高英第四课总结

第四课

Paraphrase

1.Pianos and models, Paris, Vienna and Berlin, masters and mistresses, are not needed by a

writer. (Paragraph 1)

If you want to be a musician or a painter, you must own a piano or hire models, and you have to visit or even live in cultural centers like Paris, Vienna and Berlin. And also you have to be taught by masters and mistresses. However, if you want to be a writer, you don’t need all this.

2.No demand was made upon the family purse. (Paragraph 1)

Paraphrase: there was no need for a writer to spend much of the family money in order to write.

3.It was she who used to come between me and paper when I was writing reviews. (Paragraph

3)

Paraphrase: She used to cause arguments or problems between me and what I was writing.

4.She was so constituted that she never had a mind or a wish of her own, but preferred to

sympathize always with the minds and wishes of others. (Paragraph 3) (P56) Paraphrase: She was made up, formed or designed in such a way that she never had an opinion or a wish of her own, but preferred to think and act in harmony with other people’s minds and wishes.

5. Above all----I need not say it ---she was pure. (Paragraph 3) P56

Of all the qualities, purity was the most important one.

6. In those days---the last of Queen Victoria---every house had its Angel. (Paragraph 3) P56 Paraphrase: On the first level, in the days of Queen Victoria, every house had a woman like that, who was sympathetic, charming and unselfish. On a deeper level, in the last period of the reign of Queen Victoria, the belief that every woman should be sympathetic, charming, unselfish, and above all, pure was prevalent in English society.

7. Be sympathetic; be tender; flatter; deceive; use all the arts and wiles of our sex. (Paragraph 3) P56

Paraphrase: Understand the mind of men and not to disagree with them; don’t be too harsh in your criticism; praise the book in an insincere way in order to please the reader, don’t write what you really thought or tell lies instead of telling the truth; use the sly, cunning tricks of our sex.

Rhetorical devices

1. It is true I am a woman, it is true I am employed; but what professional experiences have I had? It is difficult to say. (Paragraph 1)(Rhetorical question)

2. What could be easier than to write articles and to buy Persian cats with the profits? But wait a moment. (Paragraph 3)(Rhetorical question)

3 But to show you how little I deserve to be called a professional woman, how little I know of the struggles and difficulties of such lives , I have to admit that instead of spending that sum upon bread and butter, rent ,shoes and stockings, or butcher’s bills, I went out and bought a cat….. (Paragraph 2)

其中：bread and butter: this set phrase means food and the most important and basic things. (synecdoche提喻)

butcher’s bills: butcher’s bills stand for meat bought from a butcher. This is metonymy(转喻).

4 .No demand was made upon the family. (Paragraph 1)

Purse: (metonymy转喻) stand for money, financial conditions, e.g. the family purse家庭财政5. ―Killing the Angel in the House‖ (Paragraph 3) is a metaphor. (暗喻)

6. It was she who used to come between me and paper when I was writing reviews. (Paragraph 3) (metonymy) my paper －－my writing

翻译句子

1.It was she who used to come between me and paper when I was writing reviews. (Paragraph 3) 就是她，在我写评论时，总是在我和我的写作之间制造麻烦。

2. Wring was a reputable and harmless occupation. (Paragraph 1)

写作这个职业既受人尊敬又没有危险。

3. The family peace was not broken by the scratching of a pen. No demand was made upon the family purse. (Paragraph 1)

写字的沙沙声不会打破家庭的和平，写作也不需要什么家庭开销。4. She was so constituted that she never had a mind or a wish of her own, but preferred to sympathize always with the minds and wishes of others. (Paragraph 3) (P56)

她就是这样一个人，没有自己的想法和期望，总是准备为他人的想法和期望作出牺牲。5. The shadow of her wings fell on my page; I heard the rustling of her skirts in the room. (Paragraph 3) (P56)

她那翅膀的影子映在纸上，在屋子里我能听到她的裙子沙沙作响。

Words and expressions

(Paragraph 1)

1. with the exception of the stage: the stage with “the”the word means the theater, drama, or acting as a profession. 不包括戏剧行业

2. be peculiar to: be particular to

3.the road was cut:路已经开辟出来

4.regulating my steps: guiding me as I move forward指导我向前走

8. making the path smooth: paving the way (for) 铺平了道路

9. reputable: in a good repute; having a good reputation; well-thought-of; respectable 受人尊敬的

