英国维多利亚文学心得体会
英国维多利亚文学心得体会篇一：维多利亚时期英国文学
六．维多利亚时期（Victorian Era 1837年—1901年）
查尔斯·狄更斯（Charles Dickens）
杰出的小说家，批判现实主义（Critical Realism）的代表人物。代表作《波兹特写》（Sketches by Boz），《匹克维克外传》（The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club），《雾都孤儿》（Oliver Twist），《老古玩店》（The Old Curiosity Shop），《美国札记》（American Notes），《董贝父子》（Dombey and Son），《大卫·科波菲尔》（David Copperfield），《荒凉山庄》（Bleak House），《艰难时世》（Hard Times），《双城记》（A Tale of Two Cities），《远大前程》（Great Expectations）。
威廉·麦克皮斯·萨克雷（William Makepeace Thackeray）：
杰出的批判现实主义（Critical Realism）的小说家。代表作长篇小说《名利场》（Vanity Fair），《亨利·艾斯蒙德》（Hey Esmond），《纽可姆一家》（The Newcomers）。勃朗特三姐妹（The Bronte Sisters）：
夏洛特·勃朗特（Charlotte Bronte）的《简爱》（Jane
Eyre）；艾米丽·勃朗特（Emily Bronte）的《呼啸山庄》（Wuthering Heights）；安尼·勃朗特（Anne Bronte）的《安格尼斯·格雷》（Agnes Grey）。
乔治·艾略特（George Eliot）：
著名的现实主义女作家。代表作《亚当·比德》（Adam Bede），《弗罗斯河上的磨坊》（The Mill on the Floss），《织工马南》（Silas Marner），《米德尔马契》（Middlemarch—A Study of Provincial Life）。
盖斯凯尔夫人（Mrs. Elizabeth Cleghorn Gaskell）：
现实主义作家，代表作《玛丽·巴顿》（Marry Barton），《南方与北方》(North and South)《夏洛特·勃朗特传》（Life of Charlotte Bronte）。
乔治·梅瑞迪斯（George Meredith）：
小说家，代表作《理查德·法弗尔的苦难》（The Ordeal of Richard Feverel）。托马斯·哈代（Thomas Hardy）：伟大的小说家，诗人。代表作《德伯家的苔丝》（Tess of the D’Urbervilles），《无名的裘德》（Jude the Obscure），《远离尘嚣》（Far From the Madding Crowd），《还乡》（The Return of the Native），《卡斯特桥市长》（The Mayor of Casterbridge），《威赛克斯故事集》（Wessex Tales），《人
生小讽刺》（Life’s Little Ironies），诗歌《列王》（The Dynasts）。
罗伯特·路易斯·史蒂文森（Robert Louis Stevenson）：英国新浪漫主义（Neo-Romanticism）文学的杰出代表。代表作《新天方夜谭》（New Arabian Nights）。
艾尔弗雷德·丁尼生（Alfred Tennyson）：
“桂冠诗人”（Poet Laureate），主要作品《冲击、冲击、冲击》（Break，Break，Break），《尤利西斯》（Ulysses），《公主》（The Princess），《悼念》（In Memoriam），《毛黛》（Maud）。
罗伯特·布朗宁（Robert Browning）：
著名诗人，独创了戏剧独白诗（dramatic monologue）。代表作长诗《环与书》（The Ring and the Book）。
伊丽莎白·芭蕾特·布朗宁（Elizabeth Barrett Browning）：
罗伯特·布朗宁的妻子。代表作《孩子们的哭声》（The Cry of the Children），《葡萄牙十四行诗》（Sonnets from the Portuguese）。
马修·阿诺德（Matthew Arnold）：
杰出的诗人和批评家。代表作《多佛海滩》（Dover Beach）。
但丁·加百列·罗塞蒂（Dante Gabriel Rossetti）：“先拉斐尔兄弟会”（the Pre-raphaelite）的创始人之一。代表作《女神》（The Blessed Damozel），《生命之屋》（The House of Life）。
托马斯·卡莱尔（Thomas Carlyle）：
著名的散文家、文学批评家。《法国革命》（The French Revolution）。
奥斯卡·王尔德（Oscar Wilde）：
著名的剧作家、诗人、小说家和文艺批评家，唯美主义（aestheticism）文学的代表。他以“为艺术而艺术”（art for art’s sake）的理论著称。代表作长篇小说《道林·格雷的画像》（The Picture of Dorian Gray），戏剧《温德米尔夫人的扇子》（Lady Windermere’s Fan），童话集《快乐王子童话集》（The Happy Prince and Other Tales）。
篇二：英国文学维多利亚时期
(一) The Victorian Age
? General Introduction
a) Period an Eras in English history Anglo-Saxon655–1066 Norman1066–1154 Plantagenet1154–1485 Tudor1485–1603 Elizabethan1558–1603 Stuart1603–1714 Jacobean1603–1625 Caroline1625–1649
Interregnum1649–1660
Restoration1660–1688
Georgian1714–1830
Victorian1837–1901
Edwardian1901–1910
World War I1914–1918
Interwar1918–1939
World War II1939–1945
Modern1945–present
? Brief intro:
