新概念英语第二册第1课笔记

Lesson 1 A private conversation

二、【New words and expressions 】生词和短语（12）

private adj. 私人的 conversation n. 谈话 theatre n. 剧场，戏院 seat n. 座位 play n. 戏 loudly adv. 大声地 angry adj. 生气的

angrily adv. 生气地

attention n. 注意

bear v. 容忍

business n. 事

rudely adv. 无礼地，粗鲁地

1、private （1）adj. 私人的 同义词：personal

private life 私生活

private school 私立学校

private letter 私人信件

private conversation 私人谈话

private company 私人公司

private secretary 私人秘书

private affairs 私事

That is for your private ear. 那是说给你一个人听的秘密。

It's my private letter. （如果妈妈想看你的信）

It's my private house. （如果陌生人想进你的房子）

private

强调隐私

personal 仅指个人的，不强调隐私，没有秘密可言

（2）adj. 秘密的 同义词：secret

a private/secret place 一个秘密的地方

（3）adj. 普通的

private citizen 普通公民

I'm a private citizen. （citizen n. 公民）

private soldier 大兵

《Private Ryan 》（《拯救大兵瑞恩》）

（4）public adj. 公众的，公开的（private 的反义词）

public school 公立学校

public letter 公开信

public place 公共场所

（5）privately adv. 私人、秘密 ＝in private

publicly adv. 公开 ＝in public

（6）privacy n.隐私

It's privacy. 这是我的隐私！（不愿让别人知道的）

2、conversation n.谈话

talk 内容可正式可不正式，也可以私人。

Let's have a talk 。

chat 闲聊，就是北京人说的“侃”，说的是无关紧要的事。

dialogue 对话，可以指正式国家与国家会谈。

China and Korea are having a dialogue 。

conversation 指非正式谈话。一般用于正式文体中。

（1）交谈 subject of conversation 话题

They are having a conversation。

gossip 名词变动词嚼舌头，说长道短。

say vt. 表示说的内容

speak 表示讲语言时，是及物动词；speak English、speak Chinese

表示说话、谈话时，是不及物动词

speech n. 谈话，交谈

discuss 有着严肃目的的讨论

discussion n. 讨论

talk

conversation

（2）have a dialogue with sb. 与某人交谈

chat

gossip

have a talk with sb.=talk with sb.

have a conversation with sb.=conversate with sb.

have a chat with sb.=chat with sb.

talk with/to sb. 和某人谈话

talk about 谈论

talk with/to sb. about sth. 和某人谈论某事

I have a quiet consation with my closest friend. 我和我最好的朋友进行密谈。

I saw him in conversation with a friend. 我看见他在和朋友谈话。

No conversation while I’m talking. 我讲话的时候不要谈话。

We had a long chat about old times. 我们聊了许多关于过去的事。

be in conversation with sb. 和…在聊天表示状态

be having conversation with sb.

He is nothing but a gossip. 他就是个爱嚼舌头的人。

（3）converse v. 谈话，交谈

converse with sb. 和某人谈话

（4）have words with sb. 与…争吵

3、theatre＝theater（美式用法）n.剧场（＝play house（口语化）），戏剧

类似的单词：metre＝meter（美式用法）

centre＝center（美式用法）

theatre goer 戏迷

play goer

cinema n.电影院

drama

戏剧 opera 多指歌剧

play

（1）地点名词前必须加定冠词的

cinema 看电影＝go to the movies＝go to the film

go to the theatre 看戏

concert 听音乐会

（2）地点名词前通常不加定冠词的

school 上学

hospital 住院

church 作礼拜

go to prison 坐牢

college 上大学

sea 洗海澡

town 进城

以上的名词表示地点时前面可以加the，意为“去…地方”

表达某种身份时不能加the。

He is in prison. 他在坐牢。

He is in the prison. 他在监狱里。

go to college 上大学

go to the college 去大学办事

4、seat （1）n.座位

take a seat/take your seat 坐下来，就坐

take a/one’s seat 请坐 one’s 指对号入座

have a 指随便就座

相关词组：

offer sb. a seat 给某人让座

get a seat 找个座

have a good seat/place 坐的位置不错这里的seat指place（指地点），而不是chair。 Is the seat taken 这个位置有人吗英语最为地道的说法

（2）seat vt.让某人就座

seat sb. 让某人就坐，后面会加人

he seated me in/on a comfortable sofa. 他让我坐在一张舒服的沙发上。

在沙发上、椅子上用on或in均可。

（3）请坐的4 种说法:

Sit down,please. （命令性）口语化的

Take your seat,please.

Seat yourself,please.

Be seated,please. （更礼貌）代表状态

（4）作为动词的seat与sit 的区别

sit（sat，sitten） vi. 就座

He is sitting there. 他坐在那儿。

Seat yourself。

sit down 坐下

be seated=take a seat 就坐

（5）有一些动词的宾语是反身代词时，等于它的被动语态

hurt hurt

dress oneself = be dressed

devote devoted

seat seated

He devoted himself to the education. 他把自己奉献给教育事业。

He was devoted to the education.

be seated = be sitting 正在坐着表示状态

I found him sitting in/on a comfortable sofa. （宾补）我发现他坐在一张舒服的沙发上。

seated in/on a comfortable sofa.

I found that he was seated in/on a comfortable sofa. （that从句）

was sitting in/on a comfortable sofa.

find

think 后接宾语补足语或从句多用宾补

believe

I found him listening to th music.

I found her beautiful.

（6）vt. 容纳相当于hold、accommodate

The hall can seat 100 person. 这个大厅可以容纳100人。

5、play（1）vt.进行…的活动

①玩运动项目时，前面不加定冠词the

play football 踢足球 play basketball 打篮球 play volleyball 打羽毛球play cards 打牌play chess 下棋

②玩乐器时，前面要加定冠词the

play the violin 拉小提琴 play the piano 弹钢琴play the guitar 弹吉他

（2）vi. 玩

play with 玩弄、摆弄

play with fire 玩火

toys 玩玩具

（3）n. 戏剧

go to the theatre 去看戏

go to see a play

comedy 喜剧

tragedy 悲剧

playwright n. 剧作家

6、loudly adv. 大声地

（1）loud adv. &adj. 强调声音大

aloud adv. 强调出声，不一定是大声

loudly adv. 不但声音大而且嘈杂

（2）read aloud 朗读

laugh loud 大声笑

talk loud 大声讲话

knock loudly 大声敲打

ring loudly 大声按铃

Louder，please. 大声点loud在使用时一般都用比较级 loud speaker 扬声器loud adj.

