：a rickety shelter for the bikes 摇摇欲坠的自行车棚

evangelist n. preacher of the Gospel. esp. one who travels around holding religious meetings 福音布道者；传道者

exhort v. advise sb. strongly or earnestly 劝告，奉劝

例：The chairman exhorted the party workers to action. 主席敦促党的工作人员采取行动。

同义词：arouse, provoke

arouse专指唤醒式翻开人的眼界去注意某种向势或观点，如：His suspicions were again aroused.〔这再一次引起了他的疑心。〕而provoke不一定是这样的，甚至也不常指有意的企图，相反它可以指自发的反响，如：The slur provoked a sharp resort.〔诽谤激起了一阵猛烈的还击。〕，provoke 可以用来表示激起某种情绪；exhort指热切地催促，他表示用强调的富于感情的论点或者通过唤起同情心和良知来努力劝某人采取行动，如：The senator exhorted his colleagues to vote against the motion.〔参议员力劝他的同事们对这个动机投反对票。〕

反义词：discourage, subdue

infidel n. a person who holds no religious belief 无宗教信仰者

preside v. be head or director of sth. 掌管或指导某事

例：The city council is presided over by the mayor. 市政管理委员会由市长指导。

florid adj. flushed with red or pink 红润的

paunchy adj. fat-bellied; having a paunch 大腹便便的

attorney n. (in US) lawyer, esp. one qualified to act for clients in court 律师〔尤指有资格代表当事人出庭者〕

例：a district attorney 地方检察官

shrewd adj. having or showing good judgment or common sense 精明的，敏锐的例：a shrewd politician 精明的政治家/a shrewd argument 高明的论点

magnetic adj. having a powerful attraction 有强大吸引力的

例：a magnetic smile 极富吸引力的微笑

agnostic n. a person who believes that the human mind can not know whether there is a God or an ultimate cause, or anything beyond material phenomena 不可知论者

growl v. say sth. in a low threatening voice; complain in an angry manner 以低声威胁的口吻说；愤愤地抱怨

例：He growled out an answer. 他低声威胁着答复。

spar v. argue or dispute (with sb.) usu. in a friendly way 争辩〔通常指好心〕例：children sparring with each other 争吵着的孩子

drawl v. speak slowly, prolonging the vowels 慢吞吞地说

例：to drawl one’s word 拉长调说话

bigotry n. the behavior, attitude, or beliefs of a bigot；intolerance；prejudice偏执，顽固，偏见rampant adj. flourishing excessively; unrestrained 猖獗的，遏制不住的

例：a city of rampant violence 暴力活动失去控制的城市

bigot n. person who holds strong beliefs and opinions, and is intolerant of anyone who disagrees 偏执的人

例：religious bigot 宗教的道士

faggot n. bundle of sticks, twigs, or branches (esp. for use as fuel) 柴捆，柴把enlightenment n. act of making sth. free from prejudice, ignorance, superstition, etc. 启发，开导，开通

例：The teacher’s attempts at enlightenment succeeded. 老师的开导见效了。contaminate v. make sb./sth. impure (by adding dangerous or disease-carrying substances) 使某人〔某物〕受污染

例：a river contaminated by chemicals 受到污染的河

同义词：pollute

pollute的早期用法指对一种圣洁，神圣的亵渎，或对物质，道德的纯洁性的玷污，如今常用来指彻底的物质上的污染，并产生一切有毒的，对安康生命有害的东西，如：The fumes have polluted the air we breathe.〔烟气污染了我们呼吸的空气。〕contaminate指一些有害的，不受欢送的或不纯的东西，通过未受到污染之物得以传播。另外，pollute指那种很明显或很容易看得见的污染，而contaminate指变化慢,不直接或通常不易觉察得到的污染。

反义词: clean, purify, sterilize

mammal n. any of the class of animals that give birth to live offspring and feed their young on milk from the breast. 哺乳动物

snort v. utter with a snort to express anger, contempt, or the like 愤怒地哼一声

brandish v. wave in a triumphant or threatening way; display 得意地或威胁地挥动，显示例：The demonstrators brandished banners and shouted slogans. 示威者挥舞着旗帜,呼喊着口号。

denounce v. condemn strongly as evil; say that sb./sth. is wrong, unlawful, etc. 谴责，斥责.

例：Union officials denounced the management’s hypocrisy. 工会负责人谴责管理层的虚伪. sonorous adj. having a full deep sound; sounding impressive and important 圆润消沉的，感人的，堂皇的

例：a sonorous bell 声音圆润消沉的钟/a sonorous style of writing 华美的文体

fervour n. strength or warmth of feeling; enthusiasm 热烈，热忱，热情

例：to speak with great fervour 热情洋溢地说

arena n. any sphere of struggle or conflict 竞争场所，活动场所

prairie n. wide area of level grassland, esp. in North America 大草原

同义词: plain, bush, desert

plain指平原,原野,是一般性的词,本身不表示肥沃或其他地形特征, 如: the great plains〔大平原〕；desert 不说明地理位置, 但特指贫瘠的,少雨的地带,主要由沙土或沙丘组成；bush指无人居住的,荒野的,长满灌木的土地；prairie指美国中西部或加拿大中部肥沃的,但没有森林的平原。

反义词: mountain

scorch v. burn or discolour ( a surface) by dry heat 将〔物体外表〕烫焦，烫变色例：The lawn looked scorched after days of sunshine.草坪晒了几天以后好似有些枯萎了。oratory n. (act of ) public speaking, esp. when used skillfully to affect an audience 演讲，(尤指)雄辩的演说

例：Some politicians are famous for their powers of oratory.有些政治家以辩才著称.。

duel n. contest or struggle between two people; group, etc. (双方的)竞争，斗争例：to engage in duel of wits 双方斗智

hush n. stillness, silence 安静，寂静

例：in the hush of the night 在夜的寂静中

同义词: silence，stillness

silence只表示不说话或不弄出声响,但并不一定指没有活动，如：His silence was

accompanied by vigorous gestures〔他一言不发但做着强有力的手势。〕stillness指平静的，安定的状态，但常用来指动乱和喧闹之间的平静，如：There was a moment of stillness when the eye of the storm passed overhead.〔风暴眼掠过头顶时有瞬间的平静。〕

反义词: loud, talkative

adjourn v. stop( a meeting, etc) for a time; postpone 停顿〔会议,等〕一段时间，休(会)，延期例：Let’s adjourn until tomorrow. 咱们休会,明天继续进展。

hawker n. a person who sells goods by going from house to house, street to street, etc. 走街串巷的小贩

entrepreneur n. a person who organizes and manages a business undertaking, assuming the risk for the sake of the profit〔法语〕企业家

ponder v. think about (sth.) carefully and for a long time, esp. in trying to reach a decision;

consider〔长时间〕仔细考虑〔某事〕，深思

例：I pondered (over) the incident, asking myself again and again how it could have happened.