The Victorian Period revolves around the political career of Queen Victoria. She was crowned in 1837 and died in 1901 (which put a definite end to her
political career). A great deal of change took place during this period--brought
about because of the Industrial Revolution; so it's not surprising that the literature of the period is often concerned with social reform. As Thomas Carlyle (1795-1881) wrote, "The time for levity, insincerity, and idle babble and play-acting, in all kinds, is gone by; it is a serious, grave time."
b) Victoria Period
1) Time Span
? The Victorian Period revolves around the political career of Queen Victoria. ? A new era really began with the passage of Reform Bill 1832 and closed at
the end of Boer War in 1902.
2) Three phases
? The early Victorian period (1830~48): 多事之秋(A Time of Troubles)
It saw the opening of Britain‘s first railway and
its first Reform Parliament, but it was also a time of economic distress.
? The mid-Victorian period (1848~70): 经济繁荣和宗教分歧的时期
（Economic Prosperity and Religious Controversy）
It was not free of harassing problems, it was a time of prosperity, optimism, and stability.
? The later period (1870~1901) : 由盛到衰过程的时期（Decay of Victorian
Values）
The costs of Empire became increasingly apparent, and England was confronted with growing threats to its military and economic preeminence. c) Queen Victoria and Victorian Temper
? Victoria was born in came to the throne in 1837(aged 18), after the
death of her uncle William IV, crowned in 1838 and died in 1901.
? She reigned for exactly 63 years, 7 months, 2
days (June 20, 1837 - January
22, 1901), longer than any other British monarch.
? Her 9 children and 42 grandchildren tying them together and earning her the
nickname "the grandmother of Europe".
? Exemplifies Victorian qualities: earnestness, moral responsibility, domestic
propriety
? The Victorian Period was an age of transition
? An age characterized by energy and high moral purpose
1819年生于伦敦,1837年继位成为英国女王。到19世纪末，维多利亚女王由于拥有许多欧洲皇室的皇亲国戚，被人称为―欧洲的祖母‖。1897年英国为她在位60周年举行庆典，成为英国历史上统治时间最长的女王。由于这一时期英国迅速地向外扩张，建立了庞大的殖民地，因此被称为―日不落帝国‖。1901年1月22日，维多利亚女王去世。
d) Four Features
? The long struggle of the Anglo-Saxons for
personal liberty is definitely
settled, and democracy becomes the established order of the day.
? Because it is an age of democracy, it is an age of popular education, of
religious tolerance, of growing brotherhood, and of profound social uest(动荡).
? It is an age of comparative peace.
? The Victorian Age is especially remarkable because of its rapid progress in
all the arts and sciences and in mechanical inventions.
? Historical Background
1. Society
? A Time of Change
A great deal of change took place during this period--brought about because of the Industrial Revolution; so it's not surprising that the literature of the period is often concerned with social reform.
