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写主题句

写主题句。主题在作文中具有核心的地位。如果说作文是一个精神生命，那么材料是血肉，结构是骨胳，语言是细胞，表达方式是皮肤，线索是脉络，而主题则是核心。我们一定要弄清作文核心——主题句。主题，是文章4要素（即主题、材料、结构和语言）中的第一要素。文章都有内容和形式，内容包括主题和材料，形式包括结构和语言。主题是最重要的文章内容，常常称为思想内容（其实应是中心思想内容，而思想内容则应包括主旨即文义、观点即层义、意思即段义和看法即独立的句义）。古代没有这一术语，称主题为意、义、旨、主脑等。现代主题也有不同叫法，在记叙文中称为中心思想，在议论文中称为基本论点，在说明文中称为中心认识，在文学作品中称为意蕴（包括主题、副主题及审美意向等）。记叙文讲究主题句，这是许多人不能认可的。正因此，本文更要突出强调主题句在记叙文中的必要。写作记叙文时，首先要在构思提纲阶段就领悟出主题句，接着让主题句作为灵魂来起草全文，并最好在中间部分显示主题句（开头和结尾也可以出现主题句或者相似的句子）。主题句在记叙文中的位置：标题不少标题就是主题，也有不是主题的，但可能与主题有关。开头提示或显示主题，一般在开头的后方。中间在高潮部分，即将近结束的地方要强化（强调）主题。以上认识可知，在语文教学中一定要告诉学生：作文不但要围绕着而且要穿插着主题句来写作，要有一个“提出——强调——重申”主题句的三段式过程。依笔者之见，这是提高学生作文水平的一个切入点。提纲举例如下：记叙文提纲标题：记一场鼓号仪仗队比赛（见下编《中考作文模具》）主题句：团结就是力量。内容简介（考试不必写）：通过叙述鼓号仪仗队比赛的过程，反映了同学们齐心协力参加比赛的生动情形，受到了团结就是力量的启迪。结构：纵向式正文：一、开头概述事情的时间、结果等。可以议论事情对我的影响。二、中间从前到后详细叙述事情过程。1．出发。时、地、人等以及心理。2．到达。有场面描写。 3．表演。细节。个人。自己的感受。4．成绩。心情。点出意义即主题句。三、结尾重申意义，照应开头，发出感慨

把句子写具体

把句子写具体身穿黑缎袍，尾巴像剪刀，冬天向南去，春天回来早。身体虽不大，钢针满身插，遇敌卷一团，老虎也无法。黑毛黑，白毛白，圆圆胖胖惹人爱，攀得高，爬得快，嫩竹野果当饭菜。一．读题明题意：首先出示题目要求：照样子把句子写具体。引导学生分析题目，让学生明白这道题对写句子提出了两个要求：1、是要严格按照样子2、能够使句子在原有程度上更具体。二．分析例句知方法： 1．把样子写具体。 ①原句：月亮弯弯的。月亮弯弯的，高高地挂在那繁星点点的夜空。 ②原句：星星在空中。一闪一闪的星星散落在黑色的夜空中像一颗颗宝石。熊猫真可爱。 ______________________________________________ 小溪很美。 _______________________________________________ 2．把动作写具体。 ①原句：骏马奔驰在草原上。骏马飞快的奔驰在一望无际的草原上。 ②原句：他走过小桥。

他胆战心惊地走过一座独木小桥老爷爷在走路. _______________________________________________ 3．把程度写具体。 ①原句：屋里真热啊。屋子里很热，热得像一个大蒸笼。照例子把句子写具体。天真冷啊。 —————————————————————————————西瓜真甜啊。 ————————————————————————————— 4．把神态写具体。 ①原句：爸爸在思考问题一脸严肃的爸爸，正在昏暗的灯光下，全神贯注地思考问题 ②原句：爷爷生气了爷爷生气了，胡子气得一翘一翘，说话都不利索了照例子把句子写具体。 1．我们高兴。 ______________________________________________________ 2.我在看书。 _____________________________________________________ 5．把概念写具体。 ①原句：漓江水真绿。漓江的水真绿啊，绿得仿佛那是一块无瑕的翡翠。

