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非谓语动词作定语和状语

一．非谓语动词

※不定式、现在分词和过去分词作定语的区别：

【知识点拨】

1．不定式作定语

①不定式作定语常用于不定代词或被the first/next/only/last等修饰的名词和其他一些名词、代词之后。其中，不定式的一般式通常表示一个将来或经常性的动作，完成式则表示该动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。

例如：She is always the first (one) to come and the last to leave.

②如果作定语的不定式与被修饰的名词有动宾关系,在不及物动词后通常要加上适当的介词.

例如：Let's first find a room to live in / to put the things in.

We have nothing to worry about.(=There is nothing for us to worry about.)

③不定式作定语修饰一个在逻辑上是其宾语名词时,若在句子中能找到该不定式的逻辑主语, 则该不定式多用主动表被动，否则，用被动式。

例如：I have a lot of things to do today. ( I ... do ... things)

2．-ing分词作定语

①单个的-ing分词作定语一般前置,说明名词的性质、特征或用途等,-ing短语作定语一般后置；强调动作的单个-ing分词也常后置。

例如：a sleeping car ( = a car for sleeping )

a sleeping child ( = a child who is sleeping )

the boy standing there ( = the boy who is standing there )

The girl singing is my classmate.

② -ing分词作定语一般要求其动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或是在说话时该动作正在进行，否则，要用从句作定语。

例如：Do you know the boy talking ( = who is talking ) to the teacher?

Did you notice the boy sitting ( = who was sitting ) at this desk

yesterday?

3．-ed分词作定语

-ed分词作定语一般表示一个被动或已完成动作,-ing分词表示一个主动或正在进行的动作,

-ing分词的被动式则表示一个正在被进行的动作。

例如：a developed/developing country

He is a student loved by all the teachers.

The building being built will be the third Teaching Building of our school.

4．像定语从句一样，分词作定语也有非限制性的，其作用相当于一个非限制性定语从句。

例如：The students, wearing their school uniforms, marched into the playground.

The substance, discovered almost by accident,has greatly changed the world.

【知识过关】

1. The computer center,______last year, is very popular among the students. in the school.

A. open

B. opening

C. having opened

D. opened

2. Most of the artists _______ to the party were from South Africa.

A. invited

B. to invite

C. being invited

D. had been invited

3. There was a terrible noise _______ the sudden burst of light.

A. followed

B. following

C. to be followed

D. being followed

4. Do you know the boy_______ under the big tree?

A. lay

B. lain

C. laying

D. lying

5. Are you going to attend the meeting _______ tomorrow?

A. to be held

B. being held

C. will be held

D. held

※、不定式作定语

不定式作定语一般有以下四种情形：

⑴用于个体名词后，被修饰的名词作不定式的逻辑宾语,同时句子的主语也是不定式动作的执行者。这种情况下使用不定式的一般体：

[例题]

I can’t find a chair________.

A.to sit

B.for to sit on

C.to sit on

D.for sitting

I’m not sure which restaurant_______.

A.to eat at

B.eating at

C.to eat on

D.for eating

⑵用于个体名词后，被修饰的名词作不定式的逻辑宾语,但强调的是不定式动作的执行者、发生的时间或地点时，用不定式一般体的被动形式：例题FIFA has named the36referees for the2012FIFA World Cup_____by South Korea and J apan.

A.to be co-hosted

B.co-hosted

C.being co-hosted

D.co-h

题What countries do you think will be represented at the six-side peace talk______in Bei jing next month?

A.to hold

B.holding

C.being held

D.to be held

⑶用于个体名词后，和被修饰的名词作不定式的逻辑主语：

[例题]

She is the first person________the idea.

A.think of

B.thinking of

C.to think of

D.thought of

This report is urgent.We need someone______with the typing.

A.helping

B.to help

C.helped

D.to be helped

※、现在分词作定语

现在分词作定语时，要注意分词所表示动作发生的时间。大体说来，有下面两种情况：

⑴分词表示正在进行的动作，改为定语从句时要用进行时态：

[例题]

I don`t know the man________over there.

A.to stand

B.standing

C.stood

D.being stood

It seems that I once met with the man_____us.

A.served

B.being served

C.to have served

D.serving

⑵如果分词和被修饰名词呈现被动关系，而且，所指动作此刻正在发生，或者是和谓语所表示的动作同时发生，就用现在分词一般体的被动形式：

[例题]

The old man_______has been ill for months.

