自考英语(一)课堂笔记完整版(3)

自考英语（一）课堂笔记完整版（3）

Unit2（第4讲—第6讲）

Text A Taxes， Taxes， and More Taxes

本课主要单词

1. tax n. & v. 税（款）；对…征税

The governm ent plans to increase taxes by 3 percent.

（政府计划把税收增加三个百分点。）

In Britain， tobacco and alcoholic drinks are heavily taxed.

（在英国，烟草和酒类饮品的税收很高。）

incom e tax（所得税）sales tax（销售税）

im port tax（进口税）housing and land tax（房地产税）

VA T （value-added tax）（增值税）poll tax（人头税）

tax-collector（税务员） tax-payer（纳税人）

dodge tax（逃税，漏税） tax-free（免税的）

2. type n. 类型，种类，品种

v. 打字

No one knows why he doesn't like this type of work.（没有人知道他为什么不喜欢这种工作。）

The m anager asked Mary to type the letter again.（经理要玛丽把信重打一遍。）

typewriter（打字机）typist（打字员）

3. salary n. 工资v. （常用被动语态）给…发薪

salaried adj. 拿薪水的，领工资的

She was happy to know that she would get a prom otion and an increase in salary.（得知她将得到提级和加薪，她很开心。）

Don't worry about him，he will be salaried by a big com pany.（别为他担心，一家大公司会给他发薪水。）

Wi th his knowledge and experience he was bound to get a high-salaried post.（凭借他的知识和经验，他一定能找到一份高薪的工作。）

salary和 wage的区别在于：salary是指为从事非体力劳动的人按月支付的薪水，wage则通常指为从事体力劳动的人按周支付的薪水。

4. earn v. 挣得；赢得，获得

He worked 14 hours a day in order that he could earn enough to support the fam ily.（为了能挣足够的钱养家，他每天工作十四小时。）

His sincerity earns him friends wherever he goes.（无论走到哪，他的真诚都能赢得朋友。）

5. percentage n. 百分比，百分率；比例，部分

percent / per cent n. 每百中，百分之…

The percentage of university enrollm ent will be greatly increased this year.（今年，大学录取的百分比将大大提高。）

About 70 percent of high school graduates in Nanjing will be enrolled by universi ties this year.（今年，南京的高中毕业生将有百分之七十被高校录取。）

6. vary vi. 变化，有不同

vt. 改变，使不同

Pri ces of fish vary from 70 cents a pound to one dollar a pound.（鱼的价格从七十美分到一美元一磅不等。）

The weather in this area varies from hour to hour.（这儿的天气时刻有变化。）

I didn't vary m y plan at the last m om ent.（我在最后一刻没有改变我的计划。）

7. graduated adj.（税）累进的；刻度的

graduate v. & n. 毕业；毕业生

graduation n. 毕业

As the federal governm ent has a graduated incom e tax， the m ore you earn， the higher tax you have to pay. 因为联邦政府实行累进所得税，所以，你挣的越多，缴的所得税就越高。

A graduated glass will enable you to know how m uch water you have put into the vessel.（量杯能够使你知道你在容器里放了多少水。）

He graduated from high school last year. But it was diffi cult for a high school graduate to find a satisfactory job.

（他去年高中毕业，但是高中毕业生要找一份称心如意的工作是很困难的。）

After graduation she went to work in a hospital as a nurse. （毕业后，她去医院做了一名护士。）

8. sale n. 出售，卖；廉价出售

sell v. 卖

Mr. Sm ith is now interested in m y car and I hope I can m ake the sale today.（史密斯先生现在对我的汽车感兴趣，我希望今天就能卖成。）