我反复考虑那件事,一再自问终究是怎么回事。

同义词：think, meditate, muse

这些词都是指开动脑筋去寻找对事物的一个较好的理解，解决问题或是寻求真理。

think是普通字眼，表示任何脑力的运用；meditate和muse是用沉思或沉着的方式去考虑，meditate比muse较普通, 它指严肃地,长时间地集中精力考虑，如：The author meditated on the theme of his book before sketching out the plot and characterization.〔作者在拟出故事情节及人物性格前已对他的作品主题深思熟虑了。〕，muse指梦幻般地漫无目的的一连串想法，如：She mused about whether her husband would notice her new dress.〔她左思右想她的丈夫是否会注意到她的新衣服。〕

cower v. crouch down or move backwards in fear or distress〔因害怕或痛苦〕蜷缩，退缩例：He cowered back as she raised her hand to hit him. 她伸手打他，他立即向后退缩。sulphurous adj. of or like sulphur; violently emotional〔似〕硫的，异常冲动的

dispatch n. report sent to a newspaper or news agency 〔发给报刊或通讯社的〕新闻报导，电讯

yokel n. simple-minded country person 乡下佬，土包子

telegraphist n. person whose job is to send and receive massages by telegraph 电报员，报务员squat v. sit on one’s heels or on the ground with the knees drawn up under the body; crouch 蹲，收膝而坐

例：The old man squatted by the fire. 老人蹲在火炉旁。

gawk v. stare impolitely or stupidly. 无礼地或呆呆地瞪眼

例：I hate being gawked at. 我讨厌人直瞪地盯着我。

trump n. card of a suit that temporarily has a higher value than the other three suits 王牌，主牌，将牌

例：Hearts are trumps. 红桃是王牌。

Scripture n. the Bible ?圣经?

wily adj. crafty or cunning; full of wilies 狡猾的，诡计多端的

例：as wily as a fox 像狐狸一样狡猾

repel v. drive back or away; repulse 赶走或驱除，击退

例：to repel an invasion 击退进攻/The surface repels moisture. 这表层能防潮。

fervent adj. showing warmth and sincerity of feeling;；enthusiastic；passionate 热情的，热烈的，强烈的

例：a fervent admirer 痴心的爱慕者

snigger n. half-suppressed unpleasant laugh 窃笑，暗笑

例：His shabby appearance drew sniggers from the guests. 他的样子寒酸，客人们不禁暗自发笑。

同义词：laugh, giggle, chuckle

laugh是这类词中最常用的词，一般是因为快乐，快乐或幸福而发笑，声音可大可小；

giggle通常指小孩或姑娘发出的高音笑声，也常常表示一种压抑不住的傻笑；chuckle 指消沉的，沉思的，男子气质的声音，它常用于表示满意，欣赏，并往往指发笑者本人，如：He chuckled at himself for having worn two socks that didn’ t match.〔当看到自己穿着两只不成双的袜子时，他暗自发笑。〕snigger描绘一种抑制性的或半忍住的嘲笑，当指成年人时，假如不是出自反常的幽默感，那么表示一种孩子般的幼稚和明显的呆痴，如：They sniggered when he announced that he would be Prime Minister. 〔当他宣布他要成为首相时，他们嗤之以鼻。〕

反义词：frown, weep

twirl v. turn quickly and lightly round and round; spin 轻快地转动，使旋转同义词：rotate, revolve, roll, spin, turn

twirl常指由手或手指操纵的一连串的复杂动作，如扭、捻等；rotate, revolve和roll 经常交替使用，但他们指的是三种不同的圆周运动：当一个物体围绕本身的中心轴转动时用rotate,一个物体围绕它自身以外的中心转动用revolve, 如：The earth revolves around the sun.〔地球绕太阳转动。〕一个物体在一个平面或其他物体的外表转动用roll，如：Car wheels roll on the ground.〔车轮在地上滚动。〕s pin着重说明运动的持续性而且通常指范围很小的圆周运动，如：The earth spins on its axis.〔地球绕地轴旋转。〕turn是用得最普遍的词，可以作这一组其他任何一词的同义词。serpent n. a snake, esp. a large or poisonous one 蛇〔尤指大蛇或毒蛇〕

livid adj. grayish-blue; pale; lead-colored 青灰色的，铅色的

slur n. statement, accusation, etc. that may damage sb.’s reputation, esp. when untrue 诋毁，中伤，诽谤

gavel n. small hammer used by an auctioneer or chairman as a signal for order or attention (拍卖者或主席用的)小木槌

例：to bang one’s gavel on the table 用小槌在桌上猛敲

quell v. put an end to; suppress 制止，镇压，压制

例：to quell the rebellion 镇压叛乱

hubbub n. confused sound of many voices；noises；uproar 吵闹声，喧哗，骚动

forlorn adj. lonely and unhappy; abandoned 孤独凄凉的，被抛弃的

例：a forlorn child 被人遗弃的孩子

verdict n. decision reached by a jury on a question of fact in a law case (陪审团的)裁断例：to question a verdict 对裁断提出疑义

conviction n. a decision in a court of law that a person is guilty of a crime, or the process of proving that he is guilty定罪

例：They have no previous convictions.他们没有前科。

课文理解：

1.背景介绍:

①John Scopes: John scopes is the writer of this piece. He was a high school science teacher in Dayton, Tennessee who, by teaching evolution, was accused of breaking the law. He was the defendant in the case. As the last surviving principal in this trail, he decided to write a story describing the highlights of the trail. The name of John Scopes became synonymous with this trail, which is popularly known as the “Monkey Trail〞. A film, called “Inherit the Wind〞, was made of the trail. John Scopes died in 1979.

是本课的作者。他是美国田纳西州戴顿镇中学一名自然科学老师。由于在当地讲授进化论而被控违法。他是此案的被告。作为当年最后一位活着的当事人，他决定写一篇文章描写当时庭审的精彩经过。斯科普斯的名字后来成为这次著名的“猿猴审讯案〞的同义词。电影“风的传播〞就是取材于这场审讯。约翰. 斯科普斯于1979年去世。

②United States Law: There are two types of American law: civil law and criminal law. Civil law covers suits between individuals (companies as well as people are “individuals〞). Insurance claims, divorces，and business malpratices are examples of matters handled under civil law. Criminal law covers cases brought by the state against individuals; criminal offenses range from traffic tickets to major crimes like hijacking and murder.

美国法律：美国法律分民法和刑法。民法处理个体之间的诉讼。保险索赔，离婚，经营舞弊都是民法审理的内容。刑法解决由州向个人起诉的案子；从交通违章罚单到诸如劫持和谋杀都是触犯刑法的行为。

③the fundamentalist movement: a militantly conservative and fanatically religious American Protestant movement that began in the early 20th century in opposition to modern scientific tendency; it hold that the Bible is a verbally accurate recording of the word of God, and was strong in parts of the U.S. especially the South, at the time.