1) London becomes most important city in Europe
2) Population of London expands from two million to six million
3) Shift from ownership of land to modern urban economy
4) Impact of industrialism
5) Increase in wealth
6) World‘s foremost imperial power
7) Victorian people suffered from anxiety, a sense of being displaced persons in
an age of technological advances.
2. Economy
? Colonial Expansion
The most powerful of the British Empire at the time of territory across 5 continents with a total area of up to 33,500,000 square kilometers, the United Kingdom is 137 times that of the total global area of 1 / 4; its colony with a population of about 400,000,000, of the total population of the colony 75 %. From the Earth
near the Canadian Arctic, the Antarctic to the vicinity of Argentina, from the Congo River in Africa, Asia, South-East Asia have ranged from the size of the British colony.
? World Factory
To the mid-19th century, the United Kingdom to become the world's first industrialized countries, which export a large number of manufactured goods, imports of raw materials and a large number of agricultural and sideline products. Britain became the world's factory, the economic center. In 1851, the number of British merchant account for nearly half of world merchant
shipping, industrial
products occupied 50% of the world market, and production of pig iron accounted for 53% of the world's coal output accounted for 50% of the world.
? Imperialism
The sun never sets:
―Russia and the North American plains is our corn,
Chicago and Odessa is our granary, Canada and the Baltic Sea is our forests, our Australian sheep farms, Argentina and North American prairie to the west of our cattle grazing, and sent Peruvian silver, gold sent Australia and South Africa, India and China has provided us with tea, East Indies to provide us with coffee, sugar and spices. "
3. Culture
? UTILITARIANISM
1) Definition:
Utilitarianism is the idea that the moral worth of an action is determined solely by its utility in providing happiness or pleasure as summed among all sentient(有知觉的)beings. It is thus a form of consequentialism, meaning that the moral worth of an action is determined by its outcome.
2) Simplified:
We decide how to act, and then justify our actions, by evaluating which alternatives are likely to result in the greatest good.
3) Principle of Utility:
One should always act as to bring about the ―greatest good for the greatest number…‖
4) Chinese explanation:
功利主义认为人应该做出能―达到最大善‖的行为，所谓最大善的计算则必须依靠此行为所涉及的每个个体之苦乐感觉的总和，其中每个个体都被视为具相同份量，且快乐与痛苦是能够换算的，痛苦仅是―负的快乐‖。
功利主义不考虑一个人行为的动机与手段，仅考虑一个行为的结果对最大快乐值的影响。能增加最大快乐值的即是善；反之即为恶。
5) Representative:
篇三：英国文学重点浪漫主义维多利亚现代
IV The 18th Century (1688-1798)
主义的兴起，与音乐史上的巴洛克时期以及艺术史上的新古典主义时期是同一时期。
情感) and accuracy
ththth小说崛起：In the mid-century, the newly literary form, modern English novel
Daniel Defoe (1660-1731)
Robinson Crusoe
Moll Flanders 女权
Robert Burns 1759-1796
Born in Scotland in a poor peasant family
The greatest Scottish poet in the late 18th century
Poems Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect about patriotic themes主要用苏格兰方言写的诗
Auld Long Syne
For auld lang syne, my dear,
for auld lang syne,
we'll take a cup of kindness yet,
for auld lang syne!
A Red Red Rose
by：Robert Burns
O, my Luve's like a red, red rose
That's newly sprung in June;
O, my Luve's like the melodie,
That's sweetly play'd in tune.
As fair art thou, my bonnie lass, So deep in luve am I;
And I will luve thee still, my dear, Till a' the seas gang dry.
Till a' the seas gang dry, my dear, And the rocks melt wi' the sun;
I will luve thee still, my dear, While the sands o' life shall run. And fare-thee-weel, my only Luve! And fare-thee-weel, a while!
And I will come again, my Luve,
Tho' 'twere ten thousand mile!