写作主题句

主题句的写作要求 1.完整的结构 Fragment: Teaching a child good manners. Complete: Teaching a child good manners is fun. / Teaching a child good manners is no easy task. (分别以这两句为主题句的段落，其发展方向肯定会不同。) Fragment: The importance of blood. Complete: Blood serves our body in three important ways. 2.明确的观点 Unclear: I know Smith. Clear: Smith has a good sense of humor. Smith is the meanest man I ever know. Unclear: People care about sports. /Sports influence our life. Clear: Sports can keep people healthy and strong. Sports benefit us in many ways. Sports have their negative aspects. Sports sometimes can do some harm to people. 3.具体的内容 General: Electricity is important. Specific: Electricity has become an essential part of modern life. /If there were no electric power, our modern world would be in trouble. 练习： I 选出与下列主题句不符的扩展句： 1.. The sense of humor is mysteriously bound up with national characteristics. A Frenchman, for instance, might find it hard to laugh at a Russian joke. In the same way, a Russian might fail to see anything amusing in a joke which would make an Englishman laugh to tears. A. There are always different jokes. B. My brother often makes jokes. C. Jokes, despite their differences, have the same humor. D. Whether we find a joke funny or not depends on where we have been brought up. 2.. Retirement gives one a feeling of uselessness. Such a psychological problem often brings physical problems. It is the feeling of emptiness that gradually kills the retired. With retirement there will be a decrease in income. Unless they plan carefully, the retired will get into economic problems. A. The retired are a problem of our society. B. People should not retire until unable to work. C. Retirement can bring many problems for the retired.

主题句

1．主题句主题句（topic sentence）是表达段落主题的句子。它用以概括段落大意，要求全段其他文字都围绕它展开。请看下例： My mother has passed along to me certain rules for getting along with others. Don't argue with parents; they will think you don't love them. Don't argue with children; they will think themselves victimized. Don't argue with spouses; they will think you are a tiresome mate. Don't argue with strangers; they will think you are not friendly. My mother's rules, in fact, can be summed up in two words: Don't argue. 主题句中提出的"certain rules" 指的是什么？展开句中通过四个"Don't argue --" 逐一加以交代。从结构来看，这是一个比较典型的段落，它包括了主题句，推展句和结论句（即本段中的末句）。 1．1 主题句的位置主题句通常放在段落的开端，其特点是开门见山地摆出问题，然后加以详细说明。其作用是使文章的结构更清晰，更具说服力，便于读者迅速地把握主题和想象全段的内容。主题句可以放在段中起到承上启下的作用，或放在段尾起概括全段的作用。但初学者比较难于掌握，因而在四级考试中，考生应尽量采用将主题句放在段落开头的写作手法。，例1: Our life today depends very much on energy. In towns and in villages, on farms and in factories, machines have made life easier than it used to be. The machines use energy, and energy is needed for heating, lighting, communications, carrying goods -- everything. Factories and industrial plants use a great deal of energy to make the things that we use and buy and sell.，这段文字所讲的主要是能源问题。第一句就概括性地提出“我们目前的生活很大程度上依赖于能源”。而随后出现的三句都是具体事