He speaks in a loud/high voice. 他大声讲话。

In a low voice 低声

In a strong voice 不但声音大而且有底气

In a weak voice 声音小且微弱

7、angry adj. 生气的

（1） angry =cross

I was angry. /He was cross。

annoy

trouble

disturb

annoyed 恼火的；

be blue in the face 脸上突然变色

程I was annoyed。有些闹心

度I was angry/cross。生气

加I was very angry。非常生气

深I am blue in the face. 脸色发青（脸色都青了，相当生气了）（2）be angry woth sb. 生某人的气

be angry at/about/over sth. 因为…而生气

（3）anger n. 怒气

He’s full of anger. 他很生气。＝he is very angry.

表达心中的情感通常用be full of 来表达，最为地道。

（4）angrily adv. 生气地＝with anger

He is looking at me angrily.

with anger.

介词词组表达情感时用with，等于它的副词。

difficultly＝with difficult

smlingly＝with a smile

8、attention n. 注意（U.）词根：attend 参加、照顾

Attention，please. 请注意（口语）

pay attention 注意

pay attention to …对……注意to是介词

You must pay attention to that girl.

pay a little attention 稍加注意

pay much attention 多加注意

pay more attention 更多注意

pay no attention 不用注意

pay little attention 不太注意

pay close attention 特别注意

pay enough attention 足够关注

pay some attention 注意

Attention! 立正口语化

Stand to attention. 正式用法

Stand at ease. 稍息

9、bear（bore，born） v. 容忍

（1）vt. 承受，支撑，承担，负担

Can the ice bear my weight

Who will bear the cost 谁来承担这笔费用

（2）vt. 忍受（一般与表示“能够”的字眼，如can、could、be able to 连用于疑问句及否定句中）

She eats too fast. I can’t bear to watch/watching her. 她吃得太快。我看着受不了。

How can you bear living in this place 你怎么能受得了住在这个地方

I can’t bear it.

bear

stand bear/stand/endure 忍受的极限在加大

忍受，容忍 endure

put up with

suffer 多指承受自然、病痛等

（3）vt.生育

be born 生于…

bear a child 生育孩子比较生硬

give birth to sb. 委婉的说法

（4）vt.怀有…的情感

bear sth. in mind 把…记在心里

I’ll bear it in mind. 我会把它记在心里。

（5）记住remember/recall/recollect 记起（原来记过）

memorize 记住（原来没记过）

背诵recite

learn sth. by heart

（6）bear n.熊

bear hug 热情（热烈）的拥抱

give sb. a bear hug

10、business n. 事，生意

（1） n. 生意

business man 生意人

do business 做生意

go on business 公出

（2）n. 某人自己的私人的事情

thing 所有的事都可以用thing来表示

matter 多指麻烦事

事affair（s）指国际大事

business 多指商业、生意上的事

incident 指特殊的一件小事，尤其指巧合的小事

It's none of your business. 不关你的事。

（3）职业

What’s your job 你是做什么工作的

What do you do

What are you

What line/business are you in

What’s your occupation

11、rudely adv. 无礼地，粗鲁地

（1）rude adj. 粗鲁的，无礼的同义词：impolite 反义词：polite be rude to sb. 对某人粗鲁

a rude answer 粗鲁的回答

（2）表示人们的心理情感的形容词变名词时多用-ness

rudeness n. 粗鲁

kindness

goodness

（3） shout at at表示近距离，且多含有侮辱的意思

cry at

shout to to表示远距离，不含有侮辱成分

cry to

call out to

point at sb. 指着某人（很不礼貌的）

（4）It’s + 被动语态 that从句

名词＋of/for sb. ＋ doing

表语形容词 to do sth.

It's rude of sb. to do sth.

①It’s + adj. + for sb. …表示这件事对某人的影响结果，人是动作的执行者

此类形容词有：dangerous、safe、easy、difficult、hard、different、necssary、

essential、normal、important

It’s important for you to study English.

It’s easy for them to help you.

It’s dangerous for him to walk outside.

②It’s + adj. + of sb. …表示这件事反映某人的品质

此类形容词有：rude、kind、friendly、polite、nice、cruel

③It’s+ n. + of/for sb. …

常用的名词有：a pity、a shame、fun

It’s a pity for him to miss the class.

④ It’s no use doing …

no good

It’s no use crying now.

12、pay vt. &vi. 支付

（1）vt. &vi. 支付（价款等）

Have you paid the taxi-driver

You can pay a deposit of thirty pounds…您可以先付30 英镑的定金……

I’ll pay by instalments。

I paid 50 dollars for this skirt. （pay…for sth. 花/支付……（钱）买……）

（2）vt. &vi. 给予（注意等）；去（访问）

They did not pay any attention。

We paid a visit to our teacher last Sunday. 上星期天我们去拜访了老师。

（3）n. 工资，报酬

I have not received my pay yet. 我还没有领到工资。

二、【Grammer】

（一）一般现在时

1、结构

（1）主语＋动词原形

（2）主语＋be动词＋非动词

2、常用的时间副词

（1）频率副词

always、usually、often、sometimes、ever、never、seldom（=rarely）、frequently （2）in the morning、at night、on Sunday、every+时间名词

（3）次数＋时间段

以上的词均用how often 提问。

测试答案：

（1）The teacher asked us to read aloud. 老师让我们朗读。

The teacher let us read aloud.

（2）He laughed at（made fun of） me in public, and I couldn’t bear him. 他在公共场合嘲笑我，我无法忍受他。

（3）It's dangerous for you to play with fire in thde street. 在大街上玩火是很危险的。

that you play with fire in the street.

（4）He cried/shouted at me angrily/with anger. 他生气地向我喊叫。

（5）I seated him in a comfortable place.

（6）I often go to the theatre. 我经常去看戏。

see a play.

（7）He doesn’t pay any attention to may words. 他根本不注意我的话。

He pays on attention to may words.

（8）Can the hall seat 500 people. 这个大厅能容纳500人吗（9）By the end of last year, he had been in college for three years. 到去年年底，他已经上大学三年了。

（10）This is a private computer, you can’t use it. 这是一部私人电脑，你不能用它。

3、一般现在时的用法：

（1）表示经常发生的动作。

（2）表示客观规律或自然现象。

The earth runs/moves/travels around the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。

There are seven days in a week. 一周有七天。

Light travels fast. 光速很快。

Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。

（3）表示主语的特征、身份、状态等等。

He’s a teacher.