10. scratching of a pen: the sound made by an old-fashioned ink pen when it moves on paper 写字的沙沙声

11.Masters and mistresses: teachers or tutors; professional practitioners of music or painting; great artists.教师

(Paragraph 2)

12 to figure: to represent mentally, to imagine

13.to slip a few of those pages into an envelope…slip: 塞

(Paragraph 3)

14 Do battle with: to argue with someone or fight against someone

15.Phantom: 1) literary meaning: Something that seems to appear to the sight but has no physical existence; a ghost or a specter. 幻影；鬼怪, 幽灵. 2) figurative meaning: an apparition, a vision, sth. Feared or dreaded, sth that exists only in the mind; an illusion, any mental image 幻想,

16. Heroine: the central female character in a novel, play, etc. with whom the reader or audience is supposed to sympathize 女主人公

17.torment：to cause severe suffering to sb.使备受折磨和痛苦

18. She was immensely charming. immensely :very 很，非常

19 .She excelled in the difficult arts of family life…sacrificed herself daily。Excel: to do sth. Very

well 擅长..

20 she was utterly unselfish. Utterly:完全地，彻底地

21. draught：通风口

22. Constitute: educate, bring up

23.rustling:沙沙声

24.directly:as soon as 立即，马上

25.wile: cunning tricks 欺骗，奸计

1)words and phrases:

unchecked: 未受抑制的，未受制止的

cranny：裂缝，裂隙

to submerge: （使）潜入水中，浸没；完全遮盖，遮掩

to slumber: 睡眠

trance: 恍惚状态

to impede:妨碍，阻碍，延缓

to slay: 杀害，残杀，谋杀

nominally: 名义上地

loom: 隐现，降临，显得主要或令人生畏

perpetually: 永久地，不断地

hitherto: 至今，迄今

to speak without figure: 不用修辞手段直截了当地说

to do battle with: 与某人争论或斗争

upon what terms: 以什么为条件，在什么样的条件下

2）sentences:

①she was letting her imagination sweep unchecked。。。our unconscious being(paragraph 5) She was letting her imagination explore freely every corner of her inner world that lies hidden in the deepest parts of our unconscious existence.

她在让想象力自由自在地在位于无意识的最深层的世界的各个角落畅游。

②To speak without figure---men would be shocked: (paragraph5)

Her imagination was exploring freely until she thought of sth. sth. about the body, sth. about the passions. But she realized that it was improper for her as a woman to tell the truth about the body and about the passions because men would be shocked.不用修辞手段直截了当的说，她想到了一件事情，一件不适合女人讲的有关身体和激情的事情。她的理智告诉她，男人会感到震惊的。

③The consciousness of what men will say of a woman--- her artist’s state of unconsciousness: .(paragraph 5)

She realized that men did not approve of a woman daring to tell the truth about the body and her passions. They would surely say bad things about such a woman. This realization interrupted her imagination and roused her from the state of unconsciousness, in which an artist desired to be

她意识到男人们会如何议论一个敢于讲有关激情真话的女人，这使她从艺术家的无意识状态中惊醒了

④They are impeded by the extreme conventionality of the other sex(paragraph 5)

The progress of women writers was hindered by men’s extremely conventional thoughts and behaviors

男性极端的因循守旧阻碍着她们。。

⑤For though men sensibly allow themselves great freedom in these respects---such freedom

in women: (paragraph 5)

It was a sensible thing for men to give themselves great freedom to talk about the body and their passions. But if women want to have the same freedom, men condemn such freedom in women. And I do not believe that they realize how severely they condemn such freedom in women, nor do I believe that they can control their extremely severe condemnation of such freedom in women.

尽管男人们理智上在这些方面给自己极大地自由，我认为他们未必会认识或控制他们谴责女人这种自由时的猛烈程度。

⑥Indeed it will be a long time still --- a rock to be dashed against: (paragraph 6)

It will take a long time for women to rid themselves of false values and attitudes and to overcome the obstacle to telling the truth about their body and passions

当然，我认为，女人不用杀死鬼怪，不用击碎岩石就能够坐下来专心写书还需要很长时间。

⑦Even when the path is nominally open--- looming in her way: (paragraph 7)

Even when the path is open to women in name only, when outwardly there is nothing to prevent a woman from being a doctor, a lawyer, a civil servant, inwardly there are still false ideas and obstacles impeding a woman’s progress.