红红的玫瑰
英国文学史及选读 复习要点总结
《英国文学史及选读》第一册复习要点 1. Beowulf: national epic of the English people; Denmark story; alliteration, metaphors and understatements （此处可能会有填空，选择等小题） 2. Romance （名词解释） 3. “Sir Gawain and the Green Knight”: a famous roman about King Arthur’s story 4. Ballad（名词解释） 5. Character of Robin Hood 6. Geoffrey Chaucer: founder of English poetry; The Canterbury Tales (main contents; 124 stories planned, only 24 finished; written in Middle English; significance; form: heroic couplet) 7. Heroic couplet (名词解释)8. Renaissance（名词解释）9.Thomas More——Utopia 10. Sonnet（名词解释）11. Blank verse（名词解释）12. Edmund Spenser “The Faerie Queene” 13. Francis Bacon “essays” esp. “Of Studies”（推荐阅读，学习写正式语体的英文文章的好参照，本文用词正式优雅，多排比句和长句，语言造诣非常高，里面很多话都可以引用做格言警句，非常值得一读） 14. William Shakespeare四大悲剧比较重要，此外就是罗密欧与朱立叶了，这些剧的主题，背景，情节，人物形象都要熟悉，当然他最重要的是Hamlet这是肯定的。他的sonnet也很重要，最重要属sonnet18。（其戏剧中著名对白和几首有名的十四行诗可能会出选读） 15. John Milton 三大史诗非常重要，特别是Paradise Lost和Samson Agonistes。对于Paradise Lost需要知道它是blank verse写成的，故事情节来自Old Testament，另外要知道此书theme和Satan的形象。 16. John Bunyan——The Pilgrim’s Progress 17. Founder of the Metaphysical school——John Donne; features of the school: philosophical poems, complex rhythms and strange images. 18. Enlightenment（名词解释） 19. Neoclassicism（名词解释） 20. Richard Steele——“The Tatler” 21. Joseph Addison——“The Spectator”这个比上面那个要重要，注意这个报纸和我们今天的报纸不一样，它虚构了一系列的人物，以这些人物的口气来写报纸上刊登的散文，这一部分要仔细读。 22. Steel’s and Addison’s styles and their contributions 23. Alexander Pope: “Essay on Criticism”, “Essay on Man”, “The Rape of Lock”, “The Dunciad”; his workmanship (features) and limitations 24. Jonathan Swift: “Gulliver’s Travels”此书非常重要，要知道具体内容，就是Gulliver游历过的四个地方的英文名称，和每个部分具体的讽刺对象; （我们主要讲了三个地方）“A Modest Proposal”比较重要，要注意作者用的irony 也就是反讽手法。 25. The rise and growth of the realistic novel is the most prominent achievement of 18th century English literature. 26. Daniel Defoe: “Robinson Crusoe”, “Moll Flanders”, 当然是Robinson Crusoe比较重要，剧情要清楚，Robinson Crusoe的形象和故事中蕴涵的早期黑奴的原形，以及殖民主义的萌芽。另外注意Defoe的style和feature，另外Defoe是forerunner of English realistic novel。 27. Samuel Richardson——“Pamela” (first epistolary novel), “Clarissa Harlowe”, “Sir Charles Grandison” 28. Henry Fielding: “Joseph Andrews”, “Jonathan Wild”, “Tom Jones”第一个和第三个比较重要，需要仔细看。他是一个比较重要的作家，另外Fielding也被称为father of the English novel. 29. Laurence Sterne——“Tristram Shandy”项狄传 30. Richard Sheridan——“The School for Scandal” 31. Oliver Goldsmith——“The Traveller”(poem), “The Deserted V illage” (poem) (both two poems were written by heroic couplet), “The Vicar of Wakefield” (novel), “The Good-Natured Man” (comedy), “She stoops to Conquer” (comedy),
英国文学史期末复习重点
英国文学史 Part one: Early and Medieval English Literature Chapter 1 The Making of England 1. The early inhabitants in the island now we call England were Britons, a tribe of Gelts. 2. In 55 B.C., Britain was invaded by Julius Caesar. The Roman occupation lasted for about 400 years. It was also during the Roman role that Christianity was introduced to Britain. And in 410 A.D., all the Roman troops went back to the continent and never returned. 3. The English Conquest At the same time Britain was invaded by swarms of pirates（海盗）. They were three tribes from Northern Europe: the Angles, Saxons and Jutes. And by the 7th century these small kingdoms were combined into a United Kingdom called England, or, the land of Angles. And the three dialects spoken by them naturally grew into a single language called Anglo -Saxon, or Old English. 4. The Social Condition of the Anglo -Saxon Therefore, the Anglo -Saxon period witnessed a transition from tribal society to feudalism. 