They’re happy.

以下动词能表达主语的身份、状态等：live、work、study

I live in Panjin.

He studies hard.

（4）表示主语的爱好、能力等。

I like English. like、know、understand 永远不会有进行时。

I speak English well. well在这里表达能力。

（5）用在时间状语从句或条件状语从句中，时态为：主将从现

表示时间状语从句的连词：when、as soon as、after、before 适用于此种情况的表示条件状语从句的连词：if、unless（＝if not）

表示让步状语从句的连词：no matter how 虽然…但是

I will run into the room as soon as it rains.

主将从现

if用在真实条件状语从句中，适用于“主将从现”。

Unless he comes, I will call him.＝If he doesn’t come, I will call him.

如果他不来，我将给他打电话。

no matter 不管

no matter＋疑问词＝疑问词＋-ever

No matter how much advice you give, he won’t follow.

However much advice you give, he won’t follow.

（6）表示计划好或安排好的动作（句子中要有明确的时间状语）

常用的动词有：begin、leave、start、go、come、arrive、stop、open、shut、return等，且主语大多都是物。

The train leaves at eight. 火车8点钟开。

The meeting starts/begins at eight. 将在8点钟召开会议。

（二）现在进行时

1、构成

主语＋be＋doing

2、时间词

（1）表示时间点

now＝at present＝at the moment＝for the time being

（2）表示时间段

this days、this year、this month 表示这段时间一直在做一件事，但说话这一刻不一定在做。

（3）前或后有祈使句，用进行时

The train is coming. Hurry!

（4）前面的句子有时间条件，后面的句子用进行时。

it 可以表达天气、距离、时间等

It’s 3, the students are studying in the classroom.

It’s fall, the leaves are falling.

（5）表示发展、变化的动词，用进行时来表达

常用的动词有：get、become

It’s getting colder.

（6）always、frequently用在现在时表达陈述事实，用在进行时表示报怨或赞美的语气。

He always helps others. 他总是帮助别人。

He’s always helping others.

They are always making noises. 他们总是弄出噪音。

They always make noises.

（7）短暂动词用进行时表达将来时。

Come、go、die、leave

He is dying. 他快死了。

When is he coming 他什么时候来

（8）以图片为背景，介绍图片里的情况时，用进行时。

（9）可以表达说话者非常关切的口气。

How are you feeling

（三）一般将来时

十一种：

1、主语+be+going+to do

2、主语＋will/shall+do

3、短暂动词用进行时表达将来时。

4、打算性动词用现在时表达将来时

want、hope、mean、intend、aim、plan 后接to do，永远没有进行时

5、主语＋be+to do

6、主语＋be +about+to do

7、主语＋set out/off+to do

8、主语＋set about+doing

9、主语＋情态动词＋do

10、祈使句可代表将来时

11、主语＋be+due to+do

（二）将来时的时间词

1、tomorrow类的

tomorrow、the day after tomorrow、tomorrow evening、the day after tomorrow in the evening（后天晚上）

2、next+时间名词

next year、the year after next

3、in＋时间段＝in+时间段’s+time

2011-07-24

soon＝shortly＝before long 不久之后

in the future 遥远的将来，未来

in future 很近的将来＝from now on 从现在开始的时间

after＋时间点after May

in＋时间段

some day

one day 有可能用将来时，也可以用过去时

3、一般将来时的用法

（1）主语＋be＋going to

表达个人打算主观意图比较强烈

（2）will

表达客观或自然性

Next year will be 2002.

I will be 12 next year.

Fish will die without water.

Turn right,you will see the school.

There will be a class tomorrow. 明天将会有一堂课。

There is going to be a class tomorrow.

There be 结构表示“存在”，某处有某物

Have 表示“有，拥有”，主语必须为有生命的名词。

There is going to be rain tomorrow.

There will be rain tomorrow. 正式用法

It will rain tomrrow.

will含有个人的祝愿和意愿的意思，对于一件事情的可能性、遥远的事情也用will will含有个人心甘情愿的意思

shall用于陈述句时，多指法条，含有命令的意思，意为“应该”，比should语气更为强烈

I believe that China will be stronger and stronger.

Oil and water can’t mix together.

won’t 可以表达“不能”，相当于can’t.

My pen won’t work. 我的笔坏了。

表示“容量”时，可以用will表达，相当于can.

The hall will seat 100 people.

（3）be to do

直接表打算，表示命令或要求的口气

（4）be about to do

最迫在眉睫的，眼看要发生的，最紧迫的

be about to do没有特别的时间词，后面往往接when引导的时间状语从句

He was about to die when we found him. 当我们发现他的时候，他眼看就要死了。

The train will leave at 8. 火车将在8点钟开。

The train leaves at 8

The train is leaving at 8.

（5）be due to do 表达有一定的时间点

（6）set out/off to do 着手去做

set out/off 单独用时，意为“出发”

四、一般过去时

1、结构

主语+was/were+非动词

主语+动词的过去式助动词是did

used to do

would do

2、时间词

（1）yesterday last night the day before yesterday the year before last

The day before yesterday in the evening

（2）last+时间名词

（3）时间段+ago

（4）明确的过去时间

（5）long long ago=once upon a time

（6）before + 单词

从句

（7）one day 一天 once 曾经 the other day 几天前in the old days 在过去的时光then 那时

3、一般过去时的用法

（1）应用于现在时的时间副词都可以用在过去时，但要有明确的过去时间

（2）谈到死去的人要用过去时

LeiFeng was a nice comrade.

（3）表示过去的一连串动作，没说明确的时间

（4）时间、让步、条件状语从句，也适用于“主将从现”，主句是过去将来时，从句是一般过去时。多用于间接引语。

He said he would tell you when he saw you. 他说他见到你就会告诉你。

（5）wish、wonder、hope、think用它们做主句的头，从句表示试探性的语气

I thought you may have some advice. 我想你应该有些建议。=Can you give me some advice

（6）when引导的从句是一般过去时，主句以过去类为主。

五、过去将来时

1、结构

主语+was/were going to do

Would do

Was/were to do

Was/were about to do

过去将来时不能单独使用，需放在各种从句中使用。

He asked me if there was going to be rain tomorrow.