即使道路名义上是宽阔的——没有任何事情可以阻碍妇女成为医生﹑律师和公务员，但我相信前面仍有许多鬼怪和障碍若隐若现。

⑧You have own rooms of your own in the house hitherto exclusively owned by men. (paragraph

7)

Through fighting against the Angel in the House, through great labor and effort, some women have gained a position or certain freedom in a society which has been up to now dominated by men.

在这个迄今为止专门由男人控制的房子里，你们已经赢得了自己的房间。

⑨You are able, though not without great labor and effort, to pay the rent. (paragraph 7)

You are able to pay the rent, though you have to do this through great labor and effort.

尽管不可能不付出很大的劳动和努力，你们能够自己付房租了。

3) Rhetoric

Ⅰ―killing the Angel in the House‖ (paragraph 6) metaphor

The Angel: a stereotyped Victorian woman who was sympathetic, charming, unselfish, or rather, the traditional role of a Victorian woman and the traditional values about such a stereotype Killing the Angel: getting rid of the Victorian attitudes completely

Ⅱ― a phantom to be slain, a rock to be dashed against‖ (paragraph 6) metaphor

ⅰto get rid of false values and attitudes towards women.

ⅱto overcome the obstacle to telling the truth about their body and passions

Ⅲ―You have won rooms of your own in the house hitherto exclusively owned by men‖(paragraph 7)

―a room of one’s own‖ is a metaphor. A room is a space not only space for living, but also space for creative activity. Here a room is compared to freedom, while the house is compared to the whole society. The implied meaning of this sentence is that through fighting against the Angel in the House, through great labor and effort, some women have gained a position or certain freedom in a society which have been dominated by men up to now.

ⅣBut this freedom is only a beginning; the room is your own---it has to be shared: (paragraph 7)here Woolf is continuing with her metaphor of a room of one’s own. She is saying that when women are able to pay the rent or earn 500 pounds a year, they have won financial independence

to a certain extent. She thinks that this freedom is only a beginning, and that women still have a long way to go. For when the old ideas, attitudes and values have been done away with, a void (empty or open space) is left. And that void has to be filled with new ideas, attitudes and values.

She made as if to guide my pen.

她就这样引导我的写作。

Paraphrase: she moved in a way that made it seem that she was going to guide my writing.

To make as if to do sth.: to move in a way that makes it seem that you are going to do sth.

2. I now record the act the one act for which I take some credit to myself, though the credit rightly belongs to some excellent ancestors of mine who left me a certain sum of money—shall we say five hundred pounds a year?— so that it was not necessary for me to depend solely on charm for my living.

下面我要说说多少是我自己决定做的一件事情，当然此事的功劳主要还应归功于我的了不起的祖先，是他们给我留下了一笔财产，这样我就不必完全靠女人的魅力去谋生了。（这一点是老师课上的翻译，没有paraphrase）

3. I turned upon her and caught her by the throat.

我对她发起进攻，扼住她的喉咙。

Paraphrase: I attacked her violently and caught her by the throat.

4. My excuse, if I were to be had up in court of law, would be that I acted in self-defence.

要是因此被带上法庭的话，我的辩护词就是我是自卫。

Have sb. up:(usu. Used in passive voice) cause sb. to be accused of a crime, etc. in a law court.押送（到法庭）；对某人起诉

Act in self-defense: If I didn’t kill her, she would kill me; th is is a life –and –death struggle

5. Had I not killed her she would have killed me. She would have plucked the heart of my writing。

如果我不杀死她，她就会杀死我，她会拔掉我进行写作的心。

Paraphrase: if I hadn’t got rid of the Victorian attitudes completely these traditional ideas would have destroyed me. Those conventional attitudes would have taken the most important part of my writing, that is, the essence of the writing, Pluck: 拔掉

6. For, as I found directly I put pen to paper, you cannot review even novel without having a mind of your own,……morality, sex.

因为我发现在写作时，要是没有自己的见解，不能真实表达人与人之间的关系，道德和行的话，你一本小说的评论都写不出来。

Paraphrase: for as soon as I began writing, one must have an ability of independent thinking and have the courage to express what one thinks to be the truth about human relations, morality and sex. Or else, you can review anything.