A.to operate on

B.operate on

C.operated

D.being operated on

The Three Gorge project______now on the middle reaches of Yangtse River is the bigge st dam of its kind.

※、过去分词作定语

过去分词作定语时，分词表示的动作不仅和所修饰的名词呈被动关系，同时，要么发生于谓语动作之前，要么没有一定的时间性：

[例题]

From the dates____on the gold coin,we decided that it was made five hundred years ag o.

A.marking

B.marked

C.to be marked

D.having been marked

[例题]

Any applicant form______properly will not be accepted by the company.

A.not filled

B.not to be filled

C.not being filled

D.not having been filled

[例题]

The amount of money_____for the seriously sick child was soon collected.

2．-ing分词和-ed分词作状语

① -ing分词和-ed分词作状语修饰谓语，多说明动作发生的背景、方式或伴随情况。如果在逻辑

上句中的主语与分词有主谓关系，用-ing分词，有动宾关系则用-ed分词。

例如：We enjoyed ourselves in the park, singing and dancing.

Built in 1900, the house is now 100 years old.

② -ing分词和-ed分词都可作原因或时间状语, 其作用相当于一个相应的状语从句。如果在逻辑上句中的主语与分词有主谓关系，用-ing分词，有动宾关系则用-ed分词。

例如:Being so poor in those days, they couldn't send the boy to school.(原因) Born in a poor family, the boy could not go to school. (原因) 3．-ing分词有时可作结果状语。

例如：Her husband died in the war, leaving her a widow with three children.

We got up very early, arriving at the hospital ahead of time.

4．-ed分词有时用作条件状语，其作用相当于一个条件状语从句。

例如：Given more time, we could have done it much better.

【知识过关】

1. She set out soon after dark _______ home an hour later.

A. arriving

B. to arrive

C. having arrived

D. and arrived

2. "Can't you read?" Mary said _______ to the notice.

A. angrily pointing

B. and point angrily

C. angrily pointed

D. and angrily pointing

3．不定式作原因状语用作原因状语的不定式一般放于句末，偶尔也见于句首。说明谓语动作或状态产生的原因：

※现在分词作状语

使用现在分词作状语时，分词动作的执行者必须是句子的主语。通常有以下三种题型：1．作伴随状语，表示分词动作同句子谓语动词所表示动作同时进行：

【例题6】

______the merry tune,Jack fixed the tire.

A.Whistling

B.To whistle

C.Whistled

D.Having been whistled

2．作原因状语。例如：【名题8】

______good,the food was sold out soon.

A.Tasting

B.Tasted

C.Being tasted

D.Having been tasted

3．作时间状语，相当于when引起的从句：

【名题10】

______the big snake,the little girl stood under the tree_____out of her life.

A.Seeing;frightened

B.Seeing;frightening

C.Seen;frightened

D.To see;frightening

如果两个动作是同时发生，多用when或while加分词这种结构,例：

⑴Be careful when crossing the street.

⑵When leaving the room,she forgot to lock the door.

