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whatever-whoever-whichever引导的名词性从句

一、基本用法概说

英语中的-ever词主要包括whatever, whoever,whichever, whenever, wherever, however等,其中可引导名词性从句的主要有whatever, whoever, whichever。这里所说的名词性从句主要指主语从句和宾语从句,它们通常不用于引导同位语从句,同时也很少用于引导表语从句。如:

Whateverhe saidwas right. 无论他说什么都是对的。(引导主语从句)

I don’tbelievewhatever he said. 无论他说什么我都不信。(引导宾语从句)

在某些特定的语境中,也可用于引导表语从句。如:

Whathewantsto get is whateveryouhave. 他想得到的是你所拥有的一切。

二、whatever引导的名词性从句

whatever的意思是“所……的一切事或东西”,可视为what的强调说法,其含义大致相当于anything that,whatever在从句中可用作主语、宾语、定语。如:

Dowhatever she tells you and you’llhave peace. 她叫你干什么你就干什么,那你就太平了。

I don’tbelieve in letting children do whatever they like.

我不赞成让孩子为所欲为。

Goatseatwhatever food they can find.

山羊找到什么食物就吃什么食物。

三、whoever引导的名词性从句

whoever的意思“任何……的人”,在意义上大致相当于anybody who。whoever在从句中可用作主语或宾语。如:

I’ll take whoeverwants to go.谁想去我就带谁去。Whoever saysthatis aliar. 说那话的人是个骗子。

She can marry whoever she chooses. 她愿意嫁谁就嫁谁。

I’ll give theticketto whoever wantsit. 谁想要这票,我就把它给谁。

Tell whoever you like — it makes no difference to me.

你爱告诉谁就告诉谁吧,对我是无所谓的。

注:whoever既用作主语也可用作宾语(作宾语时不宜用whomever,因为在现代英语中whomever已几乎不用)。另外,注意以下受汉语意思影响而弄错的句子:

谁赢了都可以获奖。

误:Whowinscan get a prize.

误:Anyone wins can get a prize.

正:Whoever winscanget a prize.

正:Anyone who wins can geta prize.

四、whichever引导的名词性从句

whichever的意思“……的那个人或事物”,在意义上大致相当于the person or the thing that。whichever在从句中可用作主语、宾语或定语。如:

Youcan pickwhichever one youlike. 你喜欢哪个就挑哪个。

Whichever of youcomes first will receive a prize. 你们谁第一谁就能得奖。

We'll eat at whichever restaurant hasa free table. 哪个饭馆有空桌我们就在哪儿吃吧。

Whichever of us getshome first startscooking.

我们当中无论哪个先到家,哪个就先开始做饭。

五、引导状语从句的用法

whatever, whoever,whichever除用于引导的名词性从句外,还可用于引导状语从句,分别相当于nomatter what, no matter who, nomatterwhich。如:

I’ll stand by youwhatever[=nomatter what] happens. 无论如何我都支持你。

Whoever [=Nomatter who] wantstospeak to me onthe phone, tell themI’m busy.

不管谁要我接电话,就说我现在正忙。

Whichever[=No matter which] you buy, thereis a six-monthguarantee.

不管买哪个都有六个月的保修

涉及that等引导的定语从句

涉及that等引导的定语从句 定语从句历年都是高考的重难点,尤其是涉及that,which,as的考题。下面是定语从句的语法规则和具体应用,希望同学们好好揣摩。 一、限制性定语从句只能用that的几种情况 1. 当先行词是anything,everything,nothing (something 除外),few,all,none,little,some等代词时,或者是由every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much,each等词修饰时。例如: Have you taken down everything (that)Mr. Smith has said?你记下了斯密思先生说的一切吗? There seems to be nothing (that)seems impossible for him in the world. 对他来说,没有什么不可能。 There is little (that)I can do for you. 对你,我无能无力。 由此可知,一般情况下,可将that用括号括住。部分时候that也可以省略。例如: All that can be done has been done. 今日事,今日毕。 此外,当先行词指人时,偶尔也可以用who。例如: Any man that/who has a sense of duty won’t do such a bad

thing. 任何一个有责任感的人不会做这样的坏事。 2. 当先行词被序数词修饰时,例如: The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben. 他们访问伦敦时,首先去看大本钟。 3. 当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时,例如: This is the best movie that I have seen. 这是我看过最棒 的电影。 4. 当形容词被the very,the only,the same,the last,any,little等修饰时,例如: This is the very good dictionary that I want to buy. 这是很好的词典,我想买。 After the fire in his house,the old motorcycle is the only thing that he owned. 家里失火后,旧摩托是他唯一所有的东西了。 当先行词指人时,偶尔也可以用who,例如: Erik is the only person in our company who will attend the meeting. 艾里克是我们公司唯一出席会议的人。 5. 当先行词前面有who,which等疑问代词时,例如: Who is the man that is sitting at the corner?坐在角落里的是谁? Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?什么T恤衫最配我?