Directly: as soon as 一……就

7. All these questions, according to the angel in the house, cannot be dealt with……if they are to succeed。

依照“家里的天使”，所有这些问题，女性都不能公开和自由地讨论。她们必须使用魅力，必须做出让步，更直接地说，她们要想成功的话必须说假话

Paraphrase: according to the Victorian attitudes, women are not supposed to discuss and explore these questions freely and openly. They must use their charm to gain recognition from men, they

must make concessions in their arguments, and they must tell lies in order to succeed in the profession of writing.

Conciliate: 和解，调解

Bluntly: 直率地

8. Thus, whenever I felt the shadow of her wings or the radiance of her halo upon my page, I took up the inkpot and flung it at her.

因此，无论何时在纸上感到有她的翅膀或光晕的影子，我就会拿起墨水瓶，向她砸去。Paraphrase: Thus, whenever I felt the influence of the Victorian attitudes on my writing, I fought back with all my power

Radiance: （发）光、热

Halo: 光环，光轮

9. She died hard.

Paraphrase: she did not die easily

10. Her fictitious nature was of great assistance to her. It is far harder to kill a phantom than a reality

她那非真实的特想对她是极大的帮助，杀死鬼怪要比杀死真实的人艰难多了。Paraphrase: it is more difficult to kill a phantom (for it is invisible) than to kill a reality (for it is visible)

11. She was always creeping back when I thought I had dispatched her

当我认为我已经杀死她时，她就会悄悄的溜回来。

Paraphrase: It is hard to overcome those prejudices once and for all.

Dispatch:驱逐，发送

12. Though I flatter myself that I killed her in the end--- in search of adventures.

尽管我自己确信我最终杀死了她，但搏斗的很激烈，消耗的时间比学希腊语语法或周游世界医药冒险的经历的时间都长。

Paraphrase: although I made myself believe that I killed her in the end, the struggle was severe and it took so much more time than had been expected that one would rather spend all that time on learning Greek grammar or traveling in the world in search of adventure.

Flatter myself: If you flatter yourself that sth. is true about your abilities or achievements you made yourself believe it is true, although it is not

Roam: 漫游

13. But it was a real experience---Killing the Angel in the House was part of the occupation of a woman writer.

这是个真实的体验，这种经历在那时会降临到所有女作家的头上。杀死“家里的天使”时女作家职业中的一部分。

Killing the Angel in the House: metaphor refers to the Victorian attitudes about the traditional role of women.

14. In other words, now that she had rid herself of falsehood

换句话说，既然已经摆脱掉说接话的错误观念。

Paraphrase: in other words, now that she had rid herself of the wrong idea.

15: I mean, what is a woman?

我的意思是什么是妇女

Paraphrase: I mean, what is the identity of a woman?

16: I don’t believe that anybody can know until---open to human skill

我相信，只有妇女在人类知识所涉及的全部文学艺术和专业领域中用创造形式表达自己的情感后，她们才能知道什么是妇女。

Paraphrase: I believe that to know what is a woman, we women have to participate in all the arts and professions open to human knowledge and understanding and to give expressions to our feelings in creative forms.

17. That indeed is one of the reasons why I have come here—out of respect for you,

out of: because of 出于

18. I bought a Persian cat with the proceeds.

我用那笔钱买了一只波斯猫

Proceeds: here it means money or profit derived from a sale, business, ect.钱，利润

19. It is a still stranger thing that there is nothing so delightful in the world as telling stories. Paraphrase: it is even a stranger thing that there is nothing in the world so pleasant as telling stories (writing novel)

20. I hope I am not giving away professional secrets--- to be as unconscious as possible.

如果我说小说家的主要愿望是尽量出于无意识状态，我希望我没有泄露行业秘密。

21. He has to induce in himself a state of perpetual lethargy.

Paraphrase: He has to cause in himself a particular condition in which he will remain abnormally drowsy and sluggish for a long time

Induce: 诱使，促使

Perpetual：持久的，长久的，不断的

Lethargy: 困倦，懒散，无精打采

22 He wants life to proceed with quiet and regularity. He wants to see the same faces, to read the same books, to do the same thing day after day, month after month, while he is writing, so that nothing may break the illusion in which he is living—so that nothing may disturb of disquiet the mysterious nosings about, feelings round, darts, dashes and sudden discoveries of that very shy and illusive spirit, the imagination.

他希望在他写作时，他每天所的人，读的书，做的事都是相同的，这样任何事物都不会打破他生活的幻想，也不会搅乱他的四处探求以及对那令人难以琢磨的东西――想象力的突然发现.

the illusion in which he is living: the psychic(精神) life

nosings about=feelings round. To nose: to look closely and inquisitively

darts=dashes a sudden quick movement in a particular direction.