主题句注意事项

结构完整的段落大多由三部分组成：一、主题句主题句是概括段落中心思想，反映作者写作意图的一个概括性的句子，是段落的核心所在。所以，写好主题句是写好一个段落的前提。 1.段落主题句的位置及其作用主题句通常由主题和作者的观点两部分组成，作为段落传递信息的出发点，简明扼要地告诉读者段落的线索和范围。但是，主题句的位置并不是固定不变的，它可以位于段首，也可以位于段中、段尾。主题句位于段首的情况比较多见。段首主题句开门见山，直接点明段落主题，有助于确定段落的主线，使各个发展句围绕段落主题自然展开；段尾主题句具有结论作用，是对前面句子的归纳总结。 2.段落主题句的写作方法主题句的作用是要告诉读者该段的主题思想，该段将围绕这个主题思想逐步展开、定义、论述、分类、解释和举例说明等，所以，段落主题句中必须包含一个主导思想，这是一个等待发展的思想，也是段落的主旨所在。同时，段落主题句不能写得太笼统，也不能涉及面太窄。一个段落的容量是有限的，如果主题句限定范围太宽，其内容就无法在一个段落中阐述清楚；如果限定范围太窄又不利于段落的发展。段落主题句所限定的内容必须符合段落写作的目的，有助于段落的铺开和抒发。例如： T elevision is very important. 这个句子太泛，没有表达一个清楚的主题思想，做主题句不大合适。可以改为：Television plays an educational role in our daily life. Big cities have traf fic problems.这个句子如果用做主题句也没有表达出明确的主题思想，范围限得过宽，抓不住段落主线，不好下笔扩展段落。可改为：Traffic problems in big cities are serious, which can be found in several ways. He encountered an old friend yesterday.这是一个描写细节的句子。由于涉及面太窄而不利于展开讨论，不适合做主题句。 I go to college to make friends.如果作为段落的主题句就显得范围太窄了，作者发挥的余地太小，段落不容易写好。可改为：Going to college, I can learn more and make new friends. 二、扩展句扩展句是用来支持或说明主题句的，是段落主题句的延伸和发展，起着辅助主题句、推展段落中心的作用，对主题句表达的中心思想或举例说明、或细致描写、或详细解释阐述和论证，使读者能够清晰地理解和信服地接受作者所表达的意思。

找主题句的方法

找主题句的方法：用浏览法(skimming) 快速阅读文首、文尾，或每段的首句和尾句等，搜索主题线索和主题信息。找主题句的四个小窍门： (1)段落中出现表转折的词语(如however, but, in fact, actually等)时，该句很可能是主题 (2)首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的回答很可能就是文章主旨。 (3)作者有意识地反复重复的观点，通常是主旨;反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。 (4)表示总结或结论的话常有therefore, thus, in short, conclude, conclusion等。典型例 From my wheelchair experience, I see the best in people...Often, we try every way possible to avoid showing our weakness...But only when we stoppretending we're brave or strong do we allow people to show the kindness that's in them. 30.Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A.A Wheelchair Experience. B.Weakness and Kindness. C.Weakness and Strength. D.A Driving Experience 解析：主旨大意题。在第一段中，出现了表转折的But...可知，“But I have found that my weakness brings out the kindness in people”便是主题句，再根据第二段最后一句可以确定，这句的确是主题句。又因标题要简明、醒目，故选B。答案：B 1.(2013年高考)Imagination and fantasy can play an important role in achieving the things we fear.Children know this very well. Fred Epstein，in his book If I Make It to Five，tells a story he heard from one of friends about Tom，a fouryearold boy with a cancer in his back bone.He came through several operations and a lot of pain by mastering his imagination … It doesn't mean that you should dress as a superhero for you next job interview. But，next time you are tested in a way that seems impossible, imagine what it would take to overcome it. Become the person you need to become to win over your challenge and do it in your mind first. So，let your imagination run wild，and dare to dream. 30.What is the purpose of the passage? A.To tell us an interesting story. B.To help us make right decisions. C.To advise us to care about children. D.To encourage us to use our imagination. 解析：主旨大意题。由文章首句Imagination and fantasy can play an important role in achieving the things we fear和全文末句So, let your imagination run wild, and dare to dream可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是鼓励我们运用我们的想象力。 2..Music was not the only gulf. From clothing and hairstyles to activities and expectations, earlier generations of parents and children often appeared to move