引导名词性从句的关联词

引导名词性从句的关联词 在传统的语法中,有连接代词、连接副词和关系代词、关系副词之分;连接代词、连接副词引导名词性从句和关系代词、关系副词引导定语从句。本书根据最新资料不再作此分类,通称关系代词和关系副词。 引导名词性从句的关联词大致相同,它们分别是:连词:that, whether, if;关系代词:who, what, which , whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever;关系副词:when, where, how, why,however, whenever, wherever。引导从句时一般不用逗号和主句分开。详细见下表: 类别词义在从句中的作用 that 无任何词义仅起连接作用,在从句 中不充当任何句子成分 if和whether 意为“是否”,表 明从句意义的 不确定性起连接作用,在从句中不充当任何句子成分 关系代词who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever 有各自自身的 意义 起连接作用,并在从句 中充当主、表、宾、定 语等 关系副词when,where,why,how, however, whenever, wherever 有各自自身的 意义 起连接作用,并在从句 中充当状语 1、that从句与wh-关系代词和关系副词引导名词性从句的区别 连词that在从句中不作成分,不含疑问意义;而wh-连词在从句中作成分,且含有疑问意义;或what/where从句相当于一个名词后加一个定语从句。 It worried her a bit that her hair was turning grey. 她的头发在变白令她有点担忧。(that在从句中只起引导词作用,不作成分) What caused the accident is still a complete mystery. 事故发生的原因仍然是个不解之谜。(What在从句中作主语) 2、that与whether引导名词性从句的区别。 that与whether都是连词,引导名词性从句时,在句中只起连接作用,都不担任句子成分,使用时有下列区别: (1)动词doubt表示“怀疑、不知道” 解时,肯定句接whether引导的宾语从句;否定句don’t doubt和疑问句Do you doubt要接that引导的从句。 I don’t doubt that he will come soon.我不怀疑他不久会来。(此处不用whether) Can you doubt that he will win?你怀疑他会赢吗?(此处不用whether) I doubt whether it is true.我怀疑那不是真的。 比较:doubt表示“不信”解时,表示强烈的不相信时,在陈述句中可接that从句。 I doubt that he will stay there.我不信他会留在那里。 (2)that本身无意义,有时可以省略;whether本身有意义,在句中均不可省略。 He said (that) he was from New Y ork.他说他是从纽约来的。(that无意义,可以省略)Whether he will go there is not decided yet.他去不去没定下来。(whether 有意义,不可以省

What 和that 在名词性从句中的用法区别

What 和that 在名词性从句中的用法区别 What 和that 都可以引导名词性从句。 一.在引导名词性从句时,从属连词that一般要注意三个不(three nos): 1.不省略(no ellipsis) 当从属连词that引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时,that不省略。 Eg. 1) That he was able to come made us happy.(That 引导主语从句不可省略) 2)The truth is that I didn’t go there. (that引导表语从句不可省略) 3)The news that our team has won is true. (that引导同位语从句不可省略) 但在非正式文体中that 引导宾语从句时可以省略,除下列两种情况外: that在宾语从句中不能省略的情况. (1). 在主+谓+it(形式宾语)+宾补+that,从句(真正宾语) 的句型中不省略. Eg: 4) He made it quite clear that he preferred to study English.(that不可以省略) 他很明确地说他宁愿学习英语。 (2). 由连词and连接的两个由that引导的宾语从句中, 则第二个宾语从句前的that不省略。Eg: 5) He told me that he would come and that he would come on time.(第一个That可以省略,但第二个that不可以省略。)他告诉我他将来而且他将准时来。 2.不作成分(no component) that 在名词性从句中不作任何句子成分。 Eg. 6)Sydney kept his promise that he would always do anything he could for Lucie to make sure of her happiness.(that在句中引导同位语从句,但在句中不作任何成分) 7))That you don’t like him is none of my business. (that在句中引导主语从句,但在句中不作任 何成分,也不省略) 3.没词义(no meaning) that 在名词性从句中没有汉语意思。 Eg. 8)That she is a rich woman is known to us. (that在句中引导主语从句,但在句中没有汉语意义) 她是一个很有钱的女子,这一点我们都知道。 9)The thought that he might fail in the exam worried him. (that在句中引导同位语从句,但在句中没有汉语意义) 他也许会考试失败,这一想法使他很担心。 二.在引导名词性从句时,What一般要注意一个不(one no),一个有(meaning),一个作(component): 1.不省略 what 引导名词性从句时,what 在句中不省略。这一用法与that 用法不尽相同。 eg. 10) What I had for breakfast today was rice with egg.(what 在句中引导主语从句,what 不省略) 11)----I think it’s going to be a big problem. ----Y es , it could be . ----I wonder what we can do about. (what在句中引导宾语从句,但在句中不省略) 2.有词义 what 引导名词性从句时,有词义。一般是“----的东西/事情/话等”这一用法与that 用法不一样eg. 1) This is what she wanted to show us. (what在句中引导表语从句,在句中有词义,意思是“----的东西、事情)这是她想让我们看的东西。 12)What the teacher said had a good effect on the children. (what在句中引导主语从句,在句中有词义,意思是“----的东西、事情)老师所说的话对孩子们有很好的作用。 3.作成分