The author uses the words ―nosing‖, ―feelings around‖, ―darts‖, ―dashes‖ metaphorically, indicating that a modernist novelist has to search new and experimental ways of expressing himself and to discover his imagination, which is a shy and illusive spirit. Darts and dashes: alliteration

23. Be that as it may, I want you to imagine me writing a novel in a state of trance. Paraphrase: despite the fact that it may be so, I want you imaging that I write in trance.

尽管如此，我请你想象我在迷睡的状态中写小说

Trance:恍惚，出神

24. The image that comes to my mind--with a rod held out over the water.

当我想到这女孩时，脑海里出现一个形象，一个深深的湖边有一个钓鱼者，他手握鱼竿，沉浸在梦中。

Here the author uses a fisherman as a metaphor to describe her professional experience

高英第2课课文

Marrakech George Orwell As the corpse went past the flies left the resta urant table in a cloud and rushed after it, but t hey came back a few minutes later. The little crowd of mourners -- all men and boy s, no women--threaded their way across the market p lace between the piles of pomegranates and the taxi s and the camels, walling a short chant over an d over again. What really appeals to the flies i s that the corpses here are never put into coffin s, they are merely wrapped in a piece of rag an d carried on a rough wooden bier on the shoulder s of four friends. When the friends get to the bu rying-ground they hack an oblong hole a foot or tw o deep, dump the body in it and fling over i t a little of the dried-up, lumpy earth, which i s like broken brick. No gravestone, no name, no id entifying mark of any kind. The burying-ground is m erely a huge waste of hummocky earth, like a derel

高级英语第四课全文翻译

震撼世界的审判 约翰?司科普斯 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 在一九二五年七月的那个酷热日子里，当我在挤得水泄不通的法庭里就位时，人群中响起一阵嘁嘁喳喳的议论声。我的辩护人是著名刑事辩护律师克拉伦斯?达罗。担任主控官的则是能说会道的演说家威廉?詹宁斯?布莱恩，他曾三次被民主党提名为美国总统候选人，而且还是导致我这次受审的基督教原教旨主义运动的领导人。 几个星期之前，我还只是田纳西州山区小镇戴顿的一名默默无闻的中学教员，而现在我却成了一次举世瞩目的庭审活动的当事人。在法庭就座为我作证的有以哈佛大学的科特里?马瑟教授为首的十几位有名望的教授和科学家。到场的还有一百多名新闻记者，甚至还有一些广播电台的播音员，他们也要破天荒地播放一次庭审实况。就在我们静候着法庭开审的当儿，达罗关切地搂住我的肩膀低声安慰道：“别担心，孩子，我们会给他们点厉害瞧瞧。” 我刚到戴顿中学任自然科学教员兼足球教练不久，这件案子就突然降临到我的头上。若干年来，原教旨主义者和现代主义者之间就一直在酝酿着一场冲突。原教旨主义者坚持严格按照字面意义去理解《旧约全书》，而现代主义者则接受查尔斯?达尔文的进化论——认为一切动物，包括猿和人，都是由同一个祖先进化而来的。 在田纳西州，原教旨主义势力很强，州立法机构最近还通过了一项法令，禁止公开讲授“任何否定《圣经》上宣讲的创世说的理论。”这项新法规的矛头直接指向了达尔文的进化论。有位名叫乔治?拉普利亚的工程师因反对这项法规常和当地人进行辩论。有一次辩论中，拉普利亚说，任何人要讲授生物学，就不能不讲进化论。因为我就是讲授生物学的，所以他们便把我叫去作证。 “拉普利亚是对的，”我对他们说。 “那么说，你在触犯法律，”他们中的一位说。 “所有其他的教师也都在触犯法律，”我回答说。“亨特所著的《生物学基础》中就讲到了进化论，那是我们使用的教科书。” 于是拉普利亚提出一个建议。“让我们将此事交付法庭判决，”他说，“以检验其是否合法。” 当我于五月七日被正式起诉时，谁也不曾料到，我本人更没有料到我的这件案子竟会越闹越大，以至成为美国历史上最著名的庭审案例之一。美国公民自由联合会宣布：如有必要，联合会将把我的案子提交美国最高法院审理，“以确保教师不至于因讲授真理而被送进监狱。”接着，布莱恩自告奋勇地要协助州政府方面对我进行起诉。著名律师克拉伦斯?达罗也立即主动提出要替我辩护。具有讽刺意味的是，在这次审判之前我并不认识达罗，但我却见过布莱恩，那是我念大学的时候，他来校作过演讲。我很钦佩他，尽管我并不赞同他的观点。 到七月十日庭审开始的时候，我们这个拥有一千五百人口的小镇上呈现出一派看马戏似的热闹气氛。大街两旁的建筑物上都挂起了彩旗。在法院的三层红砖房子周围的街道上突然冒出了许多摇摇晃晃的摊贩货架，出售的是热狗、宗教书籍和西瓜。福音传教士们也在街上搭起帐篷向行人传教布道。附近一带的山区居民，其中多半是原教旨主义者，也纷纷赶到镇上来为布莱恩呐喊助威，打击那些“外来的异教徒”。他们当中就有具体起草了那条反进化论法令的约翰?