原教旨主义运动：美国新教派运动，始于二十世纪，以反对现代科学思潮，认为?圣经?是上帝训诫的唯一真实纪载，其经文翔实无误。这在当时的美国，尤其在美国南部盛行一时。

④Harvard University:the oldest university of the U.S.A., at Cambridge, Massachusetts, founded in 1636 and named after its first benefactor (捐助者)，John Harvard (1607-1638), a nonconformist minister born in England.

哈佛大学：美国历史最悠久的高等学府，坐落于马萨诸塞州剑桥，建于1636年，以捐助者约翰.哈佛〔1607-1638〕的名字命名，一个生于英国的新教徒。

⑤state legislature: official body of people who pass (determine, decide)laws. Each of the 50 states in the U.S. has a legislature. The national legislature is called the congress.

州立法机构：一个决定法律的官方机构。美国的五十个州都有立法机构。国家立法机构称为国会。

⑥16th century: The 16th century was the time of the Renaissance when new ideas of arts, science began flourish. The church led a reactionary movement against the Renaissance which threatened old religious beliefs. They intimidated free-thinkers and even burned them to death at the stake—i.e., tied them to a pole and ignited sticks piled up at their feet

16世纪：十六世纪是文艺复兴时期，艺术和科学新思想蓬勃开展，反动教会发起了反文艺复兴运动，他们恫吓自由思想者，并把他们绑在火刑柱上烧死。

⑦Darwin’s theory of evolution:All living forms, plants and animals, including Man, have developed from earlier and simpler forms by processes of change and selection.

达尔文的进化论：所有生命形式，植物和动物，包括人类，都是通过变化和挑选由早

期的简单形式开展而来。

2.全文概述：

This text describes the highlights of the trial, which is popularly known as the “monkey trial〞. The defendant, John Scopes, who was a high school science teacher in Dayton, Tennessee, was accused of breaking the law by teaching evolution. In the court, the counsel for his defence, the famous lawyer Clarence Darrow and Dudley Field Malone launched a verbal attack on the prosecution headed by William Jennings Bryan, who was the mouthpiece〔代言人〕of the fundamentalists. Though at last John Scopes was convicted guilty, the battle Darrow and Malone fought in the little court drew the attention of the people all over the country. It brought changes in the U.S. and paved the way for the spreading of the concept that people should be allowed to express their ideas freely.

3.美文欣赏及写作特点：

The whole piece is written in the form of self account with coherence. From the beginning about the description of the atmosphere in the court, to the description of the verbal battle between the prosecution and the defence〔控辩双方〕，and to the end of the trial, a sense of fervour, merriment and sarcasm is felt throughout the whole piece. Even the description of the activities by different people outside the little court is so vivid, vigorous and lively. The writer makes use of many rhetorical devices, such as metaphor, simile, pun, hyperbole, oxymoron, contrast, etc. to enhance the vividness of the language in conveying the message. Moreover, the text is also praise-worthy in terms of diction. By the use of effective words such words like “buzz〞, “packed〞, “baking〞, “brandish〞, “denounce〞, “thunder〞, “fervent〞etc, the writer succeeds in creating a heated, stirring and conflicting atmosphere in the court. Words like “chuckle〞, “snigger〞and “laugh〞in describing the response of the audience gradually further direct the verbal battle to its climax. Although this piece relates only a small event that happened in a little court in Dayton, a small town in Tennessee, it conveys to readers an urgent message that in modern society intellectual and academic freedom is much needed.

整篇课文采用自述体，一气呵成。从一开场描写法庭开庭前的气氛，到控辩双方的唇枪舌剑，到法庭审讯的完毕，无不给读者热烈酣畅的感觉。就连对法庭外人们所进展的各种活动的描写都是那么生动而有活力。作者大量地运用修辞手法，如隐喻，明喻，双关语，夸大，矛盾修饰法、比照等，使文章中的语言更加生动形象。此文在措辞上颇值得褒奖。为了使读者感受到法庭上的那种躁动不安的对峙气氛，作者使用了很多表现力很强的词，如buzz, packed, brandish, denounce, thunder, burst, fervent等，描写观众反响的词，如：chuckle, snigger 和laugh，将舌战进一步推向高潮。尽管这个故事讲的只是在田纳西州的戴顿小镇的一个小法庭上发生的事，但它向读者转达了这样一个信息，这就是在现代社会里人们急待需要思想和学术的自由。

核心内容解析：

1．A buzz ran through the crowd … July day in1925：The sound of many people whispering and talking excitedly in low tones spread among people as I went to my seat in the court which was crowded with people.〔在1925年7月的那个天气闷热的日子里，当我在挤满听众的法庭就位时，人群中响起一阵嗡嗡的议论声。〕注意本句中使用的三个词buzz, packed, sweltering把法庭上的人多闷热和人群的躁动表现得生动形象。

2．“Don’t worry, son … for the court to open〞：son在这里是长者对晚辈的一种爱称。We’ll show them a few tricks: we have some clever and unexpected tricks and we’ll surprise them in the trial. 我们会有让他们意想不到的方法，即“让他们尝试我们的厉害。〞reassuring arm 直译过来是“抚慰的手臂〞，实际上是指这种抚慰的方式，这是移就修辞手法的使用。这句中court是指trial。

3．More than one hundred reports … a jury trial: on hand 意为present, available〔在场〕。a jury trial即a trial that had a jury (有陪审团参加的审讯)。

4．The case had erupted round my head: The case had come down upon me unexpectedly and violently.〔这件案子突然地降临到我头上。〕erupt是修辞用法，原意是“爆发〞，在本句中是指“突然发生〞。

5．The new law was aimed squarely at Darwin’s theory of evolution: The new law pointed directly at Darwin’s theory of evolution.〔这项新法律显然是直接针对达尔文的进化论的。〕aim (at): 瞄准，对准，冲着〔某人〕，有伤害之意。squarely 意为directly (直接地)。6．When I was indicted … in U.S. history:：When I was charged formally on May 7, I was the last one to expect that my case would grow into one of the most famous trials in U.S. history.