They wondered（wanted to know） when I could finished the task. 他们想知道我什么时间完成任务。

六、过去进行时

主语+was/were+doing

（1）用在讲故事的背景

It was a winter, the wind was blowing strongly/hard, the snow was falling, a little girl was walking in/on the street.

（2）在过去的某一时刻

①at that time/moment=then 在那时

At that time, he was smoking.

②at this time+过去时间

At this time yesterday, he was sleeping.

③at+钟点+过去时间

At 3 o’clock yesterday, he was playing basketball.

④always用在过去进行进也可表达赞美或抱怨的语气。

⑤复合句的时间状语从句中，其中的一个句子一定是过去时，另外一个句子的动词是延续性动词，则用过去进行时。

When I came in, she was cooking dinner.

When she was cooking dinner, I came in.

（七）现在完成时

有两种形式：已完成式，到现在为止，已经做完某事动词都是短暂动词

He has left.

未完成式，到现在为止，尚在发展进行当中动词都是延续性动词 He has lived here for three years.

和过去时的区别

He was a teacher.

He has been a teacher.

过去时有明确的时间

完成时的时间比较模糊

1、结构

主语+have/has+done have/has是助动词

2、时间状语

（1）时间副词：already、still、just、yet、ever、never、before、lately、recently

①already 在肯定句中，行前be后

He has already come.

用在疑问句句尾，表达惊讶的语气

Has he come already

②still 在肯定句和疑问句中译为“仍然、还”，位置是行前be后

It’s still early.

在否定句中译为“尚未”，位置是助动词之前

He still hasn’t come.

still作为形容词时，意为“宁静的，寂静的”

still 作为连词用时，意为“但是，然而”，属委婉转折，可以和“虽然”放在一起。

③yet 用在否定句或疑问句句尾

④hardly ever=almost ever

hardly any=almost no

I have hardly any money.=I have almost no money.

He hardly ever goes shopping.=He almost never goes shopping.

⑤before可以用在时间段之后，也可以单独使用。

⑥lately和recently 意为“最近”，通常用在完成时

（2）包括“现在”在内的时间词，now、today、this year可以用于各种时态，所用的时态需要看具体情况

（3）so far、by far、up to now/the present 到现在为止用在句首或句尾

（4）第几次、最…

It（或主语） is（will be）+序数词或形容词最高级＋名词＋完成时 is可以换成was，后边用过去完成时

She’s the most beautiful girl that I’ve seen.

It will be the second time that I have read the book.

It is the first time that I have been to Shanghai.

（5）for+时间段，不是完全的完成时的特征，没有明确的时间段时用现在完成时

（6）介词＋名词或代词后边必须加时间点

since 连词＋句子

副词（副词放在句尾）用作副词时，肯定有个前提

Since March, he has lived here.

Since I knew him , he has lived here.

Since the film began, he has slept.

The film began at 8, he has slept （ever） since. 加ever是为了强调。

（7）在过去的时间段之内

during/in /over the past/last＋时间段

They have planted/grew many trees during/in/over the past/last three years.

（8）有次数的话，要用完成时

He has seen the person twice.

（9）完成进行时的结构：

have/has＋been＋doing 选择题中出现时，有完成时和完成进行时，以完成进行时优先。

有两项不能用完成进行时：有截止次数的话一定用完成时。

前边主干句子用否定句的话用完成时。

He hasn’t seen the man for three years.

He hasn’t cried since the rain stopped.

（10）has gone 去…还没回来

has been 去…已经回来了

has been to 去了已经回来了

in 去了还没回来，待在那里

He has been away from Shanghai for 3 years.

He left Shanghai 3 years ago.

It’s 3 years since he left Shanghai.

3 years has passed since he left Shanghai.

He has been away from Shanghai since 3 years ago.

（八）过去完成时

had＋过去分词

到什么时候为止，用by

两个动作都是以前发生的，先发生的用过去完成时，后发生的用一般过去时，通常用在时间状语从句中。

He had finished homework when I saw him.

用before、after的都适用于此条。

用在各种从句的间接引语中

He said he had seen him.

（九）将来完成时

will have done

（十）将来进行时

will be+doing 将来进行时陈述的可能性比一般将来时更大

（十一）将来完成进行时

will have been doing

（十二）过去将来完成时

would have done

（十三）过去将来完成进行时

would have been doing

新概念英语第二册17课超详细笔记

Lesson 17 Always young 【New words and expressions】生词和短语 appear v. 登场，扮演 stage n. 舞台 bright adj. 鲜艳的 stocking n. （女用）长筒袜(棉的, 绒的, 并不是现在的丝袜) sock n. 短袜 ★appear v. 登场, 扮演 ①vi. 出现，显露（反义词是disappear） The plane appeared. The plane disappeared. ②vi. 当众露面；登场（演出等） The actor appeared. I can’t appear in this dress at the party. appear as 扮演……角色He appeared as a prince. appear on the stage as…(扮演的确切表达) My aunt appeared on the stage as a young girl. ③vi. 似乎，看起来好像（与seem 同义），显得(系动词，后面直接加形容词) He appears nervous. 他显得很紧张(看起来) She appears to know you. Now it appears you are wrong. ★stage n. 舞台on the stage 在舞台上in the stage 在某一阶段(时期) ★bright adj. 鲜艳的bright red 鲜红色；bright yellow 明黄色；bright blue 宝蓝色 【Text】My aunt Jennifer is an actress. She must be at least thirty-five years old. In spite of this, she often appears on the stage as a young girl. Jennifer will have to take part in a new play soon. This time, she will be a girl of seventeen. In the play, she must appear in a bright red dress and long black stockings. Last year in another play, she had to wear short socks and a bright, orange-coloured dress. If anyone ever asks her how old she is, she always answers, 'Darling, it must be terrible to be grown up!' 参考译文我的姑姑詹妮弗是位演员, 她至少也有35 岁了. 尽管如此, 她却常在舞台上扮演小姑娘. 詹妮弗很快又要参加一个新剧的演出. 这一次, 她将扮演一个17岁的少女. 演出时她必须穿一条鲜红色的裙子和黑色的长筒袜. 去年在演另一个剧时, 她不得不穿短袜和一件鲜艳的橘红色的衣服. 一旦有人问起她有多大年纪, 她总是回答:“亲爱的, 长成大人真可怕啊!” 【课文讲解】 1、My aunt Jennifer is an actress. 以-ess 结尾的是女性；以-or、-er 结尾的是男性 actor男演员actress 女演员waiter 男服务员waitress 女服务员 prince王子princess 公主lion 公狮子lioness 母狮子 doctor 男医生woman doctor 女医生god 神goddess 女神(God上帝, 注意“G”大写) 2、She must be at least thirty-five years old. 年龄的两种表示方法：