练习写主题句

练习写主题句一篇文章通常包括开头、主体和结尾三个部分，段落的主题句通常位于文章开头，它要概括整个段落的内容而且要引人注目。从某种程度上讲，主题句决定着读者对整篇文章的第一印象。所以我们要使主题句语言组织简练，概括性强，同时还应表达完整的意义，同时又能强化思想，甚至要给读者留下回味的余地。我们可以采用开门见山型、交代目的型、交代要素型或概括要点型，来组织主题句。常用的写作句式有： 1. 开门见山型 Should students make friends on line? Some people s ay yes, while others think students shouldn’t … 这里用疑问句式或者陈述句式作为主题句，直接引出所谈话题，记叙文或是议论文都可以采用这种类型的主题句。 2. 交代任务型 In order to make full use of learning materials, the students’ union of our school is arranging an activity … 此处主体句直接交代文章的写作目的是什么，让读者有个清晰的认识，本文写作目的是为了充分利用学习材料，安排一项活动。 3. 交代要素型。即主题句直接交代时间、地点、人物或周围环境，这种主题句常用在记叙文的写作中。At about 9 o’clock last night, I was doing my homework when I heard my neighbor shouting and laughing loudly. 4. 概括要点型 In the society full of materials, some people often say money is the most valuable thing in the world. But in my opinion, knowledge is more valuable than anything else, because knowledge gives us power and knowledge is power .… 先对文章中的人或事件进行了概括，给出一个观点，之后再提出自己的观点，但通常与之前所提出的观点有一定联系，或深入或对应等。【典题示例】请就良好的饮食习惯写一篇文章，内容包括： 1）部分同学饮食习惯：不吃早餐，爱吃甜食，偏食或饮食过量； 2）良好的饮食习惯：饮食多样化，饮食定时定量 3）个人看法：重要性，有助于身体健康要求：1）以开门见山的方式先给出文章的主题句； 2）词数100左右； 3）参考词汇：偏食 be particular about food; 零食 snack ___________________________________________________________ 【参考范文】 As we all know, we are what we eat. Therefore, it’s very important for us to form healthy eating habits. However, bad eating habits are still very common among us students. Some of us often go to school without breakfast; some like to have snacks; some others are particular about food; and still some eat or drink too much. All these bad habits will surely do harm to our health. To keep fit, we should have various healthy diets, which generally include proper amounts of fish, meat, vegetables, fruit as well as main food. Besides, we’d better have meals regularly.

英语考试作文-什么是主题句-详解写好托福写作主题句的方法

英语考试作文什么是主题句?详解写好托福写作主题句的方法什么是主题句?所谓主题句(topic sentence, 也有人叫它中心句)，就是独立写作主体段中统领全文的那个句子，也就是表述在独立写作头脑风暴和谋篇布局时候想到的“主要理由”或者“论点”的那个句子。通常一篇独立写作有三个主题句。下面就带大家托福写作主题句写作要求，大家一起来学习一下吧。例如在题目“Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It is betterto work in large companies than in small ones.”，选择agree，三个主题句可以是： The first reason is that a large company can provide more opportunities to develop one’s ability Another reason for choosing a big company involves welfare. A third reason is that one who appreciates the unique culture of abig enterprise will become a more responsible

person to the society. 在托福写作中，三个主题句可以说是作文中最重要的一组句子，因为主题句对段落起到“提纲挈领”的作用，同时对整篇文章的结构清晰度和文章逻辑性也至关重要。如何将这个理由“完整”“清晰”“出彩”的表达出来就是本文讨论的话题。首先，每段主题句通常都位于段首，紧跟于“first, second, third”这些“信号词”之后。除此之外还需要注意以下几点。丨简明扼要主题句需要让读者看到之后能够快速、准确地把握本段的主要内容。这要求我们在写主题句的时候，一方面内容要简单，另一方面用语要凝练。先来看一个反面例子： “First and foremost, television, invented in the last century, withits wide availability and increasingly prosperous programs ,becomes one of the most powerful means of communication in history, and is more and more difficult to ignore” 这个主题句涵盖的内容太多，读完这个句子，读者根本不明白本段是要陈述电视节目蓬勃发展(increasingly prosperous program), 要强调电视是最强力的交流工具(the most powerful means of communication in history),还是要论证电视不可被忽视