〔五月七日当我被起诉时，谁也没有料到，尤其是我本人更没有想到我的这件案子会越闹越大，以致成为美国历史上最出名的审讯之一。〕least of all 英语意为to an insignificant degree〔最不，尤其〕。snowball 在此是隐喻的修辞手法，原意是指“滚雪球〞，引申为“像雪球一样越滚越大〞，非常形象。

7．Our town of 1500 people had taken on a circus atmosphere: All sorts of activities were going on in the town and there was a kind of noisy holiday spirit there.〔这个拥有1500人的小镇显现出一派观看马戏表演一样的热闹气氛。〕take on意思是begin to have (the look of )(呈现出)。circus atmosphere是比喻的用法，把小镇上的那种热闹气氛比作像看马戏表演一样。

8．Butlere was … his native county：before his election指的是他被中选为田纳西州立法机构成员之前。had never been out of his native county这句话的深层含义是说巴特勒这个人见识不多，因此目光短浅，心胸狭窄。

9．The presiding judge…mountaineer jedge：The judge in charge of the proceedings John Raulston, whose face flushed with rosy colour, said: “I am just an ordinary judge from the mountains.〞〔审讯长是约翰.劳尔斯顿，一个面色红润的人。他操着地方口音说道，“我只是个普通的山区法官。〞〕the presiding judge: 审讯长。“I’m jist a reg’lar mountaineer jedge〞具有浓重的美国南方口音，使人觉得此人粗俗，缺少教养。这句陈述是一种虚情假意的谦虚，传达了这位审讯长固有的地方性狭隘和偏见。

10.In a trial … Hays s Jew：在这场宗教起着关键作用的审讯中，达罗是一个不可知论者，

马隆是一个罗马天主教徒，而黑斯是个犹太教徒。In a trial in which religion played a key role: 作者司科普斯被控违背法律是因为他教授了与圣经的教义相悖的理论，而这个法律是原教旨主义者迫使州立法机构通过的，所以说在这场审讯中宗教起着关键的作用。

全句指出了控辩双方律师之间的宗教与非宗教的意见分歧。辩方律师不同的宗教信仰暗示了他们更加宽宏大量和更加客观。

11.That’s one hell of a jury：That’s on jury at all; that is a completely inappropriate jury.〔这是

个混帐的陪审团。〕one hell of (or a hell of )是常见短语，指不同寻常之事物。

12.“He is here … mighty strong combination：He is here because the lack of knowledge and

prejudice are widespread and impossible to control, and it is a very strong combination.〔他之所以站在被告席上，是因为无知和偏见横行，而且这两者结合成一股强大的权力。〕

这一句中的it是指the combination of ignorance and bigotry〔无知和偏见的结合〕。

mighty 是美国俗语，意思相当于very, extremely〔非常，极其〕。

13.Today it is the teachers … the newspapers：Today the teachers are put on trial because they

teach scientific theory; soon the newspapers and magazines will not be allowed to express new ideas, to spread knowledge of science.〔今天受审讯的是老师，明天就会轮到杂志，书籍和报纸。〕It 在句中指无知与偏见所攻击的对象。tomorrow是修辞用法，指in the near future〔不远的将来〕。

14.After a while … to the human mind：要不了多久，社会上便会是人与人为仇，教派与教

派为敌的场面，直到我们的社会大踏步的退回到十六世纪那光辉的年代，那时假如有谁胆敢给人类带来智慧，知识和文化，就会被那些愚昧的偏执狂们点燃柴堆活活烧死。

setting意为“开场〞。marching backwards (大踏步后退) 在这里是反语〔irony〕，因为marching 一词的英语解释是going forward for a great course(为某一伟大事业大踏步的前进)，而在此句中意思恰恰相反，同样glorious age of the 16th century也是反语，因为16世纪正是文艺复兴时期，艺术与科学的新思潮繁荣兴盛，基督教会对威胁旧的宗教信仰的文艺复兴发起了反扑，他们恫吓自由思想者，并把他们绑在火刑柱上烧死。

因此在这句话中glorious age并非真正的“辉煌的年代〞，而应该是the dark age〔黑暗的年代〕。

15.“He didn’t say a cat was the same as a man?〞Darrow asked.这是一个用肯定句的形式来

发句的句子，比直接用一般疑问句Did he say …？更具有强调性，达罗提出这个问题意在嘲笑原教旨主义者的愚昧无知。

16.“There’s some doubt about that,〞Darrow snorted：It is doubtful whether man has

reasoning power.〔“这可难说，〞达罗哼着鼻子说。〕that在此句中指的是having reasoning power (有思维才能)。这句话是在挖苦那些原教旨主义者，暗示他们没有思维力。

17.The Christian believes … must have come from below：The Christians believe that God in

heaven made human beings. But evolutionists think human beings come from the earth (or from lowly animals).〔基督徒相信人来自天上，进化论者那么认为人一定是来自地下。〕布赖恩不甘示弱，反唇相讥。他的陈述暗示：按照进化论的观点人类没有什么高贵伟大之处。他有意地使基督教信仰与进化论形成宏大的反差，以获得极好的挖苦效果。

注意布赖恩对进化论者信仰的措辞是must have come〔肯定是来自〕，以说明进化论者毫无根据，仅仅只是猜想。

18.The spectators chuckled and Bryan warmed to his work：Bryan was encouraged by the

audience’s appreciation of his sarcasm〔挖苦〕and became more enthusiastic.〔旁听的群众忍不住咯咯地笑了，布赖恩也就越说越起劲。〕warmed to his work 是非常生动的表达方法。

19.In one hand … for the defence: In one hand he waved a biology text and condemned those

scientists who had come to Dayton to give evidence for me.〔他一只手挥动着生物学教科书，指责那些前来戴顿为我作证的科学家们。〕Brandish〔挥舞，挥动〕和condemn〔谴责〕这两个词的使用让人感觉布赖恩就是上帝派来的使者。布莱恩的这句话和下一段话暗示：进化论来自魔鬼，而被告的支持者正在替魔鬼做邪恶的事。

20.“The Bible … as part of a divine plan〞: thunder, sonorous, organ 是隐喻的手法，都用来

指布赖恩的嗓音——深沉，饱满，洪亮，给人深入印象。牧师，布道者以及其他宗教领袖都刻意修炼成这种嗓音以感动他们的听众。expert在这里有挖苦的意味。who come hundreds of miles的深层含义是说这些千里迢迢赶来听审的专家们是制造费事的人。句

中reconcile evolution with …是为了说明这些专家们要做不可能做到的事情。由此可看出布赖恩心胸狭窄。with ancestors in the jungle 英语解释是：with monkeys as their ancestors (把猿猴当祖先)。His指God’s (上帝的)。整个句子充满嘲讽，其目的是为了撩起陪审团的宗教热情，以动摇辩方的信心。

21.Gone was the fierce fervour … a prairie fire：Despite his eloquence, he was not as forceful

and persuasive as he used to be.〔布赖恩昔日如燎原烈火般席卷政界的炽热激情已消失殆尽。〕这是个倒装句，正常词序应为The fierce fervour …was gone. 句中swept like a prairie fire 是明喻，指的是布赖恩参加竞选活动时到各地巡回演讲击溃自己的对手的情形。

22.“Mr. Bryan … to politics〞：Although Mr. Bryan was emotional and enthusiastic, he has

been devoted to God and religion less than any other people because he has channelized most of his energy to politics.〔“布赖恩先生不是唯一有资格为?圣经?辩护的人，〞他说。

“在我们这个国家还有些人为上帝和宗教奉献了一生。布赖恩先生却满腔热情的将自己的大半生都献给了政治。〞〕马罗的这句话有很强的挖苦意味，暗示了布赖恩与其说是一个上帝保卫者，不如说是一个政客。

