上海市各机构名称英译

附录A

组织机构名称英文译法

中国共产党上海市委员会及相关组织机构名称英文译法

中国共产党上海市委员会及相关组织机构名称英文译法见表。

表中国共产党上海市委员会及相关组织机构名称英文译法

上海市人民代表大会及相关组织机构名称英文译法

A.2.1上海市人民代表大会及其内设委员会名称英文译法

上海市人民代表大会及其内设委员会名称英文译法见表A.2.1。

表A.2.1上海市人民代表大会及其内设委员会名称英文译法

上海市人大常委会及其内设机构名称英文译法

上海市人大常委会及其内设机构名称英文译法见表A.2.2。

表A.2.2上海市人大常委会及其内设机构名称英文译法

表A.2.2上海市人大常委会及其内设机构名称英文译法（续）

中国人民政治协商会议上海市委员会及其内设机构名称英文译法

中国人民政治协商会议上海市委员会及其内设机构名称英文译法见表。

表中国人民政治协商会议上海市委员会及其内设机构名称英文译法

民主党派上海市委员会、上海市工商联英文译法

民主党派上海市委员会、上海市工商联英文译法见表。

表民主党派上海市委员会、上海市工商联英文译法

上海市法院系统相关组织机构名称英文译法

上海市法院系统相关组织机构名称英文译法见表。

表法院系统相关组织机构名称英文译法

上海市检察院系统相关组织机构名称英文译法

上海市检察院系统相关组织机构名称英文译法见表。

表检察院系统相关组织机构名称英文译法

上海市人民政府及其组成部门和相关组织机构名称英文译法

上海市人民政府及其组成部门和相关组织机构名称英文译法见表。

表上海市人民政府及其组成部门和相关组织机构名称英文译法

表上海市人民政府及其组成部门和相关组织机构名称英文译法（续）

表上海市人民政府及其组成部门和相关组织机构名称英文译法（续）

上海市市级群众团体名称英文译法

上海市市级群众团体名称英文译法见表。

表上海市市级群众团体名称英文译法

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1. 元宵节：Lantern Festival 2. 刺绣：embroidery 3. 重阳节：Double-Ninth Festival 4. 清明节：Tomb sweeping day 5. 剪纸：Paper Cutting 6. 书法：Calligraphy 7. 对联：(Spring Festival) Couplets 8. 象形文字：Pictograms/Pictographic Characters 9. 人才流动：Brain Drain/Brain Flow 10. 四合院：Siheyuan/Quadrangle 11. 战国：Warring States 12. 风水：Fengshui/Geomantic Omen 13. 铁饭碗：Iron Bowl 14. 函授部：The Correspondence Department 15. 集体舞：Group Dance 16. 黄土高原：Loess Plateau 17. 红白喜事：Weddings and Funerals 18. 中秋节：Mid-Autumn Day 19. 结婚证：Marriage Certificate 20. 儒家文化：Confucian Culture 21. 附属学校：Affiliated school 22. 古装片：Costume Drama

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2015年大学英语(三)第二次作业

问题1 得2 分，满分2 分 1、--What does your father do? -- ___________. 答案 所选答案： C. C：He is a farmer 问题2 得2 分，满分2 分 2、-- How are you today? --___________, thank you. 答案 所选答案： A：Fine 问题3 得2 分，满分2 分 3、- _______ - You too! 答案 所选答案： A：Merry Christmas! 问题4 得2 分，满分2 分 4、- Good-bye for now. - _________ 答案 所选答案： C：See you. 问题5 得2 分，满分2 分 5、--Excuse me, could you tell me how to get to the post office? -- _____________. 答案 所选答案： D：Sorry, but I am a stranger here myself

问题6 得2 分，满分2 分 6、- How do I get to the cinema? - _________ 答案 所选答案： D：Go down this street and turn left. 问题7 得2 分，满分2 分 7、- Is it possible for you to work late tonight? - _______ 答案 所选答案： D：I think so. 问题8 得2 分，满分2 分 8、-- May I use your bike for a moment? -- ________ 答案 所选答案： C：By all means. 问题9 得2 分，满分2 分 9、-- Congratulations! You won the first prize in today's speech contest. -- ________ 答案 所选答案： C：Thank you. 问题10 得2 分，满分2 分 10、- How are you, Bob? - _______ 答案 所选答案： B：I'm fine. Thank you 问题11 得2 分，满分2 分 11、-- Would you like to go to the concert with us this evening? -- ________ 答案 所选答案： B：I'd love to, but I'm busy tonight. 问题12 得2 分，满分2 分

大学英语(二)作业2

大学英语（二） 开始时间2016年12月12日星期一20:46 状态完成 完成于2016年12月12日星期一21:24 耗时38 分钟26 秒 分数26.00/30.00 成绩86.67/满分100.00 窗体顶端 题目1 正确 获得1.00分中的1.00分 标记题目 题干 He _______ lives in the house where he was born. 选择一项： a. ever b. yet c. still d. already 反馈 正确答案是：still 题目2 不正确 获得1.00分中的0.00分 标记题目 题干 Measles ________ a long time to get over. 选择一项：

a. spend b. take c. takes d. spends 反馈 正确答案是：takes 题目3 正确 获得1.00分中的1.00分 标记题目 题干 It is _______ for people to feel excited when they start doing something new. 选择一项： a. average b. ordinary c. regular d. .normal 反馈 正确答案是：.normal 题目4 正确 获得1.00分中的1.00分 标记题目 题干 If she wants to stay thin, she must make a _____ in her diet. 选择一项：

a. change b. turn c. go d. run 反馈 正确答案是：change 题目5 正确 获得1.00分中的1.00分 标记题目 题干 They were all very tired, but _______of them would stop to take a rest. 选择一项： a. some b. neither c. none d. any 反馈 正确答案是：none 题目6 正确 获得1.00分中的1.00分 标记题目 题干 If we could learn English in the same _______, it would not seem so difficult. 选择一项：