※过去分词作状语

过去分词作状语，用来说明谓语动作发生的背景或情况，通常有以下几种题型：

1.作原因状语，相当于一个原因状语从句：

______in thought,he almost ran into the car in front of him.

A.Losing

B.Having lost

C.Lost

D.To lose

2.表示一个假设情况，相当于一个条件从句：

______in this way,the situation doesn’t seem so disappointing...

A.To look at

B.Looked at

C.Looking at

D.To be looked at

3 In order to protect our planet, _____

A. all kinds of pollution should be reduced

B. we should reduce all kinds of pollution

C. the environment should be protected first

D. it’s important to protect our environment

4 The foreign tourists have visited many scenic spots in Shanghai, _____ as interpreter.

A. the guide acts

B. the guide acting

C. acting

D. acted

5 While listening to pop music, _____.

A. she felt asleep

B. the light went out

C. someone knocked at the door

D. and she couldn’t help laughing

6 Having been attacked by terrorists, ______.

A. doctors came to their rescue

B. the tall building collapsed

C. an emergency measure was taken

D. warnings were given to tourists

A Many people looked at him

B So many eyes fixing on him

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聚焦动词的——ING作状语[整理]-人教版

聚焦动词-ing形式作状语动词-ing形式作状语,可以表示时间、原因、方式、伴随、条件、结果等。如: 1. While reading the book, he nodded from time to time. (时间) 2. Being ill, he didn’t go to school yesterday.(原因) 3. He came running back to tell us the news. (方式) 4. She sat at the desk reading a newspaper. (伴随) 5. Working hard, you will succeed. (条件) 6. The child fell, striking his head against the door and cutting it. (结果) 注意:①动词-ing形式作状语,其逻辑主语应与句子的主语一致。 ②动词-ing形式前可有while, when, unless, though, if等连词。 [巩固练习] 从A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. “We can’t go out in this weather,” said Bob, ______ out of the window. (NMET 2004 II) A. looking B. to look C. looked D. having looked 2. Having been attacked by terrorists, ______. (上海2004) A. doctors came to their rescue B. the tall building collapsed C. an emergency measure was taken D. warnings were given to tourists 3. Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage ______ the girl and took her away, ______ into the woods. (上海2004春) A. seizing; disappeared B. seized; disappeared C. seizing; disappearing D. seized; disappearing 4. Though ______ money, his parents managed to send him to university. (上海2002) A. lacked B. lacking of C. lacking D. lacked in 5. ______ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river. (NMET 2001) A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered 6. Finding her car stolen, ______. (上海2001) A. a policeman was asked to help B. the area was searched thoroughly C. it was looked for everywhere D. she hurried to a policeman for help 7. ______ from heart trouble for years, Professor White has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes. (上海2001春) A. Suffered B. Suffering

动词ing形式的用法

动词ing形式的用法一)Ving形式作定语分词短语作定语时，放在被修饰的名词之后；单个分词作定语时，放在被修饰的名词之前。例如： The man standing by the window is our teacher. Many frightened people rushed out of the burning building. Ving作定语主要表示动作和用途。 1. 表示动作（主动的、进行的动作）。 a waiting car = the car that is waiting a sleeping child 熟睡的孩子 The girl standing there is my sister. 站在那儿的女孩是我的姐妹。 [注意]现在分词作定语时，它表示的动作是正在进行或与谓语动词所表示的动作几乎同时发生，如果两个动作有先有后，一般不能用现在分词作定语，而要用定语从句。例如： The teacher criticized the student who had broken the window. 老师批评了打破窗户的学生。 2. 表示用途： the waiting room = the room for waiting 候车室 a working method 工作方法 He has a reading room. 他有一个书房。【比较】过去分词作定语：及物动词的过去分词表示被动，不及物动词的过去分词表示动作完成。例如： That is the book written by Lu Xun. 那是鲁迅写的书。 He is a returned student. 他是一个归国的留学生。不定式作定语：用不定式作定语，其经常所修饰的名词、代词有：

非谓语动词作状语的用法

分考点 1 不定式作状语 Point 1 做目的状语，意为“为了”，可以单独放在句首、句中或句末。 To pass the college entrance exam, we must work hard. 为了通过大学入学考试，我们必须努力学习。 Mike had to shout to make himself heard above the sound of the music. 麦克不得不大声说话，以便能在如此大的音乐下被别人听见。【特别注意】也可用in order to 或so as to 表示目的，但so as to 不能用于句首。 The bus stopped so as to pick up passengers. 公交车停下来以便搭载乘客。 He got up early in order to catch the first bus. 他早起是为了赶上第一版公交车。 Point 2 作结果状语。常表示令人意外的结果。 Only/just to do 表示意想不到的结果 Enough to do 足够做... Too...to do 太...而不能..... So/such... as to...如此...以至于.... I went to see him last night only/ just to find him out. 我昨晚去找他。结果发现他出去了。（表示出乎意料的结果） Mary is too tired to do the job. 玛丽太累了，做不了这项工作。 He is old enough to go to school. 他到上学的年龄了。 Point 3 作原因状语。常用在表示情感或态度的sorry, surprised, disappointed, excited, glad,happy 等形容词后，常用结构为“主语+系动词+形容词+to do”。 Tom was very happy to see his mother. 汤姆看到她的妈妈很高兴。 I was surprised to find him here. 发现他在这里我很开心。【特别注意】easy, difficult, hard, cheap, expensive, fit, comfortable, heavy, good 等形容词表示主语的特征或性质，后面接不定式作状语时，不定式和句子主语之间存在被动关系，但常用主语形式表示被动意义。 English is easy to learn. 英语学起来很容易。 The book is very hard to understand. 这本书很难理解。分考点 2 分词作状语形式意义 Doing 主动，进行 Having doing 主动，完成 Done 被动，完成；用作形容词，表状态 Being done 被动，进行，意为“正在被做”

