高考英语 阅读微技能训练 主旨大意(1)

阅读微技能训练3—主旨大意(1)

主旨大意题是高考阅读理解的主要题型之一，旨在考查考生对锻炼大意或者文章中心思想的把握和归纳能力。此类题数量较大，在15个题中约占3-4个。

◆设问特点：

1. 考查全文主旨或段落大意。

2. 正确选项概况范围大小恰当，主旨判断准确。

3. 错误选项的特点常常是太大、太窄或者偏离主题，主观臆断。

4. 常以main idea, best idea, subject, mainly discuss 等词提问。

◆常考问题：

1). 中心思想类

The main point /idea of the passage is…

The passage is mainly about… The passage mainly discusses…

The last but one paragraph is chiefly concerned with…?

Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage?

2).标题类

Which of the following is the best title of the passage?

The best title for the passage would be …

3).目的类

The author’s main purpose in writing the passage is to …

The passage is meant to ….

In writing this passage, the author mainly intends to…

◆技巧点拨：

1. 寻找主题句：

抓住段落或文章主题的捷径之一就是在段落或文章中寻找主题句。主题句是指能表达或概况段落主题或文章主要内容的句子，通常是一个简洁、完整、具有概况性的句子，较多出现在说明文和议论文中，而其他句子则围绕着主题句展开进行说明解释或扩展。

主题句在文中的位置:

1)开门见山：提出主题----细节支撑阐明主题

2)段末点睛：细节描述----归纳要点---概括主题

3)段中点旨：细节描述---归纳主题---进一步解释

4)无主题句:考生需根据文章中所叙述的事实或提供的线索来概括和总结文章的大

意

2. 捕捉关键词：

略读是概括和归纳文章或段落大意的基本方法。略读时要快，把注意力集中在关键词（即实词）上，非关键词（即虚词）则一带而过。注意出现频率高的词可能是蕴涵中心思想的关键词，分析归纳筛选出最能表达主旨或这这意图的关键词，继而确定文章的主旨大意。

3. 仔细推敲选项：

干扰项的特点有：

1）“以偏概全”：选项范围太窄，只表达局部信息或某一细节，片面、单一的内容应排除，注意锁定选项中的重点词。

2）“主题扩大”：概括范围太宽，表达的内容超出或多于文章阐述的内容。这种选项可以反过来考虑，若以这个主题，这篇文章可以

3）“断章取义”：根据某一句话或者某几句就断然指定段落的大意。

◆技巧操练：

例1：

Smoking cigarettes is harmful to your health. Experiments show that cigarette smoking can cause cancer. Besides the most serious and terrible diseases (illness) cancers, cigarette smoking also can cause other health problems. For example it can give on a “smoker’s cough”. Finally, studies have shown it is easy for cigarette smokers to catch colds. Whether you get an unimportant cold or terrible killer cancer, smoking is harmful.

To think:

1. Which sentence is the topic sentence?

2. Which sentences are the supporting sentences?

3. Which sentence is the concluding sentence?

例2：

Sometimes an animal has a plant partner. The relationship develops until the two partners cannot manage without each other. This is so in the corals of the sea. In their skins they have tiny plants which act as "dustman", taking some of the waste products from the corals and giving in return oxygen which the animal needs to breathe. If the plants are killed, or are even prevented from light so that they cannot live normally, the corals will die.

1. What does the paragraph mainly discuss?

A. Some animals and plants depend on each other for existence.

B. Some animals and plants develop their relationship easily.

C. Some plants depend on each other for food.

D. Some animals live better together.

例3：Alaska's ice water teems with fish. Fishing industry is the leading industry. The value of products prepared every year for market is about $ 1000,000,000. This forms the important part of Alaska's wealth.

2. The passage deals with_________.

A. geography of Alaska

B. fishing industry of Alaska

C. fish market of Alaska

D. Alaska's wealth

例4：Driving a car is not just handling controls and judging speed and distance. It requires you to predict what other road users will do and get ready to react to something unexpected , When alcohol is consumed, it enters your bloodstream

and acts as a depressant, damaging eyesight, judgment and co-ordination, slowing down reaction time and greatly increasing the risk of accidents. Even below the drink driving limit, driving will be affected.

3. The first paragraph is mainly about_____________.

A. the introduction of driving skills

B. the damage of drinking to your body

C. the effect of drinking on driving

D. the process of alcohol being absorbed

例5：Often no one looks more guilty than the innocent. On the other hand, nobody

may look more innocent than a professional criminal. And the man who knows "everything" may really only be trying to hide his own weakness. So, it is foolish

to try to judge a person only by his appearance.

4.The main idea of this passage is that________.