23.When Malone finished … surpassed that for Bryan：When Malone finished it was silent for

only a very brief time and then there was an outburst of applause, greater than Bryan had received.〔马罗发言完毕时，场上出现了片刻沉默，接着便爆发出雷鸣般的掌声，超过了布赖恩讲究话后获得的掌声。〕a storm of applause 是隐喻，指掌声如“雷鸣般的〞。

hash和storm 形成了强烈的对照，增加了戏剧性效果。

24.one shop announced … Everything-to-Wear Store：有个商店的招牌上写着“达尔文先生

就在店里面〞。〔这是小达尔文服装店〕。这是个双关语〔pun〕，可以有两种理解：破折号前的英文意思是“达尔文先生是对的，〞把整个句子连起来读，意思就变成了“达尔文先生就在店里面。〞这是个有趣的文字游戏〔play on words〕。

25.The poor brute … afraid it might be true：The poor ape shrank in fear when it realized that it

might share the same ancestry with those irrational human beings.〔这只可怜的动物两手蒙着眼睛畏缩在角落里，唯恐人猿共祖先是真的。〕brute常用于贬义，指动物尤其是个头大的动物。从外表上看，记者是对那头大猿猴表示同情，而实际上是嘲笑原教旨主义者的愚蠢与无知。

26.More than 2000 spectators … or gawked from windows：注意这一句中四个动词的使用，

它们非常确切地表达了当时的情形，把前来旁听人的动作与神态刻画得微妙微俏。27.Now Darrow …for the defence: Now Darrow suddenly and unexpectedly presented his

most advantageous tactic by calling Bryan as a witness for the defence in order to overwhelm his enemy.〔这时达罗突然打出了他的王牌——把布赖恩称为被告方证人。〕to spring one’s trump card原指在某些扑克牌游戏中，一种花色的牌为主牌，主牌能胜过其他花色的牌。这个短语在此是隐喻用法，意为“使出绝招〞，“使出杀手锏〞。28.“His reputation … through-out the world：People all over the world admitted that he was an

expert on the Bible.〔“作为?圣经?的权威，他的声誉为全世界所公认。〞〕达罗在这一句里使用了夸大的词，如：authority, through the world成心将布赖恩捧得高高的，使其处于非常不利的境地。这是夸大的手法，有欲擒故纵的意思。

29.Resolutely … to repel his enemies：With determination, he walked in a vigorous manner to

the stand, carrying a palm fan as his weapon to drive his enemies back.〔他手握芭蕉扇，如同拿着一件抵御敌人的武器，大步流星走向证人席。〕作者把布赖恩描写得像一个即将投入战斗的士兵，手里的芭蕉扇就是他的武器。这个描写立即在读者头脑中形成一幅

颇似堂吉可得手持长矛向风车冲锋的非常生动可笑的画面。

30.“Victorious defeat〞：Literally a defeat, but really something of a victory for the

evolutionists because the very light sentence signifies the jury wasn’t outraged at his “crime〞.〔“成功的败仗〞。〕作者这里用的是矛盾修饰法〔oxymoron〕，斯科普斯外表上看起来是失败了〔如他被判有罪，被罚款〕，但实际上进化论者是成功了，因为这么轻的判决意味着斯科普的“罪行〞并未惹怒陪审团，而且由于这场审讯的轰动效应，使公众对这件案例非常理解，并偏向赞同科学的观点。这是这场审讯的最正确结果。

此外，布赖恩在审讯完毕后，因疲劳和悲愤而死，这对于信奉进化论的斯科普斯来说，似乎也是个成功。

31.The oratorical storm … passing years：The battle Darrow and Malone fought in the little

court in Dayton drew attention all over the country. It brought changes in the U.S. and paved the way for the spreading of the concept that people should be allowed to express their ideas freely. Today free expression of ideas is accepted by most people. 此句绝妙地运用了隐喻的手法。作者先把法庭上的辩论比作风暴〔storm〕,接下来用了一连串与气候有关的词或短语，如：blew up, swept like a fresh wind, its wake, climate 使整句前后照应,生动形象。

参考译文：

震撼世界的审讯

在1925年七月的一个天气闷热的日子里，当我在挤满听众的法庭就位时，人群中响起一阵嗡嗡声。我的辩护人是著名的刑事律师克拉伦斯.达罗。主控官是颇有口才的雄辩家威廉.詹宁斯.布莱恩，他曾三次被民主党提名为美国总统候选人，也是促成对我进展审讯的基督教原教旨主义运动的指导者。

几个星期之前，我还是田纳西州山区小镇戴顿镇的一个默默无闻的教员。而如今我却突然变成了一个举世瞩目的审讯中的当事人。在法庭就座并准备为我作证的有以哈佛大学科特里.马瑟教授为首的十几位出色的教授和科学家。到场的有一百多名记者，甚至还有播送电台播音员，他们也要破天荒的播放一次庭审实况。就在我们等候法庭开庭的时候，达罗亲切地搂着我的肩膀小声抚慰我说：“放心吧，年轻人，我们会让他们尝尝我们的厉害。〞——一切动物，包括猿和人，都是从同一祖先进化来的。

在田纳西州，原教旨主义权力很强，州立法机构不久前通过了一项法律，制止讲授任何有悖?圣经?上宣讲的上帝创造万物的理论。这项新法律显然是直接针对达尔文的进化论的。有位叫乔治.拉普利亚的工程师常和当地人辩论。在一次辩论中，拉普利亚说，不讲进化论就没人能讲授生物学。因为我一直在讲授生物学，就把我叫了去。

“拉普利亚是对的，〞我对他们说。

“那么你触犯了法律，〞他们中的一位说。

“其他的老师也都触犯了法律，〞我答复。“亨特所著的?生物学根底?就讲到了进化论。那是我们的教科书。〞

于是拉普利亚提议，“让我们把这件事提交法院判决吧，看这是否合法。

5月7日当我被起诉的时候，谁也没有料道，尤其是我本人更没想到我的这件案子会越闹越大，以致于成为美国历史上最著名的审讯之一。美国公民自由协会宣布，假如必要的话，协会将把我的案子提交美国最高法院审理，“以确保老师不会因为讲授真理而被投入监狱。〞于是布莱恩自告奋勇的要协助州政府对我进展起诉。著名律师克拉伦斯.达罗也随即提出为

我辩护。具有挖苦意味的是在这次审讯前，我还不认识达罗，但我却见过布莱恩，那是在我念大学的时候，他来校做过演讲。虽然我并不赞成他的观点，但我敬仰他。

到7月11日审讯开场时，这个拥有一千五百人的小镇呈现出一派看马戏般的热闹气氛。大街两旁建筑物上挂起了彩旗。法院的三层红砖楼房周围的街道上突然摆满了东倒西歪的摊点，出售热狗、宗教书籍和西瓜。福音传教士们也搭起帐篷向行人传教。附近山区的居民，其中多半是原教旨主义者，也纷纷赶来为布莱恩助威，还击那些“外来的异教徒〞。约翰.巴特勒就是其中的一个。他起草了反进化论的法律。巴特勒是一位49岁的农场主，在被选为立法机构的成员之前，他还从来未走出过本县。