高级英语2第二课译文讲课稿

第二课 参考译文 马拉喀什随笔 乔治·奥威尔 1. 一具尸体抬过，成群的苍蝇从饭馆的餐桌上一哄而起，追逐而上，几分钟后又嗡嗡地飞了回来。 2. 一支人数不多的送葬队伍——无论成人或孩子全是男性，没有女性——沿着集贸市场，迂回穿行于一堆堆石榴摊子、出租车和骆驼之间，一边走着一边反复地哀号着一曲短促的悲歌。真正吸引苍蝇成群追逐的是：这里的尸体从来都不装进棺木，只是用一块破布裹着，放在一个粗糙的木制陈尸架上，由死者的四位朋友抬着送葬。抵达安葬地后，先在地上挖出一个一两英尺深的长方形坑，随即将尸体往坑里一倒，再扔上一些像碎砖头一样的干土块。既没有墓碑，也没有留名，更没有任何身份标识。安葬地不过是一片巨大的土丘林立的荒原，恰似一块废弃的建筑工地。一两个月之后，谁也说不准自己的亲人究竟葬在何处。 3. 当你徒步经过这样的城镇——20万当地居民当中，至少有两万人除了一身聊以蔽体的破衣烂裳外，一无所有——当你看到那些人何以生存，又何以轻易地死去时，你永远难以相信自己是在人类当中穿行。事实上，这是所有殖民帝国赖以建立的基础。这里的人都有一张褐色的脸——而且，他们人数众多！他们果真和你一样同属人类吗？他们也有名有姓吗？或许他们只是像一群群彼此之间难以区分的蜜蜂或珊瑚虫一样的东西。他们生于土地，受苦受累，忍饥挨饿地过上几年，然后就被埋到无名的小坟丘下。没有人会注意到他们的离去，甚至那些小坟丘本身也会很快地夷为平地。有时，当你外出散步，穿过仙人掌丛时，你会感觉到脚下特别的凸凹不平，只有那起伏凹凸的固定形状使你意识到脚下踩的正是死人的骷髅。 4. 我正在公园里给一只瞪羚喂食。 5. 瞪羚几乎是唯一一种在存活时看上去能让人食欲大开的动物。实际上，人们光看到它的两条后腿就会联想到薄荷酱。我正在喂着的这只瞪羚似乎已看出了我的心思，尽管它在吃我手上递出去的面包，但显然对我并没什么好感。它迅速地咬了一小口面包，然后低下头，试图用脑袋顶我，然后又咬一口面包，又顶了一次。它大概以为：如果把我赶走，面包仍能悬在半空当中。 6. 一个正在附近小道上干活的阿拉伯民工放下笨重的锄头，羞怯地侧着身子慢慢向我们走过来。他诧异地看看瞪羚，又看看面包，看看面包，又看看瞪羚，好像他从未见过这样的情景。最终，他怯生生地用法语说：“我能吃点那面包就好了。” 7. 我撕下一块面包给他，他充满感激地把它藏到破衣裳贴身的地方。这个人是市政当局的一名雇工。 8. 当你经过犹太人居住区时，你就会了解中世纪的犹大人区大概是什么样子。在摩尔人的统治下，犹太人只可以在几个规定的区域内拥有土地，而且经过几个世纪的如此待遇之后，犹太人已经不再为拥挤不堪烦扰了。这儿的许多街道远不足6英尺宽；房屋完全没有窗户；眼睛红肿的孩子成群结队，四处可见，多得像一群群的苍蝇，令入难以置信。沿着街心常常尿流成河。 9. 在集市里，一大家子的犹大人都身着黑色长袍，头戴黑色瓜皮帽，在看起来像洞穴一般暗淡、苍蝇麋集的货摊里干活。一个木工双腿交叉坐在一架最原始的车床旁，正以飞快的速度旋制着椅子腿。他右手握弓开动车床，左脚引动旋刀。由于一辈子都保持这样的坐姿，他的左腿已经弯曲变形。旁边坐着他年仅六岁的小孙子，竟已开始帮着做些简单的活计了。