动词-ing形式作表语定语,宾补及状语的用法

动词-ing形式作表语定语，宾补及状语的用法一、动词-ing形式作表语 1.表示主语的内容,可以转换到句首作主语 Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible. (= keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible is her job) 她的工作是尽量使报告厅保持干净。 2.表示主语具有的特征、性质和状态(动词ing相当一个形容词） The problem is quite puzzling. 这个问题很令困惑。 3.常用来作表语的现在分词有astonishing, amusing, confusing, disappointing, boring, encouraging, inspiring, moving, tiring, interesting, surprising等。全析提示：动词-ing形式作表语时，其逻辑主语往往是句子中的主语，但用作表语的-ing形式也可带有自己的逻辑主语。 What worries me most is her staying too late every night. (staying too late every night的逻辑主语是her) 二、动词-ing形式作定语 1单个的动词-ing形式可以作前置定语，一般具有两种含义。 ①说明被修饰名词的用途和性能。 a reading room = a room which is used for reading 阅览室 running shoes =shoes for running 跑鞋 a working method =a method for working 工作方法 ②表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态，在意思上接近一个定语从句，可以表示正在进行的动作，也可表示经常性动作或当时的状态。 developing countries = countries that are developing 发展中国家 an ordinary-looking house = a house that looks ordinary 看起来很普通的房子 a puzzling problem = a problem that puzzles somebody 困扰人的问题 2作定语的动词-ing形式如是一个短语，则应放在被修饰词的后面,做后置定语，相当于一个定语从句。 They lived in a house facing south.(=which is facing south) 他们住在一所朝南的房子里。 Do you know the boy playing basket?（=Who is playing basket) 你认识在打篮球的那个小男孩吗？ The man visiting Japan (=the man who is visiting Japan ) is my uncle 正在访问日本的那个男人是我的叔叔。三、动词-ing形式作宾补 1、动词-ing形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后面，表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作，强调一个过程或一种状态。 When we returned, we found a stranger standing in front of the house. 2、当主句转换为被动结构时,原来作宾语补足语的动词-ing形式便转换为主语补足语。

动词ing做宾补-表语-定语-状语及综合练习

高中英语语法动词ing形式做宾补表语定语状语用法详解及练习第一部分：动词的-ing形式作宾语补足语 1．动词的-ing形式可以在see, hear, notice, watch, feel, smell, look at, listen to, observe, find等表示感官和心理状态的动词后面作宾语补足语，和一个名词或代词一起构成复合宾语。 We heard the children shouting upstairs. 我们听见孩子们在楼上叫喊。 I noticed a man running out of the bank when I got off the car. 我下车的时候注意到一个男人从银行里跑出来。 I felt my heart beating violently. 我觉得我的心在猛烈地跳动。 2．动词的-ing形式和不定式作宾语补语的区别在see, hear, feel, watch, notice等感官动词后，既可用动词的-ing形式构成复合宾语，也可用不定式构成复合宾语，两者之间有一定的区别。用动词的-ing形式时，表示动作正在进行；用不定式时，表示动作发生了，即动作的全过程结束了。 He saw a girl getting on the car. 他看见一个女孩在上汽车。 ) (She was getting on the car.) He saw a girl get on the car and drive off. 他看见一个女孩上车开走了。 (She got on the car and drove off.) Do you hear someone knocking at the door 你听见有人在敲门吗 (Someone is knocking at the door.) Do you hear someone knock at the door 你听见有人敲门了吗 (Someone knocked at the door just now.)