审讯长是约翰.劳尔斯顿。他脸色红润，操着地方口音说道，“我只是个普通的山区法官。〞布莱恩老态龙钟，大腹便便。协助他起诉的人当中有他的儿子，汤姆.斯图尔特，也是律师，而且是田纳西州的年轻有为的首席检察官。我的辩护人当中除了六十八岁的精明老练的达罗之外，还有英俊而富有魅力的43岁的达德雷.费尔德.马隆，和文质彬彬，或有学者气派，又精通法律的阿瑟.伽非尔德.黑斯。在这场宗教起关键作用的审讯中，达罗是一个不可知论者，马隆是一个罗马天主教徒，而黑斯那么是犹太教徒。我父亲还特意从肯塔基州赶来陪我。

法官请来了当地牧师主持了开庭的祷告仪式，接着审讯就开场了。陪审团的十二名成员中，有三位除了?圣经?之外什么书都没有读过、另有一位目不识丁。正如我父亲气恨恨地说的，“这是个混账的陪审团。〞

履行完诉讼程序后，达罗站起来首先发言。“我的朋友首席检察官说约翰.斯科普斯知道他为什么被带上法庭，〞达罗拖长着声音说。“我也知道他为什么会被带上法庭。那是因为愚昧和偏见横行，而且它们形成了一股强大的权力。〞

达罗在闷热的法庭上踱来踱去。“今天是老师成被告，〞他继续说，“明天就会是杂志、书籍、报纸。用不了多久，就会出现人与人，宗教与宗教之间互斗的场面，直到我们大踏步地倒退到十六世纪那光辉的年代。那时，假如有谁敢于给人类带来智慧、知识和文化，就会被那些愚昧的偏执狂们绑在柴堆上活活烧死。〞

他的话音刚落，一个妇女就出声地嘟囔了一句：“这个该死的异教徒！〞

第二天，诉讼方开场让证人出庭作证。出庭作证的是我的两个学生。他们羞怯地对我笑了笑，证明我教过他们进化论，又说他们没有因为我讲的东西而受毒害。霍尔德.摩根，一个聪明的14岁小伙子证明我讲过人也像牛`马`狗`猫一样，是哺乳动物。

“他没有说猫和人一样吧？〞达罗问道。

“没有，先生，〞那孩子说道。“他说人是有思维才能的。〞

“这可难说，〞达罗哼着鼻子说。

证人作证完毕后，布莱恩站起来向陪审团陈辞。问题很简单，他说：“基督徒认为人来自天上，而进化论者认为人一定出自地上。〞旁听者忍不住咯咯的笑了起来，布赖恩也就越说越起劲。他一只手挥舞着生物学教科书，指责那些前来戴顿镇为我作证的科学家们。

“?圣经?，〞他扯开洪亮的嗓音吼道，“是不会被那些千里迢迢赶来作证的专家们赶出这个法庭的。这些专家们来此地的目的是想证明主张人类祖先来自丛林的进化论和上帝以主的形象造人，并按天意把他们有方案地安排在这个世界上的看法并行不悖。〞他讲完话的时候，下巴翘得老高，眼中闪烁着光辉，听众立即爆发出一阵热烈掌声并高呼“阿门〞。但似乎还是缺少了点什么。昔日如燎原烈火席卷政界的那股激情已消失殆尽，听众们似乎觉得他们的这位英雄没有用自己的雄辩击败那些异教徒们。

达得雷.费尔德.马隆跳起来发言。“布莱恩可不是唯一有权为?圣经?辩护的人，〞他说。“在我们这个国家里，还有那些为上帝和宗教奉献了终身的人。而布莱恩先生却满腔热情地把自己的大半生都献给了政治。〞布莱恩从水杯中呷了一口水。马隆说话的音调随之变得越

来越高。他呼吁学术自由并指责布赖恩存心挑在科学与宗教之间挑起殊死斗争。

“真理决不怕任何挑战，〞他大声说。“真理总是会成功的——我们是不怕真理的。真理不需要布莱恩先生。真理是永久的，不朽的，并且不依靠人的力量来维护它。〞马隆发言完毕时，法庭沉默了片刻，接着便爆发出雷鸣般的掌声，超过了为布莱恩发出的掌声。然而，尽管马隆在同布莱恩的辩论中大获全胜，法庭还是决定不许在座的科学家们为我作证。

休庭期间，我们发现戴顿镇的街道上挤满了生疏人。每个角落都有小贩在叫卖。有家商店的招牌上还写道：DARWIN IS RIGHT-INSIDE。〔没错，达尔文就在里面。〕〔这是小达尔文服装店〕一位承包商人还租了一个商店的橱窗，用来展出一只猿猴。有些人花钱进去观看，并且思量他们是否和它有什么渊源。

“这只可怜的畜生双手捂住眼睛，蜷缩在一个角落里，〞一位记者这样写到，“生怕人猿同源是真的。〞

H．L．门肯穿着短裤，一边吹着电扇，一边写着辛辣挖苦的电讯文稿。由于他把当地人称作“乡巴佬〞，因此有人议论着要把他赶走。二十二名报务员一天就发出十六万五千字有关这次审讯的电文。

由于天气炎热，加上担忧古老的法庭地板会承受不住人群的重压而塌陷，审讯改在法庭外面的枫树下继续进展。前来听审的有两千多人，他们有的坐在长条木椅上，有的蹲在草地上，或坐在停放着的车顶上，还有些人从窗子里向外张望。

接着审讯高潮到来了。迫于反进化论的法律条文的限制，控方不得不坚持?圣经?只能照字面意义解释的立场。这时，达罗突然打出了他的王牌——让布莱恩作被告方的证人。法官惊讶不已。“我们要他当证人是因为他是?圣经?研究专家，〞达罗说。“作为圣经的权威，他的声誉为全世界所公认。〞

布莱恩满心狐疑，不知诡计多端的达罗葫芦里买的什么药，但他不能回绝他的挑战。多年来他一直在讲授?圣经?，并为?圣经?著书立说。甚至在反进化论法律通过以前，他就在田纳西州发动过反达尔文主义的运动。只见他手握芭蕉扇，如同拿着一件抵御敌人的武器，大步流星地走向证人席。

在达罗平静的质问下，他成认他对?圣经?字字句句坚信不疑，人群对他的激昂的答复报以热烈的“阿门〞的喊声。达罗翻开?创世纪?念到：“夜晚过去，早晨降临，这就是第一天。〞然后他问布莱恩是否相信太阳是在第四天被创造出来，布莱恩说他毫不疑心。