高级英语 第四单元

The Domestication of Animals 动物的驯化 The domestication of wild species led directly to denser human populations by yielding more food than the hunter-gatherer lifestyle could provide. In societies that possessed domestic animals, livestock helped to feed more people by providing meat, milk and fertilizer, and by pulling plows. Large domestic animals became the societies’ main source of animal protein, replacing wild game, and they also furnished wool, leather, and land transport. Humans have domesticated only a few species of large animals, with “large” defined as those weighing over 100 pounds (45 kilograms). Fourteen such species were domesticated before the twentieth century, all of them terrestrial mammals and herbivores. The five most import of these are sheep, goats, pigs, horses, and cattle or oxen. 野生物种的驯化直接导致了人类种群密度的增加，比狩猎采集者的生活方式提供了更多的食物。在拥有家畜的社会里，牲畜通过提供肉类、牛奶和化肥，以及拉犁来养活更多的人。大型家畜成为了社会动物蛋白的主要来源，取代了野生动物，他们还提供羊毛、皮革和陆地运输。人类只驯养了一些大型动物，其中“大”被定义为体重超过100磅(45公斤)的大型动物。在二十世纪之前驯养了十四种这样的动物，它们都是陆地哺乳动物和食草动物。其中最重要的五个是绵羊、山羊、猪、马、牛或牛。 Small animals such as ducks, geese, rabbits, dogs, cats, mink, bees, and silkworms have also been domesticated. Many of these small animals provided food, clothing, or warmth. However, none of them pulled plows or wagons, none carried riders, and none except dogs pulled sleds. Furthermore, no small domestic animals have been as important for food as have large domestic animals. 鸭子、鹅、兔子、狗、猫、鼬、蜜蜂和蚕等小型动物也被驯养。许多小动物提供食物、衣服或温暖。然而，没有一个人拉犁或马车，没有一个人带着骑手，只有狗拉雪橇。此外，与大型家畜一样，小型家畜对食物的重要性也不高。 Early herding societies quickly domesticated all large mammal species that were suitable for domestication. There is archaeological evidence that these species were domesticated between 10,000 and 4,500 years ago, within the first few thousand years of the origins of farming-herding societies after the last Ice Age. The continent of Eurasia has been the primary site of large mammal domestication. Having the most species of wild mammals to begin with, and losing the fewest to extinction in the last 40,000 years, Eurasia has generated the most candidates for domestication. 早期的放牧社会很快驯养了所有适合驯养的大型哺乳动物。有考古证据表明，这些物种是在1万到4500年前被驯化的，这是在上一个冰河时代之后的农牧社会起源的最初几千年里。欧亚大陆是大型哺乳动物驯化的主要场所。在过去的4万年里，欧亚大陆拥有最多的野生哺乳动物，并在灭绝的过程中失去了最少的数量，因此成为了最适合驯化的物种。 Domestication involves transforming wild animals into something more useful to humans. Truly domesticated animals differ in many ways from their wild ancestors. These differences result from two processes: human selection of individual animals that are more useful to humans than other individuals of the same species, and evolutionary responses of animals to the forces of natural selection operating in human environments rather than in wild environments. 驯化包括将野生动物转化为对人类更有用的东西。真正的驯养动物在许多方面与它们的祖先不同。这些差异是由两个过程产生的:个体动物的人类选择比其他个体对人类更有用，动物对自然选择的力量的进化反应在人类环境中而不是在野生环境中。