5. Anglo -Saxon Religious Belief and Its Influence The Anglo -Saxons were Christianized in the seventh century. Chapter 2 Beowulf 1. Anglo -Saxon Poetry But there is one long poem of over 3,000 lines. It is Beowulf, the national epic of the English people. Grendel is a monster described in Beowulf. 3. Analysis of Its Content Beowulf is a folk lengend brought to England by Anglo -Saxons from their continental homes. It had been passed from mouth to mouth for hundreds of years before it was written down in the tenth century. 4. Features of Beowulf The most striking feature in its poetical form is the use of alliteration, metaphors and understatements. Chapter 3 Feudal England 1）T he Norman Conquest 2. The Norman Conquest The French -speaking Normans under Duke William came in 1066. After defeating the English at Hastings, William was crowned as King of England. The Norman Conquest marks the establishment of feudalism in England.
English Literature of the Victorian Age 维多利亚时期的英国文学
English Literature of the Victorian Age 1. The Victorian Period: Chronologically the Victorian period roughly coincides with the reign of Queen Victoria who ruled over England from1836 to 1901. The period has been generally regarded as one of the most glorious in the English history. II. Historical Background 1. economy: Industrial Revolution (1760 – 1840) 2. politics: Chartist movement (1838 – 1848) 宪章运动 3. science: Darwin’s theory of evolution(1859) 4. society: the women question Queen Victoria ( 1837 – 1901) The early years of the Victorian England was a time of rapid economic development as well as serious social problems. III. Critical Realism 1. definition----English critical realism of the 19th century flourished in the 40s and in the early 50s. It found its expression in the form of novel. The critical realists, most of whom were novelists, described with much vividness and artistic skill the chief traits of the English society and criticized the capitalist system from a democratic viewpoint. 2. Features: Victorian literature, as a product of its age, naturally took on its quality of magnitude & diversity. It was many-sided & complex, & reflected both romantically & realistically the great changes that were going on in people’s life & thought. Great writers & great works abounded. a. introduction of characters from the working class b. strong hatred for vices in the society c. an illusion of bringing about social justice and harmony by reforms d. an interest in woman emancipation (Charlotte Bronte) 3. Representatives: Charles Dickens; William Thackeray etc. 4. Features of Victorian novels In this period，the novel became the most widely read & the most vital & challenging expression of progressive thought. While sticking to the principle of faithful representation of the 18th-century realist novel, novelists in this period carried their duty forward to the criticism of the society & the defense of the mass. Although writing from different points of view & with different techniques, they shared one thing in common, that is, they were all concerned about the fate of the common people. They were angry at the inhuman social institutions, the decaying social morality as represented by the money-worship & Utilitarianism & the widespread misery, poverty & injustice. Their truthful depiction of people’s life & bitter & strong criticism of the society had done much in awakening the public consciousness to the social problems & in the actual improvement of the society. Victorian literature, in general, truthfully represents the reality & spirit of the age. The high-spirited vitality, the down-to-earth earnestness, the good-natured humor & unbounded imagination are all unprecedented. In almost every genre it paved the way for the coming century, where its spirits, values & experiments are to witness their bumper harvest.