把句子写具体的训练

把句子写具体的训练东高地一小朱园平小学三年级处于语言、词汇积累和运用的重要阶段，结合这一时期学生知识层次的特点，除了在课文学习的过程中进行这方面的指导、训练外，进行必要的专项训练也是必不可少的。把句子写具体的训练不但可以使学生养成积累词汇的习惯，并尝试加以运用，还可以启发学生多角度的思维，为将来把一篇文章写具体打下基础。试想，如果学生能准确地围绕一句话从不同的角度把句子写具体、细致、生动，在引导学生把几个不同的意思写具体组合成一篇文章也就不成问题了。在单元练习1中，第三道训练题是一道照样子把句子写具体的练习，这道练习题是在前面给一个中心句，要求在后面补充说明前面的中心句。从而使这句话更具体、生动给人留下极深的印象。怎样才能指导学生掌握这种把句子写具体的方法呢？为了使学生更好的理解句子，体会怎样把围绕中心句把句子写具体，我在讲课之初是这样设计：一、读题明题意：首先出示题目要求：照样子把句子写具体。引导学生分析题目，让学生明白这道题对写句子提出了两个要求：1、是要严格按照样子 2、能够使句子在原有程度上更具体。二、分析例句知方法：在学生明确自己的任务后，我出示了例句。例句：教室里很安静，连．同学们匀称的呼吸声都．能听清楚。

我先和学生一起分析例句，明确“教室里很安静，”是这句话要表达的主要意思，其中安静是这句话的重点词，要想写好这句话首先要清楚“安静”这个词的意思。让学生说说安静的含义，明白“安静”就是没有声音。接着我在与学生分析后半句，可以看出后半句是对前半句的补充说明，进一步体现了教室里安静的程度，使用了“连……也”的句式。进而理解安静有不同的程度，而例句的后半句也正是补充说明安静的程度的。连同学们匀称的呼吸声都能听清楚，这是一种比较夸张的表现方法说明了教室安静的程度深。最后，让学生读这句话体会教室里安静到什么程度。然后我引导学生体会到教室里安静的程度各不相同还可以用么词语表示：学生指出了有真安静、十分安静、特别安静。抓住这个时机我顺水推舟反问，后半句话有没有很、特别、十分这些字眼为什么却让我们感受到了真安静、十分安静、特别安静。作者运用了其他事物的情况体现了安静的程度。使我们感受更深刻。在此基础上，我又让学生补充说一些表示安静的程度的句子。同学们的积极性很高，也补充了一些好句子。教室里真安静，连同学们写字的刷刷声都能听见。教室里真安静，连一根针掉在地上都能听见。此时我点播学生：我们用特别微小的平时可能听不到的声音来突出教室里的很安静。让学生体后到可以从不同的角度来补充说明。通过这样的练习让学生知道什么是补充，学生从不同的角度来扩句，开阔了思路。三、利用练习学会方法：

高考英语写作指导主题句训练

2011年高考英语写作指导-主题句训练要想概括段落的中心思想，反映作者的写作意图，我们必须借助一个概括性的句子，即主题句，它是段落的核心所在。所以，写好一个段落的前提便是写好主题句。【活动教室】 Passage 1. 请根据段落其它信息推断总结出适当的主题句。 Clothes do not make the man. 人不在衣装。 1). From the chief executive to the office cleaner, everyone must accept this as the first priority over everything else in the company. In other words, everyone in the company must be sales oriented. The telephone operator the accounts clerk the storekeeper and everyone else must know how to handle enquires and customers politely, correctly. If the appropriate person is not around, the other staff should take orders if necessary, and even encourage order. The deliveryman must be willing to serve and please customers, and when called upon, he must be able to push and to show new products, accessories, etc. to get more sales for his company. Whether you are seeing hoses, hotel rooms, building contracts or exhibition services, you must ensure that you and your organization get enough sales, customers, clients, contracts or business to ensure a good regular inflow of income for your company. Everybody in the organization must understand that sales are the oxygen in the air that the organizational body breathes. Without sales the body dies quickly; with insufficient sales it dies slowly. 2). In other words, get the customer to reserve, to place orders in advance, and to sign a contract, to pay a deposit, or better still, to pay you in full before you acquire and deliver the product. Many hotels accept reservations for their rooms even before cons truction of the hotels is completed. Remember, you don’t have to buy before you sell. The biggest deals are made “no order”. Sold before you have them. 3)when you are really in an out of stock position, your sales people have to learn