He sold his bike to Tom.（他把自行车卖给了汤姆。）

for sale（待售） on sale（上市的）

a clearance sale（清仓拍卖） sales departm ent（营业部）

sales prom otion（促销活动）sales m anager（销售经理）

salesperson / salesclerk（营业员）

9. charge v. 索价；指控；使充满

n. 价钱；指控；负责

He charged m e 10 yuan for a bowl of plain rice.（一碗白米饭，他要了我十块钱。）

The young m an was charged wi th stealing.（那个年轻人被指控犯了盗窃罪。）

Charge your glasses and drink to our friendship.（斟满杯，为我们的友谊干杯。）

The charge for a front-row seat is 250 yuan.（前排座位票价250元。）

The police arrested him on a charge of m urder.（警察以谋杀罪拘捕了他。）

Who will be in charge of our class when the teacher is away？（老师不在的时候，谁管我们班？）

10. figure n. 数字；人物；外形

v. 想出；算出；估计

He has a good head for figures.（他的数字概念很强。）

No one had expected that his savings could reach 5 figures in such a short tim e.（谁也没料到在这么短的时间里，他的存款能达到五位数。）

He was an im portant figure in Am erican history.（他是美国历史上的重要人物。）

She was always worrying about her figure as she couldn't resist the tem ptation of chocolates. （她抵御不了巧克力的诱惑，所以总是担心自己的体形。）

We are trying to figure out a way to help them.（我们正在想办法帮助他们。）

Figure out the expenses and see if we have enough m oney.（算一算费用，看看我们的钱是否够。）

She brought an um brella as she figured they m ight need i t.（她带了一把伞，因为她估计他们会需要。）

11. add v. 增加，增添

addition n. 加（in addition to除…之外）

additional adj. 附加的，另外的

The fire is going out，add m ore wood to it. （火要灭了，再加些木柴。）

His explanation adds to m y confusion.（他的解释使我更加糊涂。）

In addition to leaves， these anim als eat a great deal of fruit.（除了树叶之外，这些动物还吃大量的水果。）

It will take an additional two days to finish the work.（还要再花两天时间才能完成这项

工作。）

12. revenue n. 收入，收益；税收https://www.wendangku.net/doc/aa9253269.html,/

The m anager is worrying about the drop in advertising revenue.（经理正为广告收入的下降着急。）

The loss of tax revenue in m any areas is getting higher.（许多地区的税收流失越来越严重。）

the Public Revenue（财政收入，国库收入）

Inland Revenue（国内税收）revenue departm ent（税务部门）

13. diverse adj. 不同的；多种多样的

diversity n. 多样性；差异

He is a m an of diverse talent.（他是一个有多种才能的人。）

They offered us diverse suggestions at the m eeting.（他们在会上给我们提出了各种各样的建议。）

His writing displays the diversities of hum an behavior.（他的作品展示了人类行为的多样性。）

A great diversity of m ethods has been tried in doing this experim ent.（实验中尝试过各种各样的方法。）

14. confuse v. 使混乱，混淆

confusion n. 混乱，慌乱

What he said just now confuses all of us.（他刚才说的话把我们都弄糊涂了。）

Her answers have only added to his confusion.（她的回答只使他更加糊涂。）

15. property n. 财产，资产；（房）地产；特性，性质

That car is m y property， you cannot use it without m y permission.（那辆车是我的财产，没我的允许，你不能动用。）

The city is growing and property in the center is becom ing m ore valuable.（城市在发展，市中心的房地产越来越有价值了。）

Many plants have m edicinal properties.（许多植物有药用特性。）

state property （国家财产） personal property（动产）

real property / estate（不动产）intellectual property（知识产权）

16. ex cise n. 国产税，本国消费税

exercise n.& v. 行使，运用；锻炼；练习

custom s n. 关税（Custom s 海关）

17. fund n. 基金，专款；储备，贮存

v. 提供资金，供以款项

We would set up a fund to help those children whose parents couldn't afford to send them to school.（我们将设立一项基金，帮助那些父母供不起他们读书的孩子。）

They have a fund of knowledge and experience to draw on.（他们有丰富的知识和经验可利用。）

This research is funded by the governm ent.（这项研究由政府提供资金。）

18. departm ent n. 部，部门；系科

the State Departm ent （美国）国务院the Departm ent of Education 教育部

departm ent store 百货商店the departm ent of physi cs 物理系

19. m unicipal adj. 市的，市政的

the m unicipal governm ent市政府

m unicipal adm inistration市政管理

a m unicipal university市立大学

20. com plain v. 抱怨，埋怨，发牢骚，诉苦

com plaint n. 抱怨，诉说

He com plained to the m anager about / of the poor after-servi ce.（他对经理抱怨说售后服务太差。）