A. an innocent person looks more guilty than a professional criminal does

B. the man who knows "everything" may really knows nothing

C. we are foolish if we judge a person only by his appearance

D. it is difficult to tell the guilty from the innocent.

例6：Camping wild is a wonderful way to experience the natural world and, at it best, it makes little environmental influence. But with increasing numbers of people wanting to escape into the wilderness, it is becoming more and more important

to camp unobtrusively(不引人注目地) and leave no mark.

Wild camping is not permitted in many places, particularly in crowded lowland Britain. Wherever you are, find out about organizations responsible for managing wild spaces, and contact them to find out their policy

on camping and shelter building. For example, it is fine to camp wild in remote parts of Scotland, but in England you must ask the landowner's permission, except

in national parks.

Camping is about having relaxation, sleeping outdoors, experiencing bad weather, and making do without modern conveniences. A busy, fully-equipped campsite seems to go against this, so seek out smaller, more remote places with

easy access to open spaces and perhaps beaches. Better still, find a campsite with

no road access: Walking in makes a real adventure.

Finding the right spot to camp is the first step to guaranteeing

a good night's sleep. Choose a campsite with privacy and minimum influence on others

and the environment. Try to use an area where people have obviously camped before rather than creating a new spot. When camping in woodland, avoid standing dead trees, Which may fall on a windy night. Avoid animal runs and ca ves, and possible homes of biting insects. Make sure you have most protection on the windward side.

If you make a fire, do so downwind of your shelter. Always consider what influence

you might have on the natural world. Avoid damaging plants. A good campsite is found, not made-changing it should be unnecessary.

5. The passage is mainly about ____________.

A. the protection of campsites

B. the importance of wild camping

C. the human influence on campsites

D. the dos and don'ts of wild camping 例7：

Magellan's men were the first to make the trip around the world. It took them more than two years to do so by ship.

Magellan was from Portugal, but he sailed for the King of Spain. On September 20, 1519, he left Spain with five ships and 240 men. After passing the tip of Sout h America, they reached the Pa cific Ocean, on which they sailed more than one year. Very often they could not see a piece of land for months and they suffered greatly from the lack of food and fresh water. Many of them died of hunger and diseases. They even had to live on sawdust. Fin ally in April 1521, Magellan got to the Philippine Islands, where he was killed. His men fled and continued th eir voyage across the Indian Ocean. It was with the greatest difficulty that they passed the Cape of Good Hope. By the time they returned to Spain on December 21, 1521, seven out of every eight men had died.

Magellan's voy age proved that men could sail around the world and that our earth is but a huge ball.

6.Which of the following do you think is the best title for this passage?

A. Magellan's Death

B. Going Around The World

C. The World Is Round

D. Magellan's Voyage

例8：Reading to dogs is an unusual way to help children improve their literacy skills. With the ir shining brown eyes, wagging tails, and unconditional love, dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence, according to Intermountain Therapy Animals (ITA) in Salt Lake City. The group says it is the first program in the country to use dogs to help develop literacy in children, with the introduction of Reading Education Assistance Dogs (READ).

The Salt Lake City Public Library is sold on the idea. “Literacy specialists admit that children who read below the level of their fellow pupils are often afraid of reading aloud in a group, often have lower self-respect, and regard reading as a headache,” said Lisa Myron, manager of the children’s department.

Last November the two groups started “ Dog Day Afternoon” in the children’s department of the main library. About 25 children attended each of the four Saturday-afternoon classes, reading for half an hour. Those who attended three of the four classes received a “pawgraphed” book at the last class. The program

was so successful that the library plans to repeat it in April, accor ding to Dana Thumpowsky, public relations manager.

①What is mainly discussed in the text?

A. Children’s reading difficulties.

B. Advantages of raising dogs.

C. Service in a public library

D. A special reading program.

②Specialists use dogs to listen to children reading because they think ___.

A. dogs are young children’s best friends

B. children can play with dogs while reading

C. dogs can provide encouragement for shy children

D. children and dogs understand each other

③By saying “ The Salt Lake City Public Library is sold on this idea”,the writer means the library______.

A. uses dogs to attract children

B. accept the idea put forward by ITA

C. has opened a children’s department

D. has decided to train some dogs

④A “pawgraphed” book is most probably ______.

A. a book used in Saturday classes

B. a book written by the children

C. a prize for the children

D. a gift from parents

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高考英语_专题14_阅读理解(主旨大意题)_解题指导-_2021年高中英语寒假辅导讲义

专题十四阅读理解（主旨大意题） 阅读理解题型分类 主旨大意题的考查，要求学生通过阅读文章，抓住文章的主旨大意所在，在理解文章内容的基础上，找到文章大意或段落大意，主要考查学生归纳概括信息的能力。 主旨大意题主要考查考生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力。通常以选择文章最佳标题(title/topic)，概括文章中心大意(main idea)、文章段落大意(topic)等形式出现。 主旨大意题是考生容易出错的题型之一，错误主要表现为：概括文章中心时以偏概全（只见树木不见森林），概括性不够，或者概括过度，超出了文本的内容，缺乏针对性。