外国人名翻译原则

戴問天：再谈外国人名（及地名）翻译问题 作者：戴問天来源:中华读书报 几年前我曾就外语教学与研究出版社2002年1月出版的《英语姓名词典》，写过一篇《英语姓名词典与外国人名翻译问题》，发表在2002年第12期《博览群书》杂志上。近读景德祥先生《从“默克尔”谈起——小议德语人名的音译》的文章（《中华读书报·学林》2006年4月26日），觉得似乎还有必要再谈谈这个问题，并且连带涉及地名翻译，因为二者有一个共同点，就是通常都采用音译的办法，很少采用意译。原因很简单，人名和地名，即令意思很清楚，也是不宜意译的。地名还有少数可以意译，例如“牛津”、“好望角”，人名则几乎无例外都应该音译。例如英语姓“Snow”不能意译为“雪”，只能音译为“斯诺”；德语姓“Faβbinder”不能意译为“箍桶匠”，只能音译为“法斯宾德”；俄语姓“Молотов”不能意译为“锤子”，只能音译为“莫洛托夫”——尽管原名斯克里亚宾（Скриабин）的那位革命者当初取这个假名就来自俄语“молот”（锤子）。 语音有差别，音译难准确 景德祥先生认为现在一些德语人名音译不恰当，举了许多例子，但是他所建议的一些译法也未必就恰当。例如他说“Nietzsche”译为“尼采”不准确，准确的音译应该是“尼切”、“尼策”或“尼秋”。然而读者很容易发现切、策、秋这三个汉字读音相差何其大也，可以用它们中的一个来译“-tzsche”，不正说明译得都不准确吗？德汉两种语言语音不尽相同，这是音译很难都准确的根本原因。例如，德语变元音ü与汉语韵母“ü”类似，但覿和觟在汉语里都没有相同或相近的音，这样有覿和觟的德语人名（像景先生举到的例子Vller）要音译成汉语就不可能准确。德语又多有辅音连缀的现象，像上面所说“Nietzsche”里的“-tzsche”便是典型例子。古汉语曾经有过类似情况，例如“笔”字现在的声母是“b”，古代曾经是双声母“bl”。双声母在汉语里早已消失，遇到德语（以及其他语言）的辅音连缀就不大好译。辅音连缀“Sch”在“Schüssel”里与“ü”相拼还不难翻译，在“Schmidt”和“Schr觟der”里它都不与元音相拼，翻译起来就不容易了。把不与元音相拼的“Sch”译作“施”，大概是一种约定俗成的译法，“Schleicher”、“Schlendorf”、“Schneider”、“Schwarz”都是这样。实际上德语“Sch”发音与汉语“施”、“许”都不大一样，译成哪一个都很难算得上准确。两位当总理期间为中国人民熟悉的德国人施密特和施罗德，还有以演“茜茜公主”为我们喜欢的奥地利电影明星罗米·施奈德（Romy Schneider），都姓“施”，如果让他们改姓“许”，许多中国人恐怕会感到陌生。 德语如此，其他许多语言又何尝不是如此。各种语言的语音有一些是相同或者相近的，音译起来不困难，但遇到那些差别大、或者一种语言里有而另一种语言里无的语音，就不好办了。法语发鼻化音的字母组合“gn”（例如二战著名战场、比利时法语区的Bastogne），法语、德语、西班牙语、俄语都有而又不太一样的颤音，都是汉语没有的，音译起来都不可能准确。对于汉语，还存在一个有其音而无其字的问题。例如，法语姓“Dubois”里的辅音“d”与汉语拼音声母“d”类似，“u”则接近汉语拼音韵母“ü”（与德语变元音“ü”类似而不同于元音“u”），按说应该容易翻译了吧，然而汉语没有读“dü”的字，只好用读“du”的字代替。那样的字倒很多（都、读、堵、杜等），于是音译为“杜布瓦”。德国地名“Düsseldorf”译作“杜塞尔多夫”，也是同样原因。音译欠准确，非不为也，实不能也。 约定俗成的译名不准确的不在少数，可以小调，不宜大动 我在《英语姓名词典与外国人名翻译问题》一文中曾经建议，凡已有约定俗成译法的应该一律从“俗”，即令原来的译法不大合适，也不要轻易更改。人们熟悉的许多约定俗成的译名，实际上都存在与景先生所说阿登纳、俾斯麦、毛奇那样音译不准确的问题，译自英语的丘吉尔（Winston Churchill）和杜鲁门（Harry S.Truman），译自法语的戴高乐（Charlesde Gaulle）和大小两“仲马”（Alexander Dumaspère和Alexander Dumasfils）都是这样。二战苏联名将朱可夫（Г.К.Жуков）的名字大家都不陌生，但俄罗斯诗人В.А.Жуковский（1783-1852）却约定俗成地译作“茹可夫斯基”。应该说“Жу”音译为“茹”比“朱”准确，但如果把朱可夫改成“茹可夫”，恐怕许多对那场战争的历史很熟悉的人也会问：“他是谁？”民族名、地名、国名音译不准的例子就更多了，“俄罗斯”或“俄国”俄文是“Россия”，