非谓语动词作状语全解讲解

非谓语动词作状语全解不定式和分词作状语的用法一、不定式作状语可以作: 1. 主要用作目的状语。常与 in order to do (为了或 so as to do(以便连用。 so as to 不用于居首。 He got up early in order to catch the first bus. 他早起为了赶上第一班车。 He sat down to have a rest.他坐下来休息。 He went to France to learn French。他去法国学习法语。 They stood by the roadside to talk about the plan.他们站在路边为的是谈论这个计划。 They stopped to ask the way. 他们停下来问路。 (停下来的目的 2.作结果状语。表示出乎意料的结果。做结果状语的不定式只能出现在句子的末尾,常见的不定式动词有:to find, to hear, to see, to be told, to form, to give, to make, to produce 等。 He hurried to the station only to find the train gone. 他匆匆忙忙地赶到火车站,发现火车已经开走了。 He woke up to find everybody gone. 他醒来发现大家都走了。 His family was too poor to support him.他的家庭太穷,不能维持他的生活。 The boy is not tall enough to reach the book shelf. 这男孩个子不够高, 手伸不到书架。 He is old enough to go to school. 他到上学年龄了。 He lifted a rock only to drop it on his own feet.他搬起石头砸了自己的脚。

必修4动词-ing形式作表语,定语,宾语补足语和状语

年级高一学科英语版本人教实验版内容标题必修4 Unit 3 A taste of English humor动词-ing形式作表语、定语、宾语补足语和状语编稿老师林静【本讲教育信息】一. 教学内容：动词-ing形式作表语、定语、宾语补足语和状语二. 知识精讲（一）动词的ing形式作表语 1. 动名词作表语一般表示抽象的、习惯性的行为，这时主语与表语的位置可以互换。 Her duty is taking care of the babies. 照看婴儿是她的职责。 Our job is playing all kinds of music. 我们的工作就是演奏各种音乐 2. 现在分词作表语，表明的是主语的性质与特征，相当于形容词，可有比较级形式，亦可被very, quite，so等副词修饰，这时主语与表语的位置不可互换 The music they are playing sounds exciting. 他们演奏的音乐是如此令人兴奋 The film we saw last night is quite moving. 我们昨晚看的电影十分感人。（二）动词的ing形式作定语 1. 动名词作定语，表示该名词的用途或与其有关的动作，通常只能放在所修饰的名词前。 a walking stick手杖reading room 阅览室washing machine洗衣机 2.现在分词作定语，说明所修饰的名词正在进行的动作或存在的状态，现在分词与所修饰的名词具有逻辑上的主谓关系，可换成定语从句来表达，单个的现在分词作定语常置于被修饰的名词前，现在分词短语作定语须置于被修饰的名词后。 Nobody can stop the running horse(=the horse that is running). 没人能阻止那匹奔跑的马。

非谓语动词作状语的用法

分考点1不定式作状语 Poi nt 1做目的状语，意为“为了”，可以单独放在句首、句中或句末。 To pass the college entrance exam, we must work hard. 为了通过大学入学考试，我们必须努力学习。 Mike had to shout to make himself heard above the sound of the music. 麦克不得不大声说话，以便能在如此大的音乐下被别人听见。【特别注意】也可用in order to或so as to表示目的，但so as to不能用于句首。 The bus stopped so as to pick up passe ngers. 公交车停下来以便搭载乘客。 He got up early in order to catch the first bus. 他早起是为了赶上第一版公交车。 Point 2作结果状语。常表示令人意外的结果。 Only/just to do 表示意想不到的结果 Enough to do 足够做... Too...to do太…而不能..... So/such... as to...如此...以至于.... I went to see him last ni ght only/ just to find him out. 我昨晚去找他。结果发现他出去了。（表示出乎意料的结果） Mary is too tired to do the job. 玛丽太累了，做不了这项工作。 He is old eno ugh to go to school. 他到上学的年龄了。 Poi nt 3作原因状语。常用在表示情感或态度的sorry, surprised, disappo in ted, excited, glad,happy等形容词后，常用结构为"主语+系动词+形容词+to do ”。 Tom was very happy to see his mother. 汤姆看到她的妈妈很高兴。 I was surprised to find him here. 发现他在这里我很开心。【特另U注意】easy, difficult, hard, cheap, expe nsive, fit, comfortable, heavy, good 等形容词表示主语的特征或性质，后面接不定式作状语时，不定式和句子主语之间存在被动关系，但常用主语形式表示被动意义。 En glish is easy to learn.英语学起来很容易。 The book is very hard to un dersta nd. 这本书很难理解。