“没有太阳怎么能有早晨和黄昏呢？〞达罗问。

布莱恩闷声不响地搽他秃顶上的汗珠。人群里传出阵阵暗笑声，连一些忠诚的基督徒也在发笑。达罗一边捻弄着他的眼镜，一面继续发问。他问布莱恩是否完全相信夏娃的传说字字句句都是真的。布莱恩对此作了肯定的答复。

“那么你相信上帝为了惩罚那条蛇，便让所有蛇类从此以后变为爬行动物吗？〞

“我相信那是真的。〞

“那么你是否知道在那之前蛇是怎样行走的呢？〞

听众哄然大笑，布莱恩脸色顿时气得发青，说话变得粗声大气，盛怒之下手中的芭蕉扇也抖动起来。

“法官阁下，〞他说。“我这就答复达罗先生所有的问题。我要让全世界都知道这个不相信上帝的人正在利用田纳西州的法庭诽谤上帝……〞

“我反对这种说法，〞达罗大声说道。“我是在检验你的愚蠢的想法，世界上没有一个有知识的基督教徒会相信你的那一套。〞

法官用小木槌止住了喧闹声，随即宣布休庭，次日再审。布莱恩孤零零地站在那里。当观众从他身边挤过去和达罗握手时，我倒同情起这位昔日的英雄来。

第二天中午，法庭要求陪审团对此案进展裁决。陪审团的全体成员退到草坪的一个角上，小声地议论了九分钟。我被判为有罪，罚款100美元并要支付诉讼费用。

“成功的败仗〞。有几家南方报纸，出于对失去昔日光荣的英雄的忠诚，称这次审讯是布莱恩的成功，并为之欢呼。可是布莱恩本人却因心力交瘁，审讯完毕两天后死在戴顿。

学校又请我回去任教，我回绝了。有几位前来为我作证的教授为我在芝加哥大学争取到了奖学金，我因此得以继续攻读自然科学。后来我成为一家石油公司的地质学专家。

不久前，我自37年前的审讯后第一次回到了戴顿。小城照旧，只不过在山顶上出现了一所威廉.詹宁斯.布莱恩大学，俯视着山谷。

还有其他一些变化。虽然判我有罪的法律仍未废除，但在田纳西州已可以讲授进化论了。由克拉伦斯.达罗和达德雷.费尔德.马隆在戴顿镇的法庭上掀起的那场辩论的风暴犹如一股清风吹遍了美国的学校和立法机关。随之而来的是日益浓重的学术自由新气象。

〔摘自?读者文摘?1962年7月〕

习题解析：

I. 课文内容问答：

1) Before he was brought to trial, he was a science teacher at a secondary school in Dayton, a little town in Tennessee. He was charged with teaching evolution and that was against the law However, the trial became one of the most famous trials in the U.S. and he was convicted guilty. After the trial, he went to study at the University of Chicago and later he became a geologist for an oil company.

2) The struggles were in fact struggles between science and religion, culture and ignorance. That showed the spread of science and truth was no easy task.

3) Because the trail was concerned with the problem of intellectual and academic freedom, whose result would effect the whole country, even the whole world.

4〕Darrow and Malone thought that the Bible should not be interpreted and accepted literally and there should not be a duel between science and religion; Bryan just thought the opposite way. 5) The law and the legal procedure was dominated by religion. First the judge called for a local minister to open the session with prayer, then the trail got underway. In America, the teaching of any theory that is against the Bible would be considered the violation of the law (违法). Judging from this, we can see that the law and legal procedure in the U.S. at that time were not sensible.

6) John Scopes’ case was a “victorious defeat〞.

7) The Bible is a Christian book divided into two sections: the Old Testament and the New Testament. The Old Testament, composed of 39 books, is the name given by Christians to the Holy Scripture of Judaism. The New Testament contains the life and teachings of Jesus Christ and his follower.

8) This article is intended to draw the world’s attention to the Evolution Theory and science will always win no matter how strong the hostility and opposition is.

II. 英语释义：

1) We have some clever and unexpected tactics and we will surprise them in the trail.

2)参见“核心内容解析〞4。

3) The fundamentalists believed in a word-for-word acceptance of what is said in the Bible.

4) that all life had developed gradually from a common original organism.

5) Let’s accuse Scopes of teaching evolution and let the court decide whether he is breaking the

law or not.

6) People from the nearby mountains, mostly fundamentalists, came from to support Bryan against those professors, scientists, and the lawyers who came from the northern big cities and were not fundamentalist.

7)参见“核心内容解析〞11。

8) He is here because unenlightenment and prejudice are widespread and unchecked.

9) People had to pay in order to have a look at the ape and to consider carefully whether apes and humans could have a common ancestry.

10)and the crowd, who were mainly fundamentalists, took his word as if they were prayers,

interrupting frequently with “Amen〞

III. 英译汉：参见“参考译文〞。

IV. 词组归类：

1) legal terms〔法律术语〕：court, defence, criminal lawyer, leading council for the prosecution, state legislature, trail, testify, a jury trail, case, indict, the U.S. Supreme Court, defend, presiding judge, attorney-general, open the session, juror, legality, witness, evidence, accuse, adjourn, verdict, jurymen, guilty, conviction

2) religious terms〔宗教术语〕: fundamentalists, modernists, the Old Testament, fundamentalism, the Bible, agnostic, Catholic, Jew, infidel, God, Amen, Genesis

V. 解释句子含义：

1) Today the teachers are put on trail because they teach science, soon the magazines, books and newspapers will not be allowed to express new ideas.

2)“It is doubtful whether man (rather the fundamentalists) has reasoning power,〞Darrow said in a contemptuous way.

3) The Christians believes that God in heaven made human beings but the evolutionist thinks that human beings come from lowly animals. The implication is there is nothing lofty, noble about human beings in the eyes of the evolutionists.

4)This is a pun, i.e. playing on words. This sentence may have two different interpretations, depending on how you read it. If you pause before the dash, it means Darwin, the naturalist is correct. If you read out the whole sentence, it means Darwin the shop owner is directly inside.

5) Even the ape shuddered when it realized that it might share the ancestry with human beings (especially the fundamentalists).

6) Malone considered the defeat a blessing in disguise, although Scopes was found guilty, they had succeeded in drawing the attention of the people all over the United States to this issue.

7)The statement conveys false modesty about being with the people and indicates regional narrow-mindedness and bigotry.

8) This clearly shows that the jurors were ignorant, prejudiced and narrow-minded. There couldn’t be a fair and impartial trail.

9) Bryan’s role is self-appointed. There is no need for Bryan to act as the spokesman of truth.

10) This is something ironic. A university is to enlighten people and spread knowledge, science

and new ideas. But Bryan was known as a mouthpiece of fundamentalism which was strongly against the new ideas as opposing to the Bible.