如何写好主题句

如何写好主题句 2007年高考以来读写任务的“写作内容”都是三个要点, 三个要点最好依次用三个段落来写, 每个段落前最好用一个主题句, 这样做既不会漏掉要点，不会离题，又显得层次清楚，能让阅卷老师一目了然。段落的主题句其实就是一句过渡的话, 用来表达观点(赞成或反对)或引出类似的经历，使上下文衔接得更加紧密。 ◆主题句的定义：段落主题句就是全段的核心，统帅全段，并决定全段的发展方向。全段其他句子都是围绕主题句，对其进行说明、支持或扩展的，这些句子称作“扩展句(supporting sentence)”。 ◆主题句的模式： 1.说出感受（1）你读信后的感受（2012广州一模） I appreciate what you say and sorry to have caused you so much worry.I’m also touched that ..... (2) 你读完这个故事后的感受 After reading the passage,I was deep in thought ..... (3)你读完这篇演讲稿后的感受（2011广州一模） After reading this speech, I felt really sorry for the student who ....... 可以套用的模版： 1.After reading the passage,I was shocked and at the same time I felt sorry for ...... 2. After reading the passage，I'm really moved and learn a lot from ..... 3.From the story, we learn that ....... 4.I was deeply moved by........ It made me realize ......... 实战演练：（1）Tom来信说他现在学习压力大，请谈谈你读信后的感受。（2）吴菊萍挽救了一个从10楼掉下来的2岁女婴后被评为“最美妈妈”，请谈谈你对此的感受。. 2.引出经历（1）讲述一次想家的经历（11广东） Like Sam, each of us may have the experience of missing our family, me included. （2）. 你或你同学的做兼职的经历。 This reminds me of an unforgettable experience of my part-time job. I once had an experience of doing a part-time job in a summer vocation . (3)上文使你想起哪位对你帮助最大的老师（2012年广东高考） After reading this story，it suddenly reminds me of my respectable teacher Miss Wang，an English teacher who always carries a big smile on her face. 可以套用的模版： 1.The story reminds me of ...... 2.The story reminds me of my personal experience. 3.Taking_the_example_of_me,_I think it's not bad for Chinese parents to learn to be a little “westernized”！以我为例，我认为中国父母适当西化也是不错的事情。 4.There_are_some_examples_in our daily life, among_which_is the wasting of water.

文章中的句子写具体的方法有哪些

这是一套可操作性较强的作文基本功训练教程，对把文章句子写具体这个学生作文中最不易把握的内容，进行了比较平实的剖析，提出了一些具体解决问题的简单方法。接下来本人为大家介绍主要方法，一起来看看吧! 作文基本功系列训练：把文章中的句子写具体作文是学生运用语言文字表达思想观点的一种结果。文章语言的好坏，直接受思维的制约。思维的有序，决定语言的条理。思维的深度，决定语言的容量。总之，语言是思维的直接现实。训练学生把文章写得具体、生动，就必须从思维训练的角度，给学生以具体方法的指导，才能收到事半功倍的效果。一、通过观察和比较，使学生懂得什么是“具体”从具体到抽象，是人类认识事物的基本规律，也是儿童学习作文、写好句子的基本规律。教师无不要求学生“作文要具体”。其实，许多学生并不懂得什么样的文章、什么样的句子是“具体”，当然也就无从下手，不知向哪个方向努力了。为了解决这个问题，我引导学生观察同一意思的两种不同表达方式，比较两种文章、两个句子的优缺，使学生在观察和比较中，先“悟”出什么样的文章、什么样的句子才是“具体”的。请比较下面这两篇文章── 【例文1】第一天返校前天，我们学校的同学都来返校。歇了一个半月，同学们第一次见面，都很激动。同学们一见面嘴就聊起来没完。王老师怎么说也没用。发书时，有两本书一样，我们组的小排头张超只拿了一本。结果老师对书时才发现我们组少了一本，把王老师气坏了。过了一会儿，老师让带学杂费的同学交学杂费，交完学杂费自己登记。可李小阳交完钱就回去了。王老师收完发现不对，一问同学，李小阳才发现自己犯错了。看来，无论在什么时候，做事一定要认真，不然就会出错。