She com plained about / of her husband's carelessness.（她抱怨说她丈夫太粗心。）

The teacher com plained that the students didn't work hard enough.（老师抱怨学生学习不够努力。）

It is a comm on com plaint that today's children lack the sense of cooperation.（人们常常抱怨今天的孩子缺少合作意识。）

21. im practical adj. 不切实际的，不能实行的

practical adj. 实际的，可行的

His suggestion sounds good， but i t is really im practical.（他的建议听起来不错，但是的确不切实际。）

How long will it be before this theory can be put into practi cal use？（这一理论还要多久才能被实际运用？）

22. program n. 计划；（电视）节目；程序

v. 使按预定步骤工作；编程

They are drawing up a program of water purification.（他们正在制定一个净水计划。）

Tonight's TV program s will be very interesting.（今晚的电视节目会非常有趣。）

I know nothing about com puter program s.（我对电脑编程一窍不通。）

You can program it to do different tasks at specific tim es.（你可以使它在特定的时间按计划完成各项不同的任务。）

23. view n. 看法，观点；视野，眼界；景色，风景

v. 看待，考虑

He was unwilling to express his views on what had happened.（他不愿意就所发生的一切发表自己的观点。）

When we stood on the top of the m ountain， the whole ci ty cam e into our view.（我们站在山顶时，整个城市尽收眼底。）

Looking out of the window，he had a fine view of the Slender West Lake.（朝窗外望去，他看到了瘦西湖的美景。）

Several possible buyers have com e to view your car.（几个想买车的人来看过你的车了。）

If you stand in his shoes to view the problem，you will com e to a totally different conclusion. （如果你站在他的立场上来考虑这个问题，你会得出完全不同的结论。）

24. issue n. 问题，争论点；发行

v. 出版，发行，颁布

At today's m eeting we have to spend som e tim e discussing this issue.（在今天的会上，我们得花点时间讨论这个问题。）

The m inute he got the latest issue of the sports m agazine，he read i t with great interest.（一拿到最新一期的体育杂志，他就津津有味地看了起来。）

Her first novel issued in May.（她的第一部小说于五月份出版了。）

He issued instructions that the prisoners should be set free.（他下令释放犯人。）

25. tend v. 护理，照管

tend to 易于，往往会；倾向于

She is tending a very sick patient. （她在护理一位重病人。）

In addition to his full-tim e job，he tends a bar.（除了一份全日制的工作，他还照管一个酒吧。）

When you ask her m ore than one question，she tends to get im patient.（你问她两个以上的问题，她往往会不耐烦。）

He tends to be optimistic no m atter what happens.（无任发生任何事情，他总倾向于乐观。）

本课主要构词法

Conversion（转类法──名词和动词相互转类）

tax type salary charge

pack et figure fund protest

program view issue tend

本课简介

Taxes， Taxes，and More Taxes 介绍了美国三级政府（联邦政府，州政府，市政府）征收的三种税（incom e tax，sales tax，property tax and ex cise tax）。美国人对税收的一致看法是：The taxes are too high. 这篇文章对我们了解美国社会很有帮助，值得一读。

本课主要语言点

1. Am ericans often say that there are two things a person can be sure of in life：death and taxes.

句中的that引导的是一个宾语从句，例如：Everybody knows that the earth goes around the sun.（众所周知，地球围绕太阳转。）

请翻译下面的句子：

1）他知道我不会责怪他。（He knew that I wouldn't blam e him.）

2）妈妈说他必须在六点以前回来。（Mother said that he had to be back before 6：00.）

3）我想天气很快会放晴。（I think that i t is going to cl ear up soon.）

4）我相信他对我说了实话。（I believe that he told m e the truth.）

句中的a person can be sure of …是定语从句，修饰two things，引导定语从句的关系代词that被省去了。例如：Have you found the book you want？（你找到你要的书了吗？）请翻译下面的句子：

1）他找到了他丢失的那块表。（He found the watch he had lost.）

2）这儿有很多我感兴趣的书。（There are m any books I am interested in.）

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