新概念英语第二册第一课(包含课文、练习及答案)

新概念英语二 Lesson 1 Lesson 1 A private conversation 私人谈话 First listen and then answer the question. 听录音，然后回答以下问题。 Why did the writer complain to the people behind him? Last week I went to the theatre. I had a very good seat. The play was very interesting. I did not enjoy it. A young man and a young woman were sitting behind me. They were talking loudly. I got very angry. I could not hear the actors. I turned round. I looked at the man and the woman angrily. They did not pay any attention. In the end, I could not bear it. I turned round again. 'I can't hear a word!' I said angrily. ‘It's none of your business,' the young man said rudely. ‘This is a private conversation!' New words and expressions 生词和短语 private adj. 私人的 conversation n. 谈话 theatre n. 剧场，戏院 seat n. 座位 play n. 戏 loudly adv. 大声地 angry adj. 生气的 angrily adv. 生气地 attention n. 注意 actor. n男演员 turn. vi 转身 bear（bore, borne） v. 容忍 business n. 事 rudely adv. 无礼地，粗鲁地 Note on the text 课文注释 1 go to the theatre, 去看戏。 2 get angry，生气。 3 turn round，转身，也可用turn around。 4 pay attention，注意。 5 I could not bear it. 我无法忍受。 其中的it是指上文中的那对男女大声说话又不理会作者的愤怒目光。 6 none of your business, 不关你的事。 参考译文 上星期我去看戏。我的座位很好，戏很有意思，但我却无法欣赏。一青年男子与一青年女子坐在我的身后，大声地说着话。我非常生气，因为我听不见演员在说什么。我回过头去怒视着那一男一女，他们却毫不理会。最后，我忍不住了，又一次回过头去，生气地说：“我一个字也听不见了！” “不关你的事，”那男的毫不客气地说，“这是私人间的谈话！”

【第二次修订完全版】新概念英语第二册笔记pdf(96课全)

目录 Lesson 1 A private conversation 私人谈话 (4) Lesson 2 Breakfast or lunch? 早餐还是午餐 (11) Lesson 3 Please send me a card 请给我寄一张明信片 (16) Lesson 4 An exciting trip 激动人心的旅行 (21) Lesson 5 No wrong numbers 无错号之虞 (25) Lesson 6 Percy Buttons 珀西.巴顿斯 (31) Lesson 7 Too late 为时太晚 (38) Lesson 8 The best and the worst最好的和最差的 (44) Lesson 9 A cold welcome 冷遇 (49) Lesson 10 Not for jazz不适于演奏爵士乐 (55) Lesson 11 One good turn deserves another礼尚往来 (60) Lesson 12 Goodbye and good luck 再见，一路顺风 (64) Lesson 13 The Greenwood Boys 绿林少年 (68) Lesson 14 Do you speak English? 你会讲英语吗？ (74) Lesson 15 Good news 佳音 (80) Lesson 16 A polite request 彬彬有礼的要求 (85) Lesson 17 Always young 青春常驻 (90) Lesson 18 He often does this! 他经常干这种事！ (96) Lesson 19 Sold out 票已售完 (99) Lesson 20 One man in a boat 独坐孤舟 (104) Lesson 21 Mad or not? 是不是疯了？ (110) Lesson 22 A glass envelope 玻璃信封 (115) Lesson 23 A new house 新居 (119) Lesson 24 It could be worse 不幸中之万幸 (122) Lesson 25 Do the English speak English? 英国人讲的是英语吗？ (125) Lesson 26 The best art critics 最佳艺术评论家 (130) Lesson 27 A wet night 雨夜 (136) Lesson 28 No parking 禁止停车 (143) Lesson 29 Taxi! 出租汽车！ (149) Lesson 30 Football or polo？足球还是水球？ (154) Lesson 31 Success story 成功者的故事 (159) Lesson 32 Shopping made easy 购物变得很方便 (165) Lesson 33 Out of the darkness 冲出黑暗 (171) Lesson 34 Quick work 破案“神速” (177) Lesson 35 Stop thief! 捉贼 (180) Lesson 36 Across the Channel 横渡海峡 (186) Lesson 37 The Olympic Games 奥林匹克运动会 (193) Lesson 38 Everything except the weather 唯独没有考虑到天气 (198) Lesson 39 Am I all right? 我是否痊愈? (203) Lesson 40 Food and talk 进餐与交谈 (208) Lesson 41 Do you call that a hat? 你把那个叫帽子吗？ (213)

裕兴新概念英语第一册笔记完整版[1]

裕兴新概念英语第一册笔记完整版 ?1）v. 原谅 ?eg. Excuse me. 请原谅，劳驾。 2）n. 借口 ?eg. It?s an excuse. ?me pron. 我（宾格:用来做宾语的。） ?eg. He loves me. 他爱我. ?eg. She cheats me. 他骗我. ?eg. Please tell me. 他告诉我. Excuse me 的用法 这个短语经常被译作“对不起”，但它并不表示你有什么过错，而是说你要打搅别人，所以常被译作“劳驾”。1）为了要引起别人的注意 ?eg. Excuse me. Is this you handbag? 2）要打扰某人或要打断别人话 ?eg. Excuse me . May I ask you a question? 3) 向陌生人问路 ?eg. Excuse me. Could you please tell me the way to the railway station? 4) 向某人借东西 ?eg. Excuse me. Can I bor row your pen? 5) 需要从别人身边挤过或让别人给自己让路 ?eg. Excuse me. Could you please make some room for me? 6) 要求在宴席或会议中途中离开一会儿 eg. Excuse me. May I lease for a little while? ?sorry 用于当你做错事而向别人道歉的时候，表示“对不起”。 1）请问几点了？ ?eg. Excuse me. What time is it? 2) 不小心把水弄到了别人的身上。 ?eg. Sorry. 或者I?m sorry! 3) 对不起，我先失陪一下 ?eg. Excuse me. 4) 误解了别人的意思 ?eg. Sorry. ?yes 1)adv. 是的（对一般疑问句的肯定回答） ?eg. Are you mad? --Yes, I am. 2)经常用于应答，表示“什么事”。 ?eg. Excuse me? 请问/劳驾？ ---Yes? 什么事？ ?is v. be 动词现在时第三人称单数 ?be : is am are ?is 用于单数名词或单数第三人称代词。 ?eg. He is a student. 他是一个学生。 ?eg. That?s an egg. 那是一个鸡蛋。（That?s= That is）