VI. 用非修辞性语言解释以下句中隐喻和明喻的含义：

1) snowball: metaphor = grow or develop rapidly

2) circus atmosphere: metaphor = riotous holiday spirit

3) sprout: metaphor = grow or spring up quickly

4) spar: metaphor = fight with words, engage in argument

5) thunder: metaphor = say angrily and loudly

6) like a prairie fire: simile = spreading quickly, rapidly and overcoming all obstacles

7) scorch: metaphor = wither, thoroughly defeat

hot breath of his oratory: metaphor = the fiery speech, the caustic condemnation

8) a duel: metaphor = a life and death struggle

9) a storm of applause: metaphor = loud applause by many people

10) the oratorical duel: metaphor = the speech contest

11) spring the trump card: metaphor = take the most decisive course of action which one believes

cannot fail

12) oratorical storm, blew up: metaphors = the great debate that took place

like a fresh wind: simile = bring new and healthy changes. The great debate initiated by Clarence Darrow and Dudley Field Malone in the little court in Dayton brought new and healthy changes throughout the schools and legislative offices of the United States.

VII. 修辞手法练习：

1) hyperbole 2) transferred epithet 3) synecdoche 4) ridicule 5) sarcasm

6) irony 7) sarcasm 8) antithesis 9) hyperbole 10) ridicule, simile

11) ridicule 12) oxymoron

VIII. 英译汉：

1) 初级法院的裁决有利于父母，后来又作了相反的裁决。

2〕立法部门制定法律，行政部门执行法律，司法部门解释法律。

3〕三个证人出庭作证，证明他无罪。

4〕他们呼吁速由一个公正的陪审团进展公审。

5〕在美国法院，证人宣誓照实直说时，要把一只手放在?圣经?上。

6〕自助者，上帝助之。

7〕不管什么种族、民族和宗教信仰，在法律面前，法官应一视同仁。

8〕“Barristers〞实在法庭上进展控告和辩护的律师。

9〕作为原告辩护律师，他就要尽力证明被告有罪。作为被告辩护律师，他就要为被告辩护。

IX. 汉译英：

1) At that time metaphysics was rampant.

2) I did not anticipate that I would get involved in this dispute.

3) You must involve yourself in the work if you want to learn something.

4)The jury brought in a verdict of guilty and the judge sentenced him to three years’

imprisonment.

5) Racial discrimination still exists in various forms in the United States though racial segregation is against the law.

6) I think we can reconcile the two views.

7) He seemed reconciled to the idea.

8) The spectators’ hearts went out to the defendant.

9) The London papers expressed the view that the collapse of Nazi Germany was at hand.

10) He estimated the number of scouts on hand as ranging from three to five.

11) The project got under way soon after the signing of the contract.

X. 选词填空：

1) criminal 2) guilt 3) defendant 4) legal 5) defence 6〕afford 7) at

8) prison 9) prepared 10) trail 11) cross-examine 12) prosecution 13) witness 14) attend 15) compelled 16) court 17) counsel 18) right 19) jury 20) evidence 21) accused 22) verdict 23) innocence 24) unanimous 25) majority 26) 12

27) two 28) appeal 29) tried 30) offence

XI. 〔略〕

XII. 〔略〕

高级英语第二册课文答案 paraphrase部分

lesson 1 1. We're 23 feet above sea level. 2. The house has been here since 1915, and no hurricane has ever caused any damage to it. 3. We can make the necessary preparations and survive the hurricane without much damage. 4. Water got into the generator and put it out. It stopped producing electricity, so the lights also went out. 5. Everybody go out through the back door and run to the cars. 6. The electrical systems in the car had been put out by water. 7. As John watched the water inch its way up the steps, he felt a strong sense of guilt because he blamed himself for endangering the whole family by deciding not to flee inland. 8. Oh God, please help us to get through this storm safely. 9. Grandmother Koshak sang a few words alone and then her voice gradually grew dimmer and stopped. 10. Janis displayed rather late the exhaustion brought about by the nervous tension caused by the hurricane. lesson 2 1. The burying-ground is nothing more than a huge piece of wasteland full of mounds of earth looking like a deserted and abandoned piece of land on which a building was going to be put up. 2. All the imperialists build up their empires by treating the people in the colonies like animals (by not treating the people in the colonies as human beings). 3. They are born. Then for a few years they work, toil and starve. Finally they die and are buried in graves without a name. 4. Sitting with his legs crossed and using a very old-fashioned lathe, a carpenter quickly gives a round shape to the chair-legs he is making. 5. Immediately from their dark hole-like cells everywhere a great number of Jews rushed out wildly excited. 6. Every one of these poor Jews looked on the cigarette as a piece of luxury which they could not possibly afford. 7. However, a white-skinned European is always quite noticeable. 8. If you take a look at the natural scenery in a tropical region, you see everything but the human beings. 9. No one would think of organizing cheap trips for the tourists to visit the poor slum areas (for these trips would not be interesting)． 10．life is very hard for ninety percent of the people．With hard backbreaking toil they can produce a little food on the poor soil． 11．She took it for granted that as an old woman she was the lowest in the community，that。she was only fit for doing heavy work like an animal． 12 .People with brown skins are almost invisible． 13．The Senegalese soldiers were wearing ready-made khaki uniforms which hid their beautiful well-built bodies． 14．How much longer before they turn their guns around and attack us?。 15．Every white man，the onlookers，the officers on their horses and the white N．C．Os．marching

高级英语1第三版课后答案解析句子理解及翻译paraphrasetranslation-精

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这是我整理的，希望对大家有用。蓝色部分是重点词汇。 第一课 1、一条蜿蜒的小路隐没在树荫深处。 A winding path loses itself in the shadowy distance of the woods. 2、集市上有许多小摊子，出售的货物应有尽有。 At the bazaar, there are many stalls where goods of every conceivable kind are sold. 3、我真不知道到底是什么事让他如此生气。 I really don’t know what it is that has made him so angry. 4、新出土的铜花瓶造型优美，可有精细、复杂的传统图案。 The newly unearthed bronze vase is pleasing in form and engraved with delicate and intricate traditional designs. 5、在山的那一边是一望无际的大草原。 Beyond the mountains there is a vast grassland that extends as far as the eye can see. 6、他们决定买那座带有汽车房的房子。 They decided to buy that house with a garage attached. 7、教师们坚持对学生严格要求。 The teachers make a point of be ing strict with the students. 8、这个小女孩很喜欢她的父亲。 The girl is very much attached to her father. 9、为了实现四个现代化，我们认为有必要学习国外的先进科学技术。 To achieve the four modernization, we make a point of learn ing from the advanced science and technology of other countries. 10、黄昏临近时，天渐渐暗下来了。 As dusk fell, daylight faded away. 11徒工仔细地观察他的师傅，然后照着干。 The apprentice watched his master carefully and then followed suit. 12、吃完饭弗兰克常常帮助洗餐具。 Frank often took a hand in the washing-up after dinner. 第二课

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