动词ing作状语

1.v-ing作状语可以修饰动词，在句中表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随的情况等。 **时间状语动词的ing形式作时间状语时相当于一个状语从句，几乎每一个动词ing作状语时都可以转换成一个时间状语从句。它表示动作如果和谓语动词的动作同时发生或紧接着发生，此时常用动词的ing形式的一般式，在强调动词的ing形式表示的动作先于谓语动词的动作时，用动词ing的完成时。 Eg；1.arriving in Paris，I lost my way。 =when I arrived in Paris，I lost my way。到巴黎后，我迷路了。 2.Hearing the exciting news，the boy jumped with joy。 =when the boy heard the exciting news，the boy jumped with joy。听到这个令人激动的消息，男孩高兴得跳起来。 3.we are ready for the examination，having made full preparations。 = we are ready for the examination，when we have made full preparations。我们已经做好充分的准备，现在可以应考了。 **原因状语

动词的ing 作原因状语时，相当于一个原因状语从句，同时也可以转变为一个原因状语从句。它表示的原因的动词ing 形式短语一般置于句首。 Eg；1.having smoked too much ，he has suffered from lung cancer。 =as he has smoked too much ，he has suffered from lung cancer 由于抽烟过多，他得了肺癌。 2.living far from my company，I have to get up early。 =because I live far from my company，I have to get up early。由于住得离公司远，我只好早起。 3.not knowing her address，I might as well call her to come over。 =because I do not know her address，I might as well call her to come over。不知道她的地址，我只好打电话让她来。 **结果状语动词的ing作结果状语时，不常用，通常放在句末，中间有逗号。它可以转化成结果状语从句。 Eg；1.the fire lasted nearly a month，leaving nothing valuable。大火持续了近一个月，几乎没剩下什么有价值的东西。 **方式、伴随状语动词ing表示方式或伴随情况是比较常见的，它用来说明发生的背景或情况。 Eg，1.I stood by the door，not daring to say a word。我站在门旁边，不敢说一句话。 2.my parents wrote me a letter ，telling me to change my job。我父母来信让换我工作。 3.i lay on the grass，staring at the sky for a long time。我躺在草地上，长时间的望天空。 4.talking and laughing，the kids walked one by one into the classroom。孩子们有一个个说有笑的走进教室。 5.theycame running all the way。他们一路跑过来。 **条件状语

30.动词的-ing形式作状语

动词的-ing形式作状语吴国斌动词的-ing形式作状语时，表示的动作是主语动作的一部分，用来修饰谓语动词，常表示动作发生的时间、原因、条件、结果、方式、伴随、让步等情况，并可以转换成相应的状语从句或并列句。 1.表时间 Walking in the park，she saw an old friend. 在公园散步时，她看到一个老朋友。＝When she was walking in the park, she saw an old friend. Having finished the work, he went out to meet his friends. 完成工作后，他出去会朋友了。＝After he finished the work, he went out to meet his friends. 2.表原因 Having traveled to many places, he knows a lot. 到过很多的地方去旅游，他知道的很多。＝Since he has traveled to many places, he knows a lot. Being ill, he was sent to hospital. 由于生病，他被送往医院。 =Because he was ill, he was sent to hospital. 3.表伴随或方式 He sent me an e-mail, hoping to get further information. 他给我发了封电子邮件，希望得到更多的消息。＝He sent me an e-mail, and (he) hoped to get further information. 4.表条件 Going there by plane, you’ll arrive tomorrow morning. 如果你乘飞机去那里的话，明天早上就会到。＝If you go there by plane, you’ll arrive tomorrow morning. 5.表让步 Having been told many times, he still made the same mistake. 尽管告诉他许多次了，他仍旧犯同样的错误。＝Though he had been told many times, he still made the same mistake. 6.表结果（必然结果）

(完整版)动名词作状语

动词-ing做状语【学案】（必修四第四单元语法点） 1.-ing短语在句子中可作状语，来修饰谓语动词或整个句子，表示动作发生的时间、原因、条件、结果、让步或伴随等情况。 2. -ing短语作状语一般表示一个次要的动作，一般都可以变为相应的状语从句或并列句。 1. 作时间状语 -ing短语作时间状语要置于句首。如： Hearing the bad news, they couldn’t help crying. =When______________________, they couldn’t help crying. 当听到这个不幸的消息时，他们情不自禁地哭了起来。 Having received his letter, I decided to write back. =After_______________________, I decided to write back. 收到他的信后，我决定给他回信。注意：当v-ing形式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前时，应使用完成式：having done _______________(finish) his homework, he rushed out to play basketball. 2. 作原因状语 -ing短语作原因状语置于句首。如：Being so angry, he couldn’t go to sleep. =Because__________________, he couldn’t go to sleep. 因为太生气了，他不能入睡。Having been to the Great Wall many times, he didn’t go last week. =_______________he had been to the Great Wall many times, he didn’t go last week. 因为他已经去过长城许多次，上周他就没去。 3. 作条件状语 -ing作条件状语置于句首或句末。如：Working hard, you will succeed. =If______________, you will succeed. 如果你勤奋一点，你就会成功。