英国文学复习总结
英国文学复习总结详解 Part one:Early and medieval English literature 1.Beowulf《贝奥武甫》------the national epic of the English people ,it is also the epic of the Anglo-Saxon.(P3) 2.The name of the terrible monster------Grendel(格伦德尔)(P3) 3.the most striking feature in its poetical form is the use of alliteration(头韵)，others are metaphor （暗喻）and understatement(保守陈述)(P5) 4The Norman Conquest （诺曼征服）marks the establishment of feudalism in England. (P6) 5.The romance(传奇文学)(P8) The most popular of literature in fedual England was the romance. It was a long composition, sometimes in verse, sometimes in prose, describing the life and adventures of a noble hero. The hero of the romance was the the knight, a man of noble birth, skilled in the use of weapons. It was written for the noble class(贵族的文学) Romances falls into three cycles : “matters of Britain”( adventures of King Arthur and his knights of the Round Table),“matters of France” (Emperor Charlemagne and his peers) “matters of Rome”. (Alexander the Great and so for th) 6. William Langland威廉·朗兰------ Piers the Plowman《耕者皮尔斯》(P11) 7.The ballads(民谣)(P17) The most important department of English folk literature is the ballad.It is a story told in song ,usually in 4-line stanzas [?st?nz?],with the second and fourth lines rhymed. It was written for common people(平民文学). The subjects of ballads are various in kind,as the struggle of young loves against their feudal-minded families,the conflict between love and wealth ,the cruelty of envy,the criticism of the civil war,and the matters of class struggle. The most famous ballads are the ballads of Robin Hood. 8.Geoffrey Chaucer’ Contributions <1>Father of English poetry in 14th century. Chaucer introduces from France the rhymed stanzas of various types instead of the old Anglo-Saxon alliterative verse,especially the rhymed couplet of 5 accents in iambic meter(the heroic couplet) to English poetry.(P26) <2>Chaucer is the first great poet who wrote in the English language. His production of so much excellent poetry is an important factor in establishing English as the literary language of the country.He did much in making the dialect of London the standard for the modern English speech.(P26) <3>the founder of English realism(P23) The Prologue(序言)suppies a miniature of the English so ciety of Chaucer’s time <4>. he forerunner of humanisim (P24 倒数第二行) 9.Geoffrey Chaucer died in 1400 and was buried in Westminster Abbey（威斯敏斯特教堂）thus founding the “Poets’ Corner”..(P20) 10.The Romaunt of the Rose(translated from Franch)《玫瑰传奇》 Troilus and Criseyde(adapted from the Italian)《特洛勒斯和克莱西》 10. Geoffrey Chaucer 杰弗里·乔叟------The Canterbury Tales《坎特伯雷故事集》 The tales of the Knight,the Pardoner（卖赎罪券者），the Nun’s Priest (尼姑的牧师)，the Wife of Bath,together with the Prologue,are the best of the whole collection.(P24)（了解一下） Part two:The English renaissance
(完整)最全面英国文学史知识点总结,推荐文档
英国文学史 I. Old English Literature & The Late Medieval Ages
英国维多利亚时期