新概念英语第一册笔记(完整版)

新概念英语第一册 笔记完整版 ?1）v. 原谅 ?eg. Excuse me. 请原谅，劳驾。 2）n. 借口 ?eg. It?s an excuse. ?me pron. 我（宾格:用来做宾语的。）?eg. He loves me. 他爱我. ?eg. She cheats me. 他骗我. ?eg. Please tell me. 他告诉我. Excuse me 的用法 这个短语经常被译作“对不起”，但它并不表示你有什么过错，而是说你要打搅别人，所以常被译作“劳驾”。 1）为了要引起别人的注意 ?eg. Excuse me. Is this you handbag? 2）要打扰某人或要打断别人话 ?eg. Excuse me . May I ask you a question? 3) 向陌生人问路 ?eg. Excuse me. Could you please tell me the way to the railway station? 4) 向某人借东西 ?eg. Excuse me. Can I borrow your pen? 5) 需要从别人身边挤过或让别人给自己让路 ?eg. Excuse me. Could you please make some room for me? 6) 要求在宴席或会议中途中离开一会儿eg. Excuse me. May I lease for a little while? ?sorry 用于当你做错事而向别人道歉的时候，表示“对不起”。 1）请问几点了？ ?eg. Excuse me. What time is it? 2) 不小心把水弄到了别人的身上。 ?eg. Sorry. 或者 I?m sorry! 3) 对不起，我先失陪一下 ?eg. Excuse me. 4) 误解了别人的意思 ?eg. Sorry. ?yes 1)adv. 是的（对一般疑问句的肯定回答）?eg. Are you mad? --Yes, I am. 2)经常用于应答，表示“什么事”。 ?eg. Excuse me? 请问/劳驾？ ---Yes? 什么事？ ?is v. be 动词现在时第三人称单数 ?be : is am are ?is 用于单数名词或单数第三人称代词。 ?eg. He is a student. 他是一个学生。 ?eg. That?s an egg. 那是一个鸡蛋。（That?s= That is） ?eg. This is a pen. 这是一支钢笔。 ?your 你的，你们的（物主代词后面加名词）?your key 你的钥匙 ?eg. This is your key. 这是你的钥匙。 ?eg. That is your book. 那是你的书。 ?your room 你们的房间 ?eg. That is your room. 那是你们的房间。 ?pardon 原谅，请再说一遍 ?pardon=pardon me=I beg your pardon? 能再说一遍吗？ ?eg. Is this your pencil? 这是你的铅笔吗？ --Yes, it is. 是的，它是。（it 指代 pencil） ?thank you 感谢你（们） 2）you 代词（你，你们） 主格-----作主语 ?eg. You are a good student. 你是一个好学生。 宾格------作宾语

裕兴新概念英语第二册笔记 第17课学习资料

裕兴新概念英语第二册笔记第17课

裕兴新概念英语第二册笔记第十七课 My aunt Jennifer is an actress. She must be at least thirty-five years old. In spite of this, she often appears on the stage as a young girl. Jennifer will have to take part in a new play soon. This time, she will be a girl of seventeen. In the play, she must appear in a bright red dress and long black stockings. Last year in another play, she had to wear short socks and a bright, orange-coloured dress. If anyone ever asks her how old she is, she always answers, 'My Dear, it must be terrible to be grown up!' 我的姑姑詹妮弗是位演员，她至少也有35岁了。尽管如此，她却常在舞台上扮演小姑娘。詹妮弗很快又要参加一个新剧的演出。这一次，她将扮演一个17岁的少女。演出时她必须穿一条鲜红色的裙子和黑色的长筒袜。去年在演另一个剧时，她不得不穿短袜和一件鲜艳的橘红色的衣服。一旦有人问起她有多大年纪，她总是回答：“亲爱的，长成大人真可怕啊！” 单词学习 1. appear [?'pi?] vi 1) come into view, become visible 出现，显现，呈现 appear←→disppear eg. A ship appeared on the horizon. 一艘船出现在水平线上。 eg. Something strange appeared. 奇怪的事发生了。 2) arrive, come, show up, turn up 来到 eg. I waited for 4 hours but she didn’t appear. 我等了四个小时，可她就是没来。 3) （公开，正式）露面，登场，扮演 eg. The lady appeared on the stage as a young girl. 这位女士扮演一名小姑娘。 appear on the stage 扮演 eg. He appeared on the stage when he was only 3. 他才3岁时，就登台扮演。→ His first appearance on the stage was at the age of three. eg. She is at least 50 years old. But she always appears on the stage as a young girl. 她至少50岁，但她总是扮演年轻的姑娘。appearance [?'pi?r?ns] n. 出现, 显露, 露面；外观, 外貌, 外表←→disappearance keep up appearance 维持体面，装门面 eg. Never judge a man by his appearance. 不要以貌取人。 to all appearances / by all appearances / from all appearances 显然，就外表来看 2. stage n. 舞台 on the stage 在舞台上 quit the stage 推出演艺界 in the international stage 在国际舞台上 scene 舞台上的场景，背景 eg. The first scene of the play is in the palace. 这部戏的第一个场景是在宫殿里。 arena [?'ri:n?] n.表演场地, 竞技场；活动或斗争的场所或场面 the political arena 政治舞台，政界竞争活动或斗争的场所、场面（喻） in the political stage / in the political scene / in the political arena 在政治舞台上 in the international stage / in the international scene / in the international arena 在国际舞台上 eg. She dreamed of appearing on the stage one day. 她梦想着有一天能在舞台上表演。 3. bright adj. 1) 明亮的←→dark bright sunshine 灿烂的阳光 bright eyes 明亮的眼睛 2) 鲜艳的，醒目的 bright blue 宝蓝色 bright green 翠绿色 3) quick at learning; clever 聪明的←→dull, stupid, foolish eg. She is the brightest child in our class. 她是我们班最聪明的孩子。 4) promising, hopeful 有前途的 收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除