what引导名词性从句五种用法

what引导名词性从句的五种用法 一、用法归纳 1. 表示“……的东西或事情”: They’ve done what they can to help her. 他们已经尽力帮助了她。 He saves what he earns. 他赚多少,积蓄多少。 What Mary is is the secretary. 玛丽的职务是秘书。 2. 表示“……的人或的样子”: He is no longer what he was. 他已经不是以前的那个样子。 He is what is generally called a traitor. 他就是人们通常所说的叛徒。 Who is it that has made Fred what he is now? 是谁把弗雷德培养成现在这个样子的? 3. 表示“……的数量或数目”: Our income is now double what it was ten years ago. 我们现在的收入是10年前的两倍。 The number of the students in our school is ten times what it was before liberation. 现在我校学生的数量是解放前的10倍。 4. 表示“……的时间”: After what seemed like hours he came out with a bitter smile. 似乎过了几个小时他才苦笑着出来。 The young girl was too frightened to speak, standing there for what seemed like hours. 小女孩吓得不敢说话,在那儿站了几个小时。 5. 表示“……的地方”: This is what they call Salt Lake City. 这就是他们称为盐湖城的地方。 In 1492, Columbus reached what is now called America. 1492年哥伦布到达了现在所称的美洲大陆。 二、用法说明 (1) 这样用的what相当于“先行词+关系代词”,所以其前不能有先行词: 你喜欢什么就拿什么吧。 正:You can have what you like. / You can have everything (that) you like. 误:You can have everything what you like. (2) 有时what 可用作限定词,其后修饰一个名词: I gave him what books I had. 我把我所有的书都给他了。 He gave me what money he had about him. 他把身边带有的钱全给了我。 (3) What 后的名词可以是复数名词或不可数名词,但通常不能是单数可数名词: 误:I gave him what book I had.

That 引导的宾语从句

That 引导的宾语从句 如:he suggests that the park is very popular. Lingling thinks the park will be busy . I don’t think they allow people to swim in the lake . 放在动词后面作宾语的句子,叫宾语从句。分三类,,一类是that 引导的宾语从句,二是whether(无论)/if 如果,引导的宾语从句。还有就是连接代词,连接副词引导的宾语从句。 (1)that 引导宾语从句,that 没有实际意义,通常可以省略。但不一定所有的动词可以接that 宾语从句。常用的有:suggest think believe expect feel hear hope prefer Promise report say see tell understand warn(警告) (2)有时that 是不能省略 宾语从句主语是that,如:he says that that is a useful book. 当宾语从句前有插入语时。如:it says ,on the card ,that it is made in China. 当宾语从句中含有主从复合句时。I’m afraid that you lost it ,you must pay for it 当两个或多个宾语从句并列连词连接时,除第一个从句中that 可以省略外,其 它从句的that 不能省略。如:he says the film was interesting and that he enjoy it. (3)宾语从句的时态 主句现在的现在某种时态(一般现在时,现在进行时,现在完成时)从句可根实际情况来定。 如果主句是过去的某种时态(过去进行时,一般过去时)宾语从句一定要过去的某种时态。(包括,一般过去,过去进行时,过去将来时,过去完成时) 宾语从句表示是客观事实或真理,主句是过去式,从句也用一般现在时。 Teacher told me that the earth is round . (4)宾语从句中的否定转移, 谓语动词是think believe 等,做否定时,主句是否定,从句是肯定句。