Chapter 4 The Victorian Period 一。学习目的和要求 通过本章的学习，对19世纪维多利亚时代英国的政治，经济，历史，文化背景，对维多利亚时代的诗歌，散文，小说在创作思想上的进步和创作技巧上的改革，以及对该时代主要作家的生平，观点，创作旨意，艺术品特点及其代表作的主题，结构，语言，人物刻画等都有一个全面的了解。并通过作品选读加深体会感受，增强对作品的理解和鉴赏能力。 二。考核要求 (一) 维多利亚时期概述 1. 识记：(1)维多利亚时期的界定 (2)社会政治，经济，文化背景。 2. 领会：(1)维多利亚时期的文学特点 (2)批判现实主义小说对后世文学的影响。 3. 应用：宪章运动，功利主义，批判现实主义，戏剧独自等名词的解释 (二) 该时期的重要作家 1. 一般识记：重要作家的生平与创作生涯 2. 识记：重要作品及主要内容 3. 领会：重要作家的创作思想，艺术特色及其代表作品的主题思想，人物塑造，语言风格，社会意义等。
4. 应用：(1)狄更斯和萨克雷作品的批判现实主义思想及各自的创作手法，艺术特色。 (2)小说《简.爱》，《呼啸山庄》的主题思想与人物塑造。 (3)“我逝去的公爵夫”;中的戏剧独白。 (4)乔泊.艾略特和哈代小说中环境，氛围描述与人物内世界的展示。 A. Introduction to the Victorian Period 1. 识记 (1) Definition： the Victorian Period Chronologically the Victorian period roughly coincides with the reign of Queen Victoria who ruled over England from 1836 to 1901. The period has been generally regarded as one of the most glorious in the English history. (2) Political， Economical & Cultural Background The early years of the Victorian England was a time of rapid economic development as well as serious social problems. After the Reform Bill of 1832 passed the political power from the decaying aristocrats into the hands of the middle-class industrial capitalists， the Industrial Revolution soon geared up. Towards the mid-century，England had reached its highest point of development as a world power. And yet beneath the great prosperity & richness， there existed widespread poverty & wretchedness among the working class. The worsening living & working conditions， the mass unemployment & the new Poor Law of 1834 with its workhouse system finally gave rise to the Chartist Movement (1836-1848)。
英国文学总结表
英国文学总结表
History of English Literature Historic al period Liter ary Perio d Repres entative writer s Representati ve works Signifi cance Old English (410-10 66) Anglo -Saxo n (poetr y) Beowulf The national epic of the English people. Mediev al Englan d (1066-1 400) (The Wars of Roses, Foundi ng of the Medi eval / Midd le Engli sh (poetr y, roma nce and balla Geoffre y Chauce r Canterbury Tales (masterpiece ), The House of Fame, Troilus and Criseyde, The parliament of fowls. The founder / father of English poetry, and the earliest forerunner of realism. The Arthurian legends: Sir Gawain and the
Tudor Dynasty ) d) Green Knight Robin Hood Ballads: Lytell Geste of Robin Hood《罗宾 汉英雄事迹 小唱》 The Pre- Elizabet han and Elizabet han Ages (1400-1 603) (The Reform ation and the Enclosu Renai ssanc e (Hum anism ) (Poet ry and dram a) Thomas More Utopia The forerunner of modern socialist thought. Edmun d Spenser The Faerie Queene (Spenserian stanza) He has great influences on all the later poets. Christo pher Marlow e Tamburlaine 《铁木耳转》 Dr. Faustus 《浮士德悲 剧》The Jew The greatest pioneer of English drama. He reformed the
维多利亚时代文化
维多利亚时代是英国发展史上迅猛上升的时期。大英帝国的经济实力空前强大，势力范围迅速扩张。从殖民地掠夺的财富源源不断的流入英国，这似乎是现实世界理所当然的一部分，也许是许多维多利亚文学作品的背景。从《简·爱》(Jane Eyre,1847)中女主人公意外地继承叔叔在马地拉给她流下的两万磅的遗产，到《远大前程》(Great Expectations,1861)中失意后的匹普去埃及经营茶叶，到《名利场》(Vanity Fair,1848)中的利蓓卡第一次施展身手就勾引从印度回国的财主乔瑟夫，人们不难看出，当时去殖民地捞钱是本国人民公认有效的“生财之道”。总之，这是一个充满了机会的时代，是一个能让人梦想“远大前程”的自信的年代。有的评论家，如斯坦纳(Steiner)，认为维多利亚的黄金时代像伊甸园，20世纪初的某些评论家则认为它像地狱。一般来说，为研究方便。维多利亚时期被文史家们分为三个阶段：维多利亚早期（1832~1848）、维多利亚中期（1848~1870）和维多利亚晚期（1970~1891）。 维多利亚早期也常被称为“多事之秋”(A Time of Troubles)。