裕兴新概念英语第二册笔记 第82课

Lesson 82 Monster or fish? 是妖还是鱼？ 【New words and expressions】（7） monster n. 怪物sailor n. 海员 sight v. 见到creature n. 动物，生物peculiar adj. 奇怪的，不寻常的 shining adj. 闪闪发光的oarfish n. 桨鱼 ★ monster （1）n. 怪物 a one-eyed monster獨眼怪物 eg：A dragon is a fabulous monster . 龍是一個傳說中的怪物 （2）巨大物、（做形容詞）巨大 eg：The spaceship was a real monster . 巨大的宇宙飛船 a monster pumpkin 南瓜 monstrous adj. 畸形的, 怪異的, 巨大的 a monstrous iceberg 巨大的冰山 monstrously adv. ひどく、非常に ★ sailor （1）n. 海员、水手 eg：His father is a sailor . （2）乘船的人（與adj. 連用） a good sailor 不暈船的人←→ a bad sailor 暈船的人 sail（同音詞sale）（1）n. 帆put up a sail 揚帆 （2）n.航行、航程go for a sail 乘船去航行 eg：It’s a forty-minute sail from Dove to Calais . 從多佛到加來需45分鐘的航行 in full sail 以全速；set sail 啟航 （3）v. 揚帆、航行，（使）行使 eg：The yacht sailed around the cape . 那艘遊艇繞岬航行。 eg：He sailed his boat into the harbor . 他將船直接駛向港口。 eg：Can you sail a yacht ？你會駕駛遊艇？ sail close to the wind 幾乎犯法;冒風險 sailing n. 航海；sailing boat （英）帆船（美：sail boat）★ sight （1） v. 见到 eg：They sighted land at last . 他們終於看見陸地了 （2）n. 視力、視覺 near sighted ＝short sighted 近視 far sighted ＝long sighted 遠視 lose one’s sight 失明 （3）n. 視野 go out of sight 從視線消失、看不見了；come in sight 映入眼簾in sight 看得見，被見到；在望，在即 eg；I caught sight of his tall figure in the crowd . 在人群中我看見他高大的身影。

新概念英语第二册第17课-Always young

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新概念英语第二册笔记_第67课

Lesson 67 Volcanoes 火山 【Text 】 Haroun T azieff, the Polish scientist, has spent his lifetime studying active volcanoes and deep caves in all parts of the world. In 1948, he went to Lake Kivu in the Congo to observe a new volcano which he later named Kituro. Tazieff was able to set up his camp very close to the volcano while it was erupting violently. Though he managed to take a number of brilliant photographs, he could not stay near the volcano for very long. He noticed that a river of liquid rock was coming towards him. It threatened to surround him completely, but T azieff managed to escape just in time. He waited until the volcano became quiet and be was able to return two days later . This time, he managed to climb into the mouth of Kituro so that he could take photographs and measure temperatures. Tazieff has often risked his life in this way. He has been able to tell us more about active volcanoes than any man alive. 【课文翻译】 波兰科学家哈罗恩·塔捷耶夫花了毕生的精力来研究世界各地的活火山和深洞。1948年他去了刚果的基伍湖，对一座后来被他命名为基图罗的新火山进行观察。当火山正在猛烈地喷发时，塔捷耶夫有办法把帐篷搭在离它非常近的地方。尽管他设法拍了一些十分精彩的照片，但他却不能在火山附近停留太长的时间。他发现有一股岩浆正向他流过来，眼看就要将他团团围住，但塔捷耶夫还是设法及时逃离了。他等到火山平静下来，两天以后又返回去。这次他设法爬进了基图罗火山口，以便能拍摄照片和测试温度。塔捷耶夫经常冒这样的生命危险。他能告诉我们的有关活火山的情况比任何在世的人都要多。 New words and expressions 生词和短语 【生词讲解】 1. volcano n. 火山 (volcanoes) an active volcano 活火山 a dormant volcano 休眠火山 violently adv. 猛烈地，剧烈地 manage v. 设法 brilliant adj. 精彩的 liquid [5likwid] adj. 液态的；n. 液体 escape v. 逃脱 alive adj. 活着的

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新概念英语第一册笔记完整版 ?1）v. 原谅 ?eg. Excuse me. 请原谅，劳驾。 2）n. 借口 ?eg.It?s an excuse. ?me pron. 我（宾格:用来做宾语的。） ?eg. He loves me. 他爱我. ?eg. She cheats me. 他骗我. ?eg. Please tell me. 他告诉我. Excuse me 的用法 这个短语经常被译作―对不起‖，但它并不表示你有什么过错，而是说你要打搅别人，所以常被译作―劳驾‖。 1）为了要引起别人的注意 ?eg. Excuse me. Is this you handbag? 2）要打扰某人或要打断别人话 ?eg. Excuse me . May I ask you a question? 3) 向陌生人问路 ?eg. Excuse me. Could you please tell me the way to the railway station? 4) 向某人借东西 ?eg. Excuse me. Can I borrow your pen? 5) 需要从别人身边挤过或让别人给自己让路 ?eg. Excuse me. Could you please make some room for me? 6) 要求在宴席或会议中途中离开一会儿 eg. Excuse me. May I lease for a little while? ?sorry 用于当你做错事而向别人道歉的时候，表示―对不起‖。 1）请问几点了？ ?eg. Excuse me. What time is it? 2) 不小心把水弄到了别人的身上。 ?eg. Sorry. 或者I?m sorry! 3) 对不起，我先失陪一下 ?eg. Excuse me. 4) 误解了别人的意思?eg. Sorry. ?yes 1) adv. 是的（对一般疑问句的肯定回答） ?eg. Are you mad? --Yes, I am. 2)经常用于应答，表示―什么事‖。? eg. Excuse me? 请问/劳驾？ ---Yes? 什么事？ --我准备把它带给我的姐姐。 I‘m going to take it to my sister.