高英二第四课

Lesson 4 Love Is a Fallacy by Max Shulmas Teaching Points Ⅰ. Background Knowledge Ⅱ. Introduction to the Passage Ⅲ. Text analysis Ⅳ. Rhetorical Devices Ⅴ. Questions Teaching Process Warming up Question 1:What is love? Question 2: What is logic? Question 3: Love is blind? Question 4: Love is reason? Introduction to the Passage 1. Type of literature: a piece of narrative writing --protagonist/antagonists --climax --denouement 2. The main theme 3. Well chosen title and words 4. Style --a very fast pace with a racy dialogue full of American colloquialism and slang --employing a variety of writing techniques to make the story vivid, dramatic and colorful Text Analysis Vocabulary 1. Pay attention to words and expressions in the following aspects respectively: Spelling and Pronunciation Synonyms Opposites Similar words and expressions Settled or habitual usage 2. Word building knowledge Effective Writing Skills 1. Employing colorful lexical spectrum, from the ultra learned terms to the infra clipped vulgar forms 2. Too much figurative language and ungrammatical inversion for specific purposes 3. The using of short sentences, elliptical sentences and dashes to maintain the speed of narration Rhetorical Devices

大学高级英语第一册张汉熙版第四课原文加翻译everydayuseforyour

I will wait for her in the yard that Maggie and I made so clean and wavy yester day afternoon. A yard like this is more comfortable than most people know. It is not just a yard. It is like an extended living room. When the hard clay is swept clean as a floor and the fine sand around the edges lined with tiny, irregular grooves, anyone can come and sit and look up into the elm tree and wait for the breezes that never come inside the house. Maggie will be nervous until after her sister goes: she will stand hopelessly in corners, homely and ashamed of the burn scars down her arms and legs, eying her sister with a mixture of envy and awe. She thinks her sister has held life always in the palm of one hand, that "no" is a word the world never learned to say to her. You've no doubt seen those TV shows where the child who has "made it" is confronted, as a surprise, by her own mother and father, tottering in weakly from backstage. (A Pleasant surprise, of course: What would they do if parent and child came on the show only to curse out and insult each other) On TV mother and child embrace and smile into each other's face. Sometimes the mother and father weep, the child wraps them in her arms and leans across the table to tell how she would not have made it without their help. I have seen these programs. Sometimes I dream a dream in which Dee and I are suddenly brought together on a TV program of this sort. Out of a cark and soft-seated limousine I am ushered into a bright room filled with many people. There I meet a smiling, gray, sporty man like Johnny Carson who shakes my hand and tells me what a fine girl I have. Then we are on the stage and Dee is embracing me with tear s in her eyes. She pins on my dress a large orchid, even though she has told me once that she thinks or chides are tacky flowers. In real life I am a large, big-boned woman with rough, man-working hands. In the winter I wear flannel nightgowns to bed and overalls during the day. I can kill and clean a hog as mercilessly as a man. My fat keeps me hot in zero weather. I can work outside all day, breaking ice to get water for washing; I can eat pork liver cooked over the open tire minutes after it comes steaming from the hog. One winter

高级英语1 第二课课文翻译

第二课 广岛——日本“最有活力”的城市 (节选) 雅各?丹瓦“广岛到了!大家请下车!”当世界上最快的高速列车减速驶进广岛车站并渐渐停稳时，那位身着日本火车站站长制服的男人口中喊出的一定是这样的话。我其实并没有听懂他在说些什么，一是因为他是用日语喊的，其次，则是因为我当时心情沉重，喉咙哽噎，忧思万缕，几乎顾不上去管那日本铁路官员说些什么。踏上这块土地，呼吸着广岛的空气，对我来说这行动本身已是一个令人激动的经历，其意义远远超过我以往所进行的任何一次旅行或采访活动。难道我不就是在犯罪现场吗? 这儿的日本人看来倒没有我这样的忧伤情绪。从车站外的人行道上看去，这儿的一切似乎都与日本其他城市没什么两样。身着和服的小姑娘和上了年纪的太太与西装打扮的少年和妇女摩肩接踵；神情严肃的男人们对周围的人群似乎视而不见，只顾着相互交淡，并不停地点头弯腰，互致问候：“多么阿里伽多戈扎伊马嘶。”还有人在使用杂货铺和烟草店门前挂着的小巧的红色电话通话。 “嗨!嗨!”出租汽车司机一看见旅客，就砰地打开车门，这样打着招呼。“嗨”，或者某个发音近似“嗨”的什么词，意思是“对”或“是”。“能送我到市政厅吗?”司机对着后视镜冲我一笑，又连声“嗨!”“嗨!”出租车穿过广岛市区狭窄的街巷全速奔驰，我们的身子随着司机手中方向盘的一次次急转而前俯后仰，东倒西歪。与此同时，这

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