一、主旨大意题的分类 主旨大意题的分类及其常见设问形式 1. 标题概括类 做此类试题时，要注意标题的三个特性，即醒目性、概括性和针对性。解题时要抓住文章的首尾段和每一段的首尾句，要注意贯穿文章始终的词语。 常见设问形式有： What is the best title for this passage? Which of the following is the best title of the passage? What can be a suitable title for the text? What might be the best title for the passage? The best title of the passage is ______. The suitable headline of the passage may be ______. 2. 文章大意类 每篇文章都有中心思想，可以通过找主题句来获取文章中心思想。主题句通常在首段或结尾段，但有时也会出现在文章的中间段落。因此，在阅读时要倍加关注文章的首段和结尾段及各个段落的主题句。 常见设问形式有： What is the main idea of the passage?

高考复习(英语)专项练习：(阅读理解)主旨大意题——文章大意类【含答案及解析】

考点分类练(七)主旨大意题——文章大意类 A (2021·山东烟台一模) The paper, published in May by the Journal of Marketing Research, analysed purchases made from a single large European retailer and found that free shipping did encourage customers to buy more. But it also increased purchases of items that historically have higher return rates, such as clothing or products from lesser-known brands. Thus, returns also increased as a result of the promotions, to the point where profits were erased. In one part of the paper, during the typically four-week periods when free shipping was offered, online order volumes rose 11%. But when the cost of returns was compared with the sales proceeds(收入), the authors calculated that on balance the results for the promotion periods amounted to an average 0.7% loss. In one analysis that ran for two months, the researchers found that the return rate for customers who bought low-risk products—like office supplies, or products from well-known brands—averaged about 22%. In another analysis, the researchers attempted to better understand motivations of online shoppers by measuring their attitudes towards free shipping. They found two things were happening. First, consumers saw free shipping as compensation for taking a risk on a product. Second, feelings of gratitude for having shipping costs eliminated(消除) made them happy and thus more willing to make a risky purchase. Prof.Neslin advises companies to look at whether their own free-shipping promotions are profitable before they launch such campaigns. Also, he advises companies to identify which products get returned more often than others and try to provide customers with more information about those products, so they can make more informed choices. 1.What erased the profits according to the first paragraph? A.The risky customers. B.The European retailer. C.The returned items. D.The lesser-known brands. 2.What can we learn from the passage? A.Consumers risked purchasing a product when free shipping came along with it. B.Free shipping encouraged customers to buy products from well-known brands. C.Online order volumes rose only when free shipping was offered as compensation. D.Purchases of office supplies also increased during the typically four-week periods. 3.What is the passage mainly about? A.Low-risk products. B.Return rates. C.Increased purchases.

(新高考适用)高考英语二轮总复习第1部分阅读能力突破篇专题1阅读理解第4讲主旨大意题

第一部分专题一第4讲 A (2022·山东省泰安市高三一模) Imagine that one day you live in a highly immersive (身临其境) virtual world.You can go to a virtual concert, take a trip online, view or create artworks and try on or buy digital clothing.Amid a pandemic like COVID19, instead of seeing teachers and classmates on a video call screen, you could join them in a virtual classroom.This may help you understand the concept, metaverse. The term metaverse refers to a shared virtual 3D world in which people can access via the Internet.Currently, most virtual spaces look more like the inside of a video game than real life.However, metaverseʼs made the digital spaces more realistic by the use of virtual reality (VR) or augmented reality (AR, 增强现实). Metaverse was first used in Neal Stephensonʼs novel SnowCrash in 1992.The novel is about Hiro, a pizza delivery man by day and a VR superhero by night who lives in an online universe called The Metaverse.“He is in a putergenerated universe that his puter is drawing onto his glasses and pulling into his earphones，” the novel says of the city that everyone pops into in VR.The idea rings in many other works, for example, in ReadyPlayerOne directed by Steven Spielberg. In recent years, metaverse has bee the latest popular word to capture the tech industryʼs imagination so much that one of the bestknown Internet platforms is renamed to embrace the futuristic idea—Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg recently announced that he changed his panyʼs name to Meta. Tech panies are also dedicated to exploring metaverserelated products.Facebook has launched meeting software for panies, called Horizon Workrooms, to use with VR headsets.The headsets cost $300 or more, putting the metaverseʼs most cuttingedge (尖端的) experiences out of reach for many.For users who can afford it, they can enter the virtual worlds created by different panies.Fans of metaverse see it as the next stage in the development of the Internet. So, do you expect the ing of metaverse? 1．What can be inferred about metaverse？________ A．It is a video game like real life. B．It is a parallel universe imagined by scientists. C．It gives us a real life in a virtual world. D．It can protect yourself from a pandemic.