主题句展开的模式

主题句展开的模式在根据要点写好段落主题句后, 就要围绕主题句展开, 大体相当于为论点提供论据。拓展主题句主要有以下几种模式： 1.正反式如谈“诚信与人生的关系”这个话题, 可以利用正反式的逻辑组织材料: 诚信对人生的重要性; 没有诚信的人会怎样。 It’s obvious that an honest person will definitely win respect from others, which is of great importance in our study and daily life, let alone in the business world. However, a dishonest person will lose his fame and trust from others sooner or later. No matter how intelligent he is, dishonesty will ruin his future. 2.递进式如谈论“儿童肥胖的不良影响”, 可以从身体上进而从精神上谈论肥胖对儿童造成的不良影响。 As far as we know, obese children tend to eat a lot but they take little exercise, as a result of which they often fall ill easily. Besides, because of their appearance, they have less confidence in themselves, which leads to isolation and depression. 3.列举式如谈论个人对网上购物的看法。一方面利用正反式谈论其优点和缺点, 另一方面利用列举式分别谈其优点和缺点。例如详写其优点： On one hand, online shopping has its advantages. Firstly, it is much cheaper. As far as I’m concerned, online stores offer lower prices to the customers and some don’t charge delivery fee if we buy more than one. Secondly, it is more convenient as customers needn’t walk to store after store for what they like. And it’s easier for them to compare products online. 4.相关式指围绕对事物起决定作用的相关因素来谈论问题。如就“如何减少交通事故”的主题谈论人们应该如何避免交通事故, 我们就可以围绕造成交通事故的相关因素如司机和行人来谈论如何避免。 What can we do to avoid traffic accidents? (1) As to drivers: keep their emotions under control; respect others (2) As to walkers/pedestrians and cyclists: strictly obey the traffic rules; value their own lives 5.细化主题句就“压力对学生的影响”发表自己的看法。(2007珠海调研) It is obvious that too much pressure is harmful to us students. As we know, pressure not only destroys our motivation for study but also ruins our health. 6.说明结果或后果你对国家“禁止商场免费提供塑料袋”的看法。(2008深圳一模) It is necessary for the government to forbid shops from offering free plastic bags. With this ban, shopping customers would gradually form a habit of bringing environmentally-friendly bags with them so that the consumption of plastic bags would be greatly reduced.

主题句、支持句和结论句

主题句、支持句和结论句 1．主题句（topic sentence）主题句概括段落的主要内容，它不仅确定段落的主题，而且限定该主题在本段落详细讨论的范围。因此，主题句是整个段落的纲领。围绕主题句，作者逐步展开段落，包括列举事实，提供例证，描写细节，说明理由等。 1）怎样写好主题句主题句的好坏直接关系到段落是否成功，因此，我们必须认真写好主题句。写作主题句有三忌：一忌不完整（incomplete），二忌不清楚（unclear），三忌过于笼统（general）。也就是说，主题句的句子结构和思想内容必须完整；主题句的主题思想必须清楚，不能模棱两可；主题句包含的内容必须具体，不能空泛。例如作文题是The Advantages of Travel（旅行的好处）。试比较其中一段的主题句，前三种写法均不可取。不完整：Enjoy the beautiful scenery in different places．不清楚：To travel，one needs to know something about it．太笼统：By travelling one enjoys a lot．较好：By travelling one can enjoy the beautiful scenery indifferent places． 2）主题句的位置首先，主题句通常置于段落之首（beginning）。这符合英语族人的语篇思维特征，先采用主题句开门见山地摆出问题，随之辅以细说。其作用是便于读者迅速地把握主题，抓住段落的中心思想，容易引起读者的兴趣。这是演绎法（deduction），便于初学者仿效。例如： There are many factors that bring air pollution to us．We can not have fresh air in the morning．This is mainly because of the poisonous smoke coming from the factories，especially the chemical ones．Moreover，there is also carbon dioxide coming from the engines of the cars，trucks and buses．段落第一句是主题句，道出了全段的中心思想——造成空气污染的因素。air pollution和factors是关键词。其次，主题句也常置于段落之尾（ending）。作者先不说出本段的中心思想，一直留到最后才披露。这可以使读者产生一种悬念，迫切要求读下去，同时对读者产生的印象也特别深刻。放在段末的主题句，通常还有对前面所述作一个总结的作用。这可称为归纳法（induction）。例如：