裕兴新概念英语第二册笔记打印版本

Lesson 1 A private conversation 【New words and expressions】 ★private ① adj. 私人的 private life 私生活private school 私立学校 ② adj. 普通的private citizen 普通公民 I‘m a private citizen. (citizen n. 公民) private soldier 大兵《Private Ryan》《拯救大兵瑞恩》) public adj. 公众的，公开的(private的反义词) public school 公立学校public letter 公开信 public place 公共场所privacy n.隐私 It‘s privacy. 这是我的隐私!(不愿让别人知道的) ★conversation n.谈话 have a + talk/chat/dialogue/conversation/gossip 名词变动词conversation 一般用于正式文体中, 内容上往往不正式subject of conversation 话题 They are having a conversation. talk 内容可正式可不正式, 也可以私人 Let‘s have a talk. dialogue 对话, 可以指正式国家与国家会谈 China and Korea are having a dialogue. chat 闲聊，就是北京人说的―侃‖，无关紧要的事。 gossip 嚼舌头, 说长道短 ★theatre n.剧场, 戏剧cinema n.电影院 ★seat n.座位 have a good seat/place，这里的seat指place(指地点)，而不是chair. take a seat/take your seat 坐下来, 就坐 Is the seat taken? 这个位置有人吗? 请坐的3种说法: Sit down, please. (命令性) Take your seat, please. Be seated, please. (更礼貌) 作为动词的seat与sit的区别 sit(sat，)vi. 就座He is sitting there.他坐在那儿。 seat vt.让某人就座Seat yourself. seat sb. 让某人就坐，后面会加人 You seat him.你给他找个位置. When all those present(到场者)_D_ he began his lecture.A. sit B. set C. seated D. were seated sit down 坐下；be seated=take a seat 就坐 ★angry adj. 生气的 ★angrily adv. 生气的angry =cross I was angry. /He was cross. annoyed: 恼火的; be blue in the face 脸上突然变色 程I was annoyed. 度I was angry/cross. 加I was very angry. 深I am blue in the face. (脸色都青了,相当生气) ★attention n. 注意 Attention ,please. 请注意(口语) pay attention 注意pay attentio n to … 对……注意 You must pay attention to that girl. pay a little attention 稍加注意pay much attention 多加注意pay more attention 更多注意pay no attention 不用注意pay close attention 特别注意 ★bear(bore, born) v. 容忍 ① vt. 承受，支撑，承担，负担 Can the ice bear my weight? Who will bear the cost? 谁来承担这笔费用？ ② vt. 忍受(与can/could连用于疑问及否定句中) She eats too fast. I can‘t bear to watch/watching her. How can you bear living in this place?

新概念英语第二册包含课文及完整课后练习

Lesson 3 Please send me a card 请给我寄一张明信片 First listen and then answer the question.听录音，然后回答以下问题。 How many cards did the writer send? Postcards always spoil my holidays. Last summer, I went to Italy. I visited museums and sat in public gardens. A friendly waiter taught me a few words of Italian. Then he lent me a book. I read a few lines, but I did not understand a word. Everyday I thought about postcards. My holidays passed quickly, but I did not send cards to my friends. On the last day I made a big decision. I got up early and bought thirty-seven cards. I spent the whole day in my room, but I did not write a single card! New words and expressions 生词和短语 send v. 寄，送friendly adj. 友好的 postcard n. 明信片waiter n. 服务员，招待员 spoil v. 使索然无味，损坏lend v. 借给 museum n. 博物馆decision n. 决定 public adj. 公共的single adj. 唯一的，单一的 whole adj. 整个的 Note on the text 课文注释 1 a few words,几句话。 2 lent me a book中，lent是“借出”的意思。我们常说lend sb. sth 或lend sth to sb.。borrow 是“借入”的意思，常用的结构是borrow sth.或borrow sth. from sb. 参考译文 明信片总搅得我假日不得安宁。去年夏天，我去了意大利。我参观了博物馆，还去了公园。一位好客的服务员教了我几句意大利语，之后还借给我一本书。我读了几行，但一个字也不懂。我每天都想着明信片的事。假期过得真快，可我还没有给我的朋友们寄过一张明信片。到了最后一天，我作出了一项重大决定。我早早起了床，买来了37张明信片。我在房间里关了整整一天。然而竟连一张明信片也没写成！ Summary writing 摘要写作 Answer these questions in not more than 50 words. 回答下列问题，将答案组成一个段落，不要超过50个单词。 1Do postcards always spoil the writer’s holiday or not? 2Where did he spend his holidays last summer? 3What did he think about every day? 4Did he send any cards to his friends or not? 5What is the writer’s big decision? 6Where did he stay all day? 7Did he write any cards or not? Key structures 关键句型 What happened? 一般过去时 Read this short conversation. Pay close attention to the verbs in italics. Each of these verbs tells us what happened. 读一读下面的这段对话，要特别注意用斜体印出的动词，每个动词都告诉我们发生了什么事。

新概念英语第二册笔记第72课

Lesson 72 A Famous Clock 一个著名的大钟 【Text】 The great racing driver, Sir Malcolm Campbell, was the first man to drive at over 300 miles per hour. He set up a new world record in September 1935 at Bonneville Salt Flats, Utah. Bluebird, the car he was driving, had been specially built for him. It was over 30 feet in length and had a 2,500-horsepower engine. Although Campbell reached a speed of over 304 miles per hour, he had great difficulty in controlling the car because a tyre burst during the first run. After his attempt, Campbell was disappointed to learn that his average speed had been 299 miles per hour. However, a few days later, he was told that a mistake had been made. His average speed had been 301 miles per hour. Since that time, racing drivers have reached speeds over 600 miles an hour. Following in his father's footsteps many years later, Sir Malcolm's son, Donald, also set up a world record. Like his father, he was driving a car called Bluebird. 【课文翻译】 杰出的赛车选手马尔科姆.坎贝尔爵士是第一个以每小时超过300英里的速度驾车的人。他于1935年9月在犹他州的邦纳维尔盐滩创造了一项新的世界纪录。他驾驶的“蓝鸟”牌汽车是专门为他制造的。它的车身长30英尺，有一个2,500 马力的发动机。尽管坎贝尔达到了每小时超过304英里的速度，但他很难把汽车控制住，因为在开始的行程中爆了一只轮胎。比赛结束后，坎贝尔非常失望地得知他的平均时速是299英里。然而，几天之后，有人告诉他说弄错了。他的平均时速实际是301英里。从那时以来，赛车选手已达到每小时600英里的速度。很多年之后，马尔科姆爵士的儿子唐纳德踏着父亲的足迹，也创造了一项世界纪录。同他父亲一样，他也驾驶着一辆名叫“蓝鸟”的汽车。 New words and expressions 生词和短语 【生词讲解】 1.racing 竞赛 race 1) n 速度竞赛[c] a horse-race 赛马比赛 a boat-race 赛船比赛 a car race 赛车比赛