what引导名词性从句

what引导名词性从句 what引导主语从句 1. What David used to say was always new and worth hearing and all his pupils loved him. 2. What makes the book so special is the name of the writer. 3. What impresses me about his painting is the colors he uses. 4. What you said at the meeting describes a bright future for the company. 5. What is important is that we let others know we care about them. 解析考查主语从句的引导词。根据句子结构可知,系动词is前的句子缺少主语,表示“重要的事情”要用what。 6. What some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plus by many others. 意思:一些人看作是缺点的东西却被许多其他的人看作优点. 7. What struck me most in the movie was the father's deep love for his son. 解析本题考查主语从句。句意:这部电影让我最感动的地方就是父亲对儿子的深深的爱。主句谓语动词was之前为主语从句,其中缺少主语指事物,故使用代词what。

What引导宾语从句 1.I’m interested in what you’ve sai d. (介词后的宾语从句) 2. Tina is much more confident behind the wheel than what she was when she started. (介词后的宾语从句) 3. If you swim in a river or lake, be sure to investigate what is below the water surface. Often there are rocks or branches hidden in the water. 解析如果你在河里或湖里游泳的话,务必调查清楚水面之下有什么。水中经常隐藏着石头或树枝。根据后面rocks and branches可知,此处要用what来引导。 4. Reading her biography,I was lost in admiration for what Doris Lessing had achieved in literature. 解析句意:读了多丽丝·莱辛的传记,我很钦佩她在文学上获得的成就。考查名词性从句。考查宾语从句的连接词。在介词for后的是宾语从句,从句中缺少achieve的宾语,故用what引导。(介词后的宾语从句) 5. Pick yourself up.Courage is doing what you're afraid to do. 解析考查名词性从句。句意:跌倒后再站起来。勇气是做你不敢做的事情。这里含有一个宾语从句,引导词在从句中作do的宾语,所以用what。 6. It is difficult for us to imagine what life was like for slaves in the ancient world.

ever的用法

Well, I know she'll invite _________ her father wants. 这里选whoever最为合适,【比who好】 区别在于whoever是泛指,好比单词前面加不加the(the的特例除外)的问题一样的,这里表示,只要是她爸爸想的人,她就会邀请 这里泛指的whoever比特指的who要好,如果是who,那么就要圈定一类人,也就是【如果用who,应该怎么写?】 whoever=the people who 【Whoever】breaks the law will be punished. (泛指任何人) 【Who】robbed the bank is not clear(特指抢劫的那个人,虽然还不知道抢劫者身份,但特指就是他) 3.You must come whenever you want and have whatever you like. 您什么时候想来,您想吃点什么,你就一定要来呀! (1)whenever, wherever, however 引导让步状语从句,相当于no matter when/where/how。 (2)whatever, whoever, whichever, whomever 既可引导名词性从句,也可引导让步状语从句,在引导让步状语从句时相当于no matter what/who/which/whom。 1. I'll take whoever wants to go there. 谁去我就带他去。(作主语) Take whatever you want. 你想要什么就拿什么吧。(作宾语) Eat whichever cake you like.你可以吃任何一块你想吃的蛋糕。 ? 2. Whatever happens,you mustn't lose heart. ?无论发生什么事情,你都不要丧失信心。(作主语) ?Whatever you do,do it well. ?无论你做什么事情都要把它做好。(作宾语) ?You have to go on whatever difficulties you meet. ?不管遇到什么困难你都得进行下去。(作定语) (4)however 的用法需要注意: ①用做连接副词,相当于no matter how,引导让步状语从句,意思是“不管怎样……;无论如何……”,具体结构为: however+形容词/副词+主语+谓语。例如: However rich people are, they always seem anxious to make more money. 无论人们有多富裕,他们似乎总是渴望挣到更多的钱。 ②however 还可作“然而”讲,是副词,不能引导从句,常用逗号隔开。 (1)(2008·辽宁)______ hungry I am, I never seem to be able to finish off this loaf of bread. A.Whatever B.Whenever C.Wherever D.However 解析:“however+adj.+主+谓”表示“无论多么……”。 答案:D (2)______team wins on Saturday will go through to the national championships. A.No matter what B.No matter which

名词性从句高考题及解析

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