经济上的繁荣并不能阻止阶级矛盾的产生。就在新兴资产阶级奇迹般地暴富起来时，劳动者却不得不在残酷的压迫下过着穷困的生活。这一时期反抗压迫、争取民主选举权的运动蓬勃发展，在“宪章派”诗人的作品中得到忠实反映，最有代表性的有欧内斯特·琼斯(Ernest Jones,1819~1869)的《民主之歌》(The Songs of Democracy)。散文家托马斯·卡莱尔( Thomas Carlyle,1795~1881)的《法国大革命》(The French Revolution,1837)和《过去与现在》(Past and Present,1843)，小说家伊丽莎白·盖斯凯尔(Elizabeth Gaskell,1810~1865)的《南方与北方》(North and South,1855)都在一定程度上揭示了金钱拜物教和市侩主义对人类道德的腐蚀，而狄更斯(Charles Dickens,1812~1870)在他早期的小说中更是不遗余力地反映了英国私有制社会的阴暗面。 维多利亚中期正好处于相对稳定的五六十年代，科学技术飞速发展，天文、地理和生物学等学科的新成果大大扩展了人类的眼界。这一时期被称为“经济繁荣和宗教分歧的时期（Economic Prosperity and Religious Controversy）”。达尔文的《物种起源》(The Origin of Species)提出的进化论打破了上帝造物的唯心史观，给传统信仰以猛烈的冲击，人们不得不重新认识自己并再次定位；英国国教的势力衰减，新教派林立，福音派吸引了大批小生产者，知识界的所谓“牛津运动”(The Oxford Movement)或“高教派”(High Church)也激烈展开，引起了强烈的反响甚至天主教势力的抬头。尽管勤奋和富有责任感仍为这一时期的主要价值取向，但全社会都在经历着一场信仰危机。许多文人学者对英国状况深感忧虑。狄更斯等一大批作家继续对维多利亚社会的弊端进行批判。最激烈的一位莫过于约翰·罗斯金(John Ruskin,1819~1900)，他的《威尼斯之石》(The Stones of Venice,1851~1853)预言了维多利亚工商业文明的毁灭，在《直到最后》(Unto the Last,1862)中对自由竟争的经济法则进行了无情攻击。较为客观的要数安索内·特罗洛普(Anthony Trollope,1815~1882)的小说。教育家马修·阿诺德(Mathew Arnold,1822~1888)在他的著名论著《文化与无政府》(Culture and Anarchy,1869)中，反对对物质的迷信，提倡文化和精神价值。他对英国社会状况的反思代表了一代有识之士面对新现实的焦虑和危机感。尽管这个时期存在许多问题，但它仍然是一个繁荣时期。因为它不仅创造了惊人的物质财富，同时也是各种文学样式，尤其是长篇小说发展的黄金时代。
维多利亚时代文学作品
课程名称：英国文学史及选读 教师姓名：谢群李晶 编写时间：2007――2008年度第一学期 使用教材：新编英国文学教程，彭家海主编，华中科技大学出版社，2006年4月第1版 授课对象：英语专业0601、0602、0603、0604班学生
Teaching Plan for Unit 11 The Victorian Age (3) Teaching objectives 1.Students should be clear about the literature in The Victorian Age II.Teaching Strategies 1. Use student-centered teaching method to guide students in their learning; encourage students think themselves and participate in class activities actively. 2.Through group work or discussion in pairs to devel op students’ communicative ability. 3.Encourage students to find related information through Internet or other references to develop their self-study ability. III.T eaching Aims: 1.To provide the learners with a brief outline of the history of British literature up to the end of 19th century; 2.To introduce the learners to imaginative use of English and to help them towards an appreciation of literary language and literature; 3.To consolidate and extend the learners’ knowledge and fluency in English through interaction with literary texts; 4.To further develop the learners’ ability to recognize and express emotional and moral attitudes on a higher level than about daily occurrences so as to facilitate their communication with educated native speakers; 5.To prepare the learners for the study of literature in English at a higher level and to help them to develop interest in and, hopefully, the habit of，reading extensively. IV.Time Allocation Introduction to the Victorian Age…………… 1 period Text Study of Charles Dickens Great Expectations…………………. 1 period V.Teaching Methods ●lectures on the related historical and cultural background ●textual study ●class discussion or presentation ●reading assignment before each class ●group work ●research work for the term paper
英国文学史分时期总结作家作品
英语文学史分时期总结作家作品
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