动词ing形式作状语35983

词-ing形式作状语动词-ing形式作状语可以修饰谓语动词或整个句子，表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式、伴随或补充。 1．表示时间: 动词-ing形式作时间状语，相当于一个时间状语从句。句首或句末 Turning around, she saw a car driving up. =When she turned around, she saw a car driving up. 她转过身，看见一辆车朝她开来。 2．表示原因: 表示原因的动词-ing形式一般置于句首，相当于一个原因状语从句。句首句中或句末 Being ill, he could not walk any further. =As he was ill, he could not walk any further. 因为疲倦，他不能再往前走了。 3．表示结果: 动词-ing形式作状语表示一种必然的结果，可扩展为一个含有并列谓语的简单句。句末 The fire lasted nearly a month, leaving nothing valuable. =The fire lasted nearly a month, and left nothing valuable. 大火持续了近一个月，几乎没剩下什么值钱的东西。 4．表示条件：动词-ing形式作条件状语，相当于一个条件状语从句。句首 Being more careful, you can make fewer mistakes. =If you are more careful, you can make fewer mistakes. 更细心点，你就会少犯错误。 5．表示让步动词-ing形式作让步状语，相当于一个让步状语从句。句首 Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage. =Although they knew all this, they made me pay for the damage. 尽管知道了一切情况，他们还是要我赔偿损失。 6．表示方式、伴随或补充说明：动词-ing形式表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明，可以扩展成为一个并列成分。句末 I stood by the door, not daring to say a word. =I stood by the door, and did not dare to say a word. 我站在门旁，不敢说一句话。 He was walking along the street, looking this way and that. =He was walking along the street, and looked this way and that. 他在街上走着，左顾右盼。特别提醒1 [从属连词+动词-ing形式]作状语为了使动词-ing形式作状语所表达的时间、条件、让步等意思更加明确，可在动词-ing形式前加上适当的连词(when, while, if，though，unless, even

非谓语动词作状语用法详细讲解

非谓语动词作状语用法详解一、不定式作状语不定式作状语常常考查的有以下三方面知识： ⒈不定式作目的状语一方面不定式可以独立作目的状语；另一方面不定式还可以用在 so as (to) 或 in order (to) 后，表示目的。从结构上讲，不定式作目的状语放于句首时，通常用逗号和句子隔开；如果放于句末，通常不用逗号：【名题1】 (2003北京海淀区高三第二学期期中练习· 26) _____ their service, the workers of the hotel are active in learning English. A. Improving B. To improve C. Improved D. Having improved 【解析】本题考查非谓语动词作状语。不定式放于句首，说明了酒店员工积极学习英语的目的。答案为B。【名题2】 (2003北京东城区高三总复习练习（一）· 26) ______ time and labour, cartoonists generally draw the hands of their charac ters with only three fingers and a thumb. A. To save B. Saved C. Saving D. Having saved

【解析】本题考查非谓语动词作状语。不定式放于句首，说明了漫画家在画人物的手指时为什么只画三个手指和一个大拇指。答案为A。【名题3】(’99SHMET· 18) —Mum. Why do you always make me eat an egg every day? —_______ enough protein and nutrition as you are growing up. A. Get B. Getting C. To get D. To be 【解析】本题考查非谓语动词作状语。分词作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、伴随情况；不定式作状语多表示目的和结果。问句以why 开头，暗示了要用非谓语动词作目的状语。作目的状语的不定式可用in order to 来引起；有时为了强调，也常常放在句首。答案为C。 2．不定式作结果状语不定式作结果状语时放于句末，其前面时常有副词only （In the last analysis or final outcome:—最后的分析，最终结果：）：【名题4】 (2004陕西省高三调研题· 27) The American troops tried many times to break into the mosque, _______eac h time. A. beaten back B. only to be beaten back C. being beaten